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用C#編寫Linux守護進程

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如果要在Red Hat Enterprise Linux上將.NET Core進程作為後臺進程運行,則可以創建自定義systemd單元。今天我將為.NET Core編寫兩個自定義系統單元的例子。一個是運行.NET Core控制臺應用程序的一種類型,另一個是運行ASP.NET Core Web應用程序的簡單類型。

控制臺應用程序

建立一個應用程序

您可以用dotnet run在systemd中使用指定項目目錄作為工作目錄。但是,我們來構建一個二進制文件並將其用於systemd。用dotnet new 命令創建您的項目後編輯Program.cs如下。

 1 using System;
2 using System.IO; 3 4 namespace ConsoleApplication 5 { 6 public class Program 7 { 8 public static void Main(string[] args) 9 { 10 var path = Path.GetTempFileName(); 11 File.WriteAllText(path, "Hello Temp File!"); 12 Console.WriteLine($"
Wrote temp file: {path}"); 13 } 14 } 15 }

然後用dotnet publish命令發布項目你會看到bin/<Configuration>/<Framework>目錄下的二進制文件

1 2 3 4 5 $ dotnet publish -c Release Publishing ConsoleApp for .NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1 Project ConsoleApp (.NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1) was previously compiled. Skipping compilation.
publish: Published to /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish Published 1/1 projects successfully

創建一個自定義的systemd

首先,創建一個運行守護進程和工作目錄的用戶。

$ sudo useradd -s /sbin/nologin dotnetuser
$ sudo mkdir /var/SystemdExample
$ sudo cp /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/* /var/SystemdExample
$ sudo chown -R dotnetuser:dotnetuser /var/SystemdExample

然後在/etc/systemd/system/目錄下創建一個自定義的systemd單元文件文件名應該是<unit-name>.<unit-type>我創建的目錄和文件名為:/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 [Unit] Description=Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd DefaultDependencies=no [Service] Type=oneshot RemainAfterExit=no ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdExample User=dotnetuser Group=dotnetuser [install]

您應該在ExecStart中指定dotnet的完整路徑。以上是紅帽提供的.NET Core 1.1的情況。然後你可以用systemctl命令執行守護進程您可以使用systemctl status命令或journalctl命令查看控制臺輸出

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $ sudo systemctl start netcore-console-example.service $ sudo systemctl status netcore-console-example.service ● netcore-console-example.service - Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2017-02-24 00:29:16 JST; 13s ago Process: 18075 ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 18075 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd... Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18075]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd. $ journalctl -u netcore-console-example.service -e Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd... Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18075]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd. $ sudo cat /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp Hello Temp File!

使用PrivateTemp

在上述系統單元中,程序在臨時文件夾下寫入一個文件。你有時想寫一個來自其他用戶的臨時文件是安全的。您可以在[Service]section中的指定使用PrivateTemp

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [Service] Type=oneshot RemainAfterExit=no ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdExample User=dotnetuser Group=dotnetuser PrivateTemp=true

重新加載單元文件後,程序可以像前一樣訪問/tmp目錄,但這不是實際的/tmp目錄。

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 $ sudo systemctl daemon-reload $ sudo systemctl start netcore-console-example.service $ sudo systemctl status netcore-console-example.service ● netcore-console-example.service - Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2017-02-24 00:35:46 JST; 12s ago Process: 18415 ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 18415 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd... Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18415]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd. $ ls /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp ls: cannot access /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp: No such file or directory

Web應用程序

建立一個應用程序

現在我們來構建一個ASP.NET Core Web應用程序。今天我使用默認的模板項目。

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ dotnet new -t web Created new C# project in /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp. $ dotnet restore ** snipped** log : Restore completed in 9721ms. $ dotnet publish -c Release Publishing WebApp for .NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1 ** snipped ** publish: Published to /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish Published 1/1 projects successfully

現在可以用dotnet命令運行。

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 $ dotnet bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/WebApp.dll info: Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.DataProtectionServices[0] User profile is available. Using ‘/home/tatanaka/.aspnet/DataProtection-Keys‘ as key repository; keys will not be encrypted at rest. Hosting environment: Production Content root path: /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp Now listening on: http://localhost:5000 Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.

創建一個自定義的systemd

為這個Web應用程序也指定dotnetuser名稱。

1 2 3 $ sudo mkdir /var/SystemdExample $ sudo cp -R bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/* /var/SystemdWebExample $ sudo chown -R dotnetuser:dotnetuser /var/SystemdWebExample

然後創建一個自定義的systemd單元文件/etc/systemd/system/netcore-web-example.service

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 [Unit] Description=Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd DefaultDependencies=no Wants=network.target # network is required After=network.target [Service] ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet WebApp.dll WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdWebExample Restart=always RestartSec=10 # Restart service after 10 seconds if dotnet service crashes SyslogIdentifier=dotnet-example User=dotnetuser Group=dotnetuser PrivateTmp=true Environment=ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Production # specify environment variable for environment Environment=ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://*:8080 # specify environement variable for listening port [Install] WantedBy = multi-user.target

最後,您可以將ASP.NET Core應用程序作為Linux守護程序運行。請註意,此應用程序偵聽端口8080代替了ASP.NET Core 默認的 5000,因為我在ASPNETCORE_URLS單元文件中指定了環境變量

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 $ systemctl start netcore-web-example.service [tatanaka@localhost WebApp]$ systemc^C [tatanaka@localhost WebApp]$ sudo systemctl status netcore-web-example.service [sudo] password for tatanaka: ● netcore-web-example.service - Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-web-example.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-02-25 01:02:12 JST; 11s ago Main PID: 7041 (dotnet) CGroup: /system.slice/netcore-web-example.service └─7041 /opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet WebApp.dll Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd. Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd... Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.DataProtectionServices[0] Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: User profile is available. Using ‘/home/dotnetuser/.aspnet/DataProtection-Keys‘ as key repository; keys will not be encrypted at rest. Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Hosting environment: Production Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Content root path: /var/SystemdWebExample Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Now listening on: http://*:8080 Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down. $ journalctl -u netcore-web-example -xf -- Logs begin at Mon 2017-02-20 11:58:31 JST. -- Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware[2] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Sending file. Request path: ‘/images/banner4.svg‘. Physical path: ‘/var/SystemdWebExample/wwwroot/images/banner4.svg‘ Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[2] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request finished in 0.1973ms 200 image/svg+xml Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[1] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request starting HTTP/1.1 GET http://localhost:8080/favicon.ico Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware[2] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Sending file. Request path: ‘/favicon.ico‘. Physical path: ‘/var/SystemdWebExample/wwwroot/favicon.ico‘ Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[2] Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request finished in 0.5824ms 200 image/x-icon

然而這對於ASP.NET Core的生產使用來說是不夠的。你可能需要設置一個反向代理服務器,比如Jexus,nginx,防火墻等等。

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