使用rsa進行http傳輸加密
阿新 • • 發佈:2017-12-05
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[TOC]
1. RSA算法
RSA是目前最有影響力和最常用的公鑰加密算法,它能夠抵抗到目前為止已知的絕大多數密碼攻擊,已被ISO推薦為公鑰數據加密標準。
今天只有短的RSA鑰匙才可能被強力方式破解。但在分布式計算和量子計算機理論日趨成熟的今天,RSA加密安全性收到了挑戰和質疑。
RSA算法基於一個十分簡單的數論事實:將兩個大質數相乘十分容易,但是想要對其乘積進行因式分解缺及其困難,因此可以將乘積公開作為加密密鑰。
2. HTTPS
2.1 HTTPS優點
1. 使用HTTPS協議可認證用戶和服務器,確保數據發送到正確的客戶機和服務器。 2. HTTPS協議是由SSL+HTTP協議構建的可進行加密傳輸、身份認證的網絡協議,要比HTTP協議安全,可防止數據在傳輸過程中不被竊取、改變,確保數據的完整性。 3. HTTPS是現行框架下最安全的解決方案,雖然不是覺得安全,但它增加了中間人攻擊的成本。
2.2 HTTPS缺點
1. SSL的專業證書需要購買,功能越強大的證書費用越高
2. 相同的網絡環境下,HTTPS協議會使頁面的加載時間延長50%,增加10%-20%的耗電。此外,HTTPS協議還會影響緩存,增加數據開銷和功耗。
3. HTTPS協議的安全性是有範圍的,在黑客攻擊、拒絕服務攻擊、服務器劫持等方面幾乎起不到什麽作用。
4. 最關鍵的是,SSL證書的信用鏈體系並不安全。特別是在某些國家可以控制CA根證書的情況下,中間人攻擊一樣可行。
3. RSA傳輸加密實現
綜上所述(其實主要是因為HTTPS購買SSL證書需要花錢),可在某些關鍵數據傳輸過程中進行RSA加密。比如:登錄時對登錄密碼進行加密。
3.1 所需插件
3.1.1 JS插件
BigInt.js - 用於生成一個大整數(這是RSA算法的需要)
Barrett.js - RSA算法所需要用到的一個支持文件
RSA_Stripped.js - RSA的主要算法
下載密碼:bhiq
3.1.2 所需JAR
bcprov-jdk15on
<dependency> <groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId> <artifactId>bcprov-jdk15on</artifactId> <version>1.58</version> </dependency>
3.1.3 代碼
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.study</groupId>
<artifactId>webrsa</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- bcprov-jdk15on -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
<artifactId>bcprov-jdk15on</artifactId>
<version>1.58</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.6.1</version>
<configuration>
<target>1.7</target>
<source>1.7</source>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
RSAUtils.java
package com.study.webrsa.utils;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
/**
* RSA加解密工具類
*
*/
public class RSAUtils {
public static final String SECURITY = "RSA"; // 加密方式
public static final String ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA"; // 加密算法
public static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey"; // 公鑰
public static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey"; // 私鑰
/**
* 獲取密鑰
*/
public static Map<String, Object> getKey() {
Map<String, Object> map = null;
try {
// 生成實現指定算法的KeyPairGenerator對象,用於生成密鑰對
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator =
KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(SECURITY, new BouncyCastleProvider());
keyPairGenerator.initialize(1024); // 初始化密鑰長度
KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair(); // 生成密鑰對
RSAPublicKey rsaPublicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic(); // 獲取公鑰
RSAPrivateKey rsaPrivateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate(); // 獲取私鑰
// 保存到map中
map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put(PUBLIC_KEY, rsaPublicKey);
map.put(PRIVATE_KEY, rsaPrivateKey);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return map;
}
/**
* 利用私鑰進行解密
*
* @param privateKey
* 私鑰
* @param str
* 密文
* @return
*/
public static String decrypt(RSAPrivateKey privateKey, String str) {
try {
System.out.println("密文為:" + str);
// 獲取實現指定轉換的Cipher對象
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/NONE/NoPadding", new BouncyCastleProvider());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); // 用密鑰初始化此Cipher對象
int blockSize = cipher.getBlockSize(); // 返回塊的大小
byte[] bytes = hexStringToBytes(str); // 將十六進制轉換為二進制
int j = 0;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
while (bytes.length - j * blockSize > 0) { // 將二進制數據分塊寫入ByteArrayOutputStream中
baos.write(cipher.doFinal(bytes, j * blockSize, blockSize));
j++;
}
// 將二進制數據轉換為字符串
byte[] bs = baos.toByteArray();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(new String(bs));
String pwd = sb.reverse().toString();
System.out.println("明文為:" + pwd);
return pwd;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 將十六進制字符串轉換為二進制數組
*
* @param hexString
* 十六進制字符串
* @return
*/
private static byte[] hexStringToBytes(String hexString) {
if (hexString == null || "".equals(hexString)) {
return null;
}
hexString = hexString.toUpperCase(); // 全部轉換為大寫字符
int length = hexString.length() / 2; // 獲取十六進制數據個數
char[] hexChars = hexString.toCharArray(); // 將十六進制字符串轉換為字符數組
byte[] d = new byte[length];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
int pos = i * 2; // 開始位置
d[i] = (byte) (charToByte(hexChars[pos]) << 4 | charToByte(hexChars[pos + 1]));
}
return d;
}
private static byte charToByte(char ch) {
return (byte) "0123456789ABCDEF".indexOf(ch);
}
}
login.jsp
<%@page import="java.util.Map"%>
<%@page import="java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey"%>
<%@page import="java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey"%>
<%@page import="com.study.webrsa.utils.RSAUtils"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>用戶登錄</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<%
// 獲取密鑰對
Map<String, Object> map = RSAUtils.getKey();
// 獲取公鑰
RSAPublicKey rsaPublicKey = (RSAPublicKey) map.get(RSAUtils.PUBLIC_KEY);
// 獲取私鑰
RSAPrivateKey rsaPrivateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) map.get(RSAUtils.PRIVATE_KEY);
// 保存私鑰到session中,便於後臺進行解密
session.setAttribute("rsaKey", rsaPrivateKey);
// 保存公鑰到request中,便於頁面加密
String publicExponent = rsaPublicKey.getPublicExponent().toString(16);
String publicModulus = rsaPublicKey.getModulus().toString(16);
request.setAttribute("publicExponent", publicExponent);
