【MVC】Spring MVC常用配置
一、SpringMVC基礎入門,創建一個HelloWorld程序
1.首先,導入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中關於SpringMVC的配置<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/> <!-- don‘t handle the static resource --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 前綴 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!-- 後綴 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans>
4.在WEB-INF文件夾下創建名為jsp的文件夾,用來存放jsp視圖。創建一個hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller,如下所示
6.編寫Controller代碼
@Controller @RequestMapping("/mvc") public class mvcController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(){ return "hello"; } }
7.啟動服務器,鍵入 http://localhost:8080/項目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。攔截匹配的請求,Servlet攔截匹配規則要自已定義,把攔截下來的請求,依據相應的規則分發到目標Controller來處理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
視圖名稱解析器
3.以上出現的註解
@Controller 負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 註解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
三、SpringMVC常用註解
@Controller
負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
註解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
@RequestBody
該註解用於讀取Request請求的body部分數據,使用系統默認配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析,然後把相應的數據綁定到要返回的對象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對象數據綁定到 controller中方法的參數上
@ResponseBody
該註解用於將Controller的方法返回的對象,通過適當的HttpMessageConverter轉換為指定格式後,寫入到Response對象的body數據區
@ModelAttribute
在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 註解:Spring MVC 在調用目標處理方法前,會先逐個調用在方法級上標註了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入參前使用 @ModelAttribute 註解:可以從隱含對象中獲取隱含的模型數據中獲取對象,再將請求參數 –綁定到對象中,再傳入入參將方法入參對象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在處理方法入參處使用 @RequestParam 可以把請求參 數傳遞給請求方法
@PathVariable
綁定 URL 占位符到入參
@ExceptionHandler
註解到方法上,出現異常時會執行該方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一個Contoller成為全局的異常處理類,類中用@ExceptionHandler方法註解的方法可以處理所有Controller發生的異常
四、自動匹配參數
//match automatically @RequestMapping("/person") public String toPerson(String name,double age){ System.out.println(name+" "+age); return "hello"; }
五、自動裝箱
1.編寫一個Person實體類
package test.SpringMVC.model; public class Person { public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } private String name; private int age; }
2.在Controller裏編寫方法
//boxing automatically @RequestMapping("/person1") public String toPerson(Person p){ System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge()); return "hello"; }
六、使用InitBinder來處理Date類型的參數
//the parameter was converted in initBinder @RequestMapping("/date") public String date(Date date){ System.out.println(date); return "hello"; } //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" @InitBinder public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); }
七、向前臺傳遞參數
//pass the parameters to front-end @RequestMapping("/show") public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ Person p =new Person(); map.put("p", p); p.setAge(20); p.setName("jayjay"); return "show"; }
前臺可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax調用
//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax @RequestMapping("/getPerson") public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+name); } @RequestMapping("/name") public String sayHello(){ return "name"; }
前臺用下面的Jquery代碼調用
$(function(){ $("#btn").click(function(){ $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); }); });
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式處理請求
//redirect @RequestMapping("/redirect") public String redirect(){ return "redirect:hello"; }
十、文件上傳
1.需要導入兩個jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
<!-- upload settings --> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property> </bean>
3.方法代碼
@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{ MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req; MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file"); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+ "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(‘.‘))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return "hello"; }
4.前臺form表單
<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="file"><br> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form>
十一、使用@RequestParam註解指定參數的name
@Controller @RequestMapping("/test") public class mvcController1 { @RequestMapping(value="/param") public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id, @RequestParam(value="name")String name){ System.out.println(id+" "+name); return "/hello"; } }
十二、RESTFul風格的SringMVC
1.RestController
@Controller @RequestMapping("/rest") public class RestController { @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("get"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("post"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT) public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("put"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("delete"+id); return "/hello"; } }
2.form表單發送put和delete請求
在web.xml中配置
<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --> <filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
在前臺可以用以下代碼產生請求
