用C#編寫Linux守護進程
如果要在Red Hat Enterprise Linux上將.NET Core進程作為後臺進程運行,則可以創建自定義systemd單元。今天我將為.NET Core編寫兩個自定義系統單元的例子。一個是運行.NET Core控制臺應用程序的一種類型,另一個是運行ASP.NET Core Web應用程序的簡單類型。
控制臺應用程序
建立一個應用程序
您可以用dotnet run
在systemd中使用指定項目目錄作為工作目錄。但是,我們來構建一個二進制文件並將其用於systemd。用dotnet new 命令創建您的項目後編輯Program.cs如下。
1 using System;2 using System.IO; 3 4 namespace ConsoleApplication 5 { 6 public class Program 7 { 8 public static void Main(string[] args) 9 { 10 var path = Path.GetTempFileName(); 11 File.WriteAllText(path, "Hello Temp File!"); 12 Console.WriteLine($"Wrote temp file: {path}"); 13 } 14 } 15 }
然後用dotnet publish
命令發布項目。你會看到bin/<Configuration>/<Framework>目錄下的二進制文件
。
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$ dotnet publish -c Release
Publishing ConsoleApp for .NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1
Project ConsoleApp (.NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1) was previously compiled. Skipping compilation. publish: Published to /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish
Published 1/1 projects successfully
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創建一個自定義的systemd
首先,創建一個運行守護進程和工作目錄的用戶。
$ sudo useradd -s /sbin/nologin dotnetuser $ sudo mkdir /var/SystemdExample $ sudo cp /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/* /var/SystemdExample $ sudo chown -R dotnetuser:dotnetuser /var/SystemdExample
然後在/etc/systemd/system/
目錄下創建一個自定義的systemd單元文件。文件名應該是<unit-name>.<unit-type>
。我創建的目錄和文件名為:/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service
。
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[Unit]
Description=Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd
DefaultDependencies=no
[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=no
ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll
WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdExample
User=dotnetuser
Group=dotnetuser
[install]
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您應該在ExecStart中指定dotnet的完整路徑。以上是紅帽提供的.NET Core 1.1的情況。然後你可以用systemctl
命令執行守護進程。您可以使用systemctl status
命令或journalctl
命令查看控制臺輸出。
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$ sudo systemctl start netcore-console-example.service
$ sudo systemctl status netcore-console-example.service
● netcore-console-example.service - Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2017-02-24 00:29:16 JST; 13s ago
Process: 18075 ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 18075 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd...
Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18075]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp
Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd.
$ journalctl -u netcore-console-example.service -e
Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd...
Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18075]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp
Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd.
$ sudo cat /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp
Hello Temp File!
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使用PrivateTemp
在上述系統單元中,程序在臨時文件夾下寫入一個文件。你有時想寫一個來自其他用戶的臨時文件是安全的。您可以在[Service]
section中的指定使用PrivateTemp。
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[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=no
ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll
WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdExample
User=dotnetuser
Group=dotnetuser
PrivateTemp=true
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重新加載單元文件後,程序可以像前一樣訪問/tmp
目錄,但這不是實際的/tmp
目錄。
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$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl start netcore-console-example.service
$ sudo systemctl status netcore-console-example.service
● netcore-console-example.service - Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2017-02-24 00:35:46 JST; 12s ago
Process: 18415 ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 18415 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd...
Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18415]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp
Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd.
$ ls /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp
ls: cannot access /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp: No such file or directory
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Web應用程序
建立一個應用程序
現在我們來構建一個ASP.NET Core Web應用程序。今天我使用默認的模板項目。
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$ dotnet new -t web
Created new C# project in /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp.
$ dotnet restore
** snipped**
log : Restore completed in 9721ms.
$ dotnet publish -c Release
Publishing WebApp for .NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1
** snipped **
publish: Published to /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish
Published 1/1 projects successfully
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現在可以用dotnet命令運行。
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$ dotnet bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/WebApp.dll
info: Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.DataProtectionServices[0]
User profile is available. Using ‘/home/tatanaka/.aspnet/DataProtection-Keys‘ as key repository; keys will not be encrypted at rest.
Hosting environment: Production
Content root path: /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp
Now listening on: http://localhost:5000
Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
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創建一個自定義的systemd
為這個Web應用程序也指定dotnetuser名稱。
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$ sudo mkdir /var/SystemdExample
$ sudo cp -R bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/* /var/SystemdWebExample
$ sudo chown -R dotnetuser:dotnetuser /var/SystemdWebExample
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然後創建一個自定義的systemd單元文件/etc/systemd/system/netcore-web-example.service
。
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[Unit]
Description=Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd
DefaultDependencies=no
Wants=network.target # network is required
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet WebApp.dll
WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdWebExample
Restart=always
RestartSec=10 # Restart service after 10 seconds if dotnet service crashes
SyslogIdentifier=dotnet-example
User=dotnetuser
Group=dotnetuser
PrivateTmp=true
Environment=ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Production # specify environment variable for environment
Environment=ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://*:8080 # specify environement variable for listening port
[Install]
WantedBy = multi-user.target
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最後,您可以將ASP.NET Core應用程序作為Linux守護程序運行。請註意,此應用程序偵聽端口8080代替了ASP.NET Core 默認的 5000,因為我在ASPNETCORE_URLS
單元文件中指定了環境變量 。
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$ systemctl start netcore-web-example.service
[tatanaka@localhost WebApp]$ systemc^C
[tatanaka@localhost WebApp]$ sudo systemctl status netcore-web-example.service
[sudo] password for tatanaka:
● netcore-web-example.service - Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-web-example.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-02-25 01:02:12 JST; 11s ago
Main PID: 7041 (dotnet)
CGroup: /system.slice/netcore-web-example.service
└─7041 /opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet WebApp.dll
Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd.
Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd...
Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.DataProtectionServices[0]
Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: User profile is available. Using ‘/home/dotnetuser/.aspnet/DataProtection-Keys‘ as key repository; keys will not be encrypted at rest.
Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Hosting environment: Production
Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Content root path: /var/SystemdWebExample
Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Now listening on: http://*:8080
Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
$ journalctl -u netcore-web-example -xf
-- Logs begin at Mon 2017-02-20 11:58:31 JST. --
Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware[2]
Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Sending file. Request path: ‘/images/banner4.svg‘. Physical path: ‘/var/SystemdWebExample/wwwroot/images/banner4.svg‘
Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[2]
Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request finished in 0.1973ms 200 image/svg+xml
Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[1]
Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request starting HTTP/1.1 GET http://localhost:8080/favicon.ico
Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware[2]
Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Sending file. Request path: ‘/favicon.ico‘. Physical path: ‘/var/SystemdWebExample/wwwroot/favicon.ico‘
Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[2]
Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request finished in 0.5824ms 200 image/x-icon
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然而這對於ASP.NET Core的生產使用來說是不夠的。你可能需要設置一個反向代理服務器,比如Jexus,nginx,防火墻等等。
Writing a Linux daemon in C#
用C#編寫Linux守護進程