request.setAttribute("publicModulus", publicModulus);
%>
<body>
<div class="container-fluid">
<form action="login" method="post" class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3"
onsubmit="return cmdEncrypt();">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="loginName">登錄名</label>
<input type="text" id="loginName" name="loginName" class="form-control"
placeholder="請輸入用戶名...">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="loginPwd">登錄密碼</label>
<input type="password" id="loginPwd" name="loginPwd" class="form-control"
placeholder="請輸入登錄密碼...">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">登錄</button>
</form>
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="resources/rsa/BigInt.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="resources/rsa/Barrett.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="resources/rsa/RSA_Stripped.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 提交前對密碼進行加密
function cmdEncrypt() {
setMaxDigits(131);
var pwd = $("#loginPwd").val(); // 獲取原始密碼
var key = new RSAKeyPair("${publicExponent}", "", "${publicModulus}");
pwd = encryptedString(key, pwd); // 對密碼進行加密
$("#loginPwd").val(pwd);
return true;
}
</script>
</html>
LoginServlet.java
package com.study.webrsa.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.study.webrsa.utils.RSAUtils;
@WebServlet("/login")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 設置編碼格式
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
// 獲取前臺參數
String loginName = req.getParameter("loginName");
String loginPwd = req.getParameter("loginPwd");
// 獲取私鑰
RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) req.getSession().getAttribute("rsaKey");
// 對密碼進行解密
loginPwd = RSAUtils.decrypt(privateKey, loginPwd);
// 校驗
if (true) {
req.setAttribute("username", loginName);
System.out.println("用戶[" + loginName + "]用密碼[" + loginPwd + "]登錄本系統");
req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
}
}
success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>登錄成功</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>歡迎您,${username }</h1>
</center>
</body>
</html>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
4. 註意事項
4.1 setMaxDigits()
setMaxDigits(),到底應該傳值多少?
在JS文件中給出公式為:n * 2 / 16。其中n為密鑰長度。
如果n為1024,則值應為 1024 * 2 / 16 = 128。
經過測試,傳128後臺解密會報錯;正確的值應該大於128。
個人喜好的公式是:n * 2 / 16 + 3
即 密鑰長度若為1024,其值為 131
密鑰長度若為2048,其值為 259
4.2 解密方式
在網上百度的代碼,解密方式一般如下所示:
// 獲取實現指定轉換的Cipher對象
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/NONE/NoPadding", new BouncyCastleProvider());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); // 用密鑰初始化此Cipher對象
int blockSize = cipher.getBlockSize(); // 返回塊的大小
byte[] bytes = new BigInteger(str, 16).toByteArray();
int j = 0;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
while (bytes.length - j * blockSize > 0) { // 將二進制數據分塊寫入ByteArrayOutputStream中
baos.write(cipher.doFinal(bytes, j * blockSize, blockSize));
j++;
}
用上述方式,偶爾會報錯如下所示:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Bad arguments
at javax.crypto.Cipher.doFinal(Cipher.java:2185)
at com.study.webrsa.utils.RSAUtils.decrypt(RSAUtils.java:76)
at com.study.webrsa.servlet.LoginServlet.doPost(LoginServlet.java:43)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:650)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:731)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:218)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:110)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:506)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:169)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:962)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:445)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1087)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:637)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:318)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
後發現問題就出現在toByteArray()上面,因為在用上面的三個JS進行加密時,偶爾得出的密文會比正確的密文多出一個byte,裏面是o。
因此可使用如下方式:
// 獲取實現指定轉換的Cipher對象
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/NONE/NoPadding", new BouncyCastleProvider());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); // 用密鑰初始化此Cipher對象
int blockSize = cipher.getBlockSize(); // 返回塊的大小
byte[] bytes = hexStringToBytes(str); // 將十六進制轉換為二進制
int j = 0;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
while (bytes.length - j * blockSize > 0) { // 將二進制數據分塊寫入ByteArrayOutputStream中
baos.write(cipher.doFinal(bytes, j * blockSize, blockSize));
j++;
}
/**
* 將十六進制字符串轉換為二進制數組
*
* @param hexString
* 十六進制字符串
* @return
*/
private static byte[] hexStringToBytes(String hexString) {
if (hexString == null || "".equals(hexString)) {
return null;
}
hexString = hexString.toUpperCase(); // 全部轉換為大寫字符
int length = hexString.length() / 2; // 獲取十六進制數據個數
char[] hexChars = hexString.toCharArray(); // 將十六進制字符串轉換為字符數組
byte[] d = new byte[length];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
int pos = i * 2; // 開始位置
d[i] = (byte) (charToByte(hexChars[pos]) << 4 | charToByte(hexChars[pos + 1]));
}
return d;
}
private static byte charToByte(char ch) {
return (byte) "0123456789ABCDEF".indexOf(ch);
}
參考:
JS加密Java解密報rsa bad argument
HTTPS優缺點、原理解析:我們的網站該不該做HTTPS?
更好的markdown體驗:https://www.zybuluo.com/chy282/note/975080
使用rsa進行http傳輸加密