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"> <input type="submit" value="put"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="submit" value="post"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="get"> <input type="submit" value="get"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"> <input type="submit" value="delete"> </form>
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.導入以下jar包
2.方法代碼
@Controller @RequestMapping("/json") public class jsonController { @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/user") public User get(){ User u = new User(); u.setId(1); u.setName("jayjay"); u.setBirth(new Date()); return u; } }
十四、異常的處理
1.處理局部異常(Controller內)
@ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler"); return mv; } @RequestMapping("/error") public String error(){ int i = 5/0; return "hello"; }
2.處理全局異常(所有Controller)
@ControllerAdvice public class testControllerAdvice { @ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice"); return mv; } }
3.另一種處理全局異常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <property name="exceptionMappings"> <props> <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop> </props> </property> </bean>
error是出錯頁面
十五、設置一個自定義攔截器
1.創建一個MyInterceptor類,並實現HandlerInterceptor接口
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println("afterCompletion"); } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println("postHandle"); } @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2) throws Exception { System.out.println("preHandle"); return true; } }
2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
<!-- interceptor setting --> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/> <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
3.攔截器執行順序
十六、表單的驗證(使用Hibernate-validate)及國際化
1.導入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未選中不用導入)
2.編寫實體類User並加上驗證註解
public class User { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth; }
ps:@Past表示時間必須是一個過去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單
<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user"> id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br> name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br> birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form:form>
ps:path對應name
4.Controller中代碼
@Controller @RequestMapping("/form") public class formController { @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){ if(br.getErrorCount()>0){ return "addUser"; } return "showUser"; } @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String add(Map<String,Object> map){ map.put("user",new User()); return "addUser"; } }
ps:
1.因為jsp中使用了modelAttribute屬性,所以必須在request域中有一個"user".
2.@Valid 表示按照在實體上標記的註解驗證參數
3.返回到原頁面錯誤信息回回顯,表單也會回顯
5.錯誤信息自定義
在src目錄下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can‘t not be empty Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
<!-- configure the locale resource --> <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basename" value="locale"></property> </bean>
6.國際化顯示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=賬號
password=密碼
locale.properties中添加
username=user name
password=password
創建一個locale.jsp
<body> <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message> <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message> </body>
在SpringMVC中配置
<!-- make the jsp page can be visited --> <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>
讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問
最後,訪問locale.jsp,切換瀏覽器語言,能看到賬號和密碼的語言也切換了
十七、壓軸大戲--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.創建一個test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來演示整合,並創建各類
2.User實體類
public class User { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth; }
3.UserService類
@Component public class UserService { public UserService(){ System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n"); } public void save(){ System.out.println("save"); } }
4.UserController
@Controller @RequestMapping("/integrate") public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @RequestMapping("/user") public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){ System.out.println(u); userService.save(); return "hello"; } }
5.Spring配置文件
在src目錄下創建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd " xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" > <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan> </beans>
在Web.xml中添加配置
<!-- configure the springIOC --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param>
6.在SpringMVC中進行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對同一個對象的管理重合
<!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan>
十八、SpringMVC詳細運行流程圖
十九、SpringMVC運行原理
1. 客戶端請求提交到DispatcherServlet
2. 由DispatcherServlet控制器查詢一個或多個HandlerMapping,找到處理請求的Controller
3. DispatcherServlet將請求提交到Controller
4. Controller調用業務邏輯處理後,返回ModelAndView
5. DispatcherServlet查詢一個或多個ViewResoler視圖解析器,找到ModelAndView指定的視圖
6. 視圖負責將結果顯示到客戶端
二十、SpringMVC與struts2的區別
1、springmvc基於方法開發的,struts2基於類開發的。springmvc將url和controller裏的方法映射。映射成功後springmvc生成一個Handler對象,對象中只包括了一個method。方法執行結束,形參數據銷毀。springmvc的controller開發類似web service開發。
2、springmvc可以進行單例開發,並且建議使用單例開發,struts2通過類的成員變量接收參數,無法使用單例,只能使用多例。
3、經過實際測試,struts2速度慢,在於使用struts標簽,如果使用struts建議使用jstl。
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunniest/p/4555801.html
【MVC】Spring MVC常用配置