rsync 同步命令
同步操作
rsync [選項..] 源目錄 目標目錄
同步與復制的差異
復制：完成拷貝源到目標
同步：增量拷貝，只傳輸變化過的數據
本地同步
rsync [選項...] 本地目錄1 本地目錄2 #同步整個文件夾
rsync [選項...] 本地目錄1/ 本地目錄2 #只同步目錄的數據
操作選項
-n ： 測試同步過程，不做實際修改
--delete：刪除目標文件夾多余的文檔
-a ：歸檔模式,相當於-rlptgoD
-v :顯示詳細操作信息
-z ：傳輸過程中啟動壓縮/解壓
[root@test ]# mkdir /abc
[root@test ]# mkdir /test
[root@test ]# cp /etc/passwd /etc/fstab /etc/shadow /etc/group /abc
[root@test ]# rsync -avz /abc /test
sending incremental file list
abc/
abc/fstab
abc/group
abc/passwd
abc/shadow
sent 2596 bytes received 92 bytes 5376.00 bytes/sec
total size is 5551 speedup is 2.07
[root@test ]# ls /test
abc
[root@test ]# rsync -avz /abc/ /test
sending incremental file list
./
fstab
group
passwd
shadow
sent 2581 bytes received 91 bytes 5344.00 bytes/sec
total size is 5551 speedup is 2.08
[root@test ]# ls /test
abc fstab group passwd shadow
[root@test ]# echo 123 >> /abc/group
[root@test ]# rsync -avz /abc/ /test
sending incremental file list
group
sent 668 bytes received 31 bytes 1398.00 bytes/sec
total size is 5555 speedup is 7.95
[root@test ]# touch /test/test.txt
[root@test ]# rsync -avz --delete /abc/ /test
sending incremental file list
./
deleting abc/shadow
deleting abc/passwd
deleting abc/group
deleting abc/fstab
deleting abc/
deleting test.txt
sent 87 bytes received 15 bytes 204.00 bytes/sec
total size is 5555 speedup is 54.46
rsync+ssh同步
下行：rsync [...] user@host:遠程目錄
上行：rsync [...] 本地目錄 user@host:遠程目錄
[root@test ~]# ls /abc/
fstab group passwd shadow
[root@test ~]# rsync -avz --delete /abc/ [email protected]:/opt/
[email protected]'s password:
sending incremental file list
./
deleting rh/
fstab
group
passwd
shadow
sent 2590 bytes received 91 bytes 766.00 bytes/sec
[root@pc207 ~]# ls /opt/
fstab group passwd shadow
實時同步
1.密碼驗證取消，采用公鑰 私鑰 驗證
[root@test ~]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
45:3d:84:d0:ac:08:4b:9b:84:a5:b4:fc:47:eb:7f:98 [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| .o. .+.+. |
| o.o+ .+ o |
| +o =.. .. . |
| .+..... |
| . o S |
| o |
| . o |
| .E . |
| .. |
+-----------------+
[root@test ~]# ls /root/.ssh #公私鑰存放地址
id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts
[root@test ~]# ssh-copy-id [email protected]
[root@pc207 ~]# ls /root/.ssh
authorized_keys
2.驗證
[root@test ~]# ssh [email protected]
Last login: Thu Nov 16 20:07:55 2017 from 192.168.4.254
[root@pc207 ~]# exit
3.inotify實時監控目錄，內容是否變化
inotify-tools-3.13.tar.gz
[root@test ~]# rm -rf /opt/*
[root@test ~]# tar -xf /tools/inotify-tools-3.13.tar.gz -C /opt/
[root@test ~]# ls /opt/
inotify-tools-3.13
[root@test ~]# cd /opt/inotify-tools-3.13/
[root@test inotify-tools-3.13]# ./configure
[root@test inotify-tools-3.13]# make
[root@test inotify-tools-3.13]# make install
[root@test inotify-tools-3.13]# inotifywait
No files specified to watch!
inotify基本用法
inotifywait [選項 ] 目標文件
常用選項
-m：
-r
-q
-e
[root@test /]# inotifywait -mrq /opt/
/opt/ CREATE 1.txt
/opt/ OPEN 1.txt
/opt/ ATTRIB 1.txt
/opt/ CLOSE_WRITE,CLOSE 1.txt
/opt/ CREATE 2.txt
/opt/ OPEN 2.txt
/opt/ ATTRIB 2.txt
/opt/ CLOSE_WRITE,CLOSE 2.txt
^C
[root@test /]#
Shell腳本
[root@test ~]# vim /root/look.sh
#!/bin/bash
while inotifywait -rqq /abc
do
rsync -az --delete /abc/ [email protected]:/opt/
done
[root@test ~]# chmod +x /root/look.sh
[root@test ~]# /root/look.sh &
[1] 19200
rsync 同步命令