Centos7下Nginx+Tomcat配置反向代理，使用memcached解決session一致性問題
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-03-03
新版本 desc secure conn prot 多臺 for body 我們 
一、session一致性問題
使用集群方案解決網站高並發問題時，就會部署多臺應用服務器。當用戶第一次通過客戶端（如：瀏覽器）訪問服務器時，服務器會創建對應的session，
使用Nginx反向代理，假如用戶A第一次訪問站點，被反向代理到服務器一處理，服務器一創建對應sessionA記錄信息，用戶A再次訪問站點時，被反向代理到服務二處理，
而服務器二沒有記錄用戶A的session信息，就會新創建sessionB，導致用戶A之前操作丟失。
我們可以通過讓多個服務器統一到同一個地方新建session和取session，來解決session不一致的問題。
二、基於上篇搭建好Nginx+Tomcat環境信息，可以使用memcached解決session一致性問題
Linux下Nginx+Tomcat配置反向代理
三、memcached簡介
Memcached是一個自由開源的，高性能，分布式內存對象緩存系統。
四、配置
1、安裝Memcached，默認端口為11211，並測試
# 安裝memcached，默認端口為11211 yum -y install memcached # 啟動memcached服務 # 老版本啟動memcached服務 service memcached start # 新版本啟動memcached服務 systemctl start memcached.service # 可以使用telnet測試 # 安裝telnet yum -y install telnet # 測試 telnet 127.0.0.1 11211
2、上傳jar包到tomcat的lib目錄下，實現讓多個服務器統一到Memcached新建session和取session
jar包可以去github查看下載，地址：https://github.com/magro/memcached-session-manager/wiki/SetupAndConfiguration
3、修改每一個tomcat配置信息
a、為了便於測試，修改/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/conf/server.xml文件，Engine節點添加jvmRoute="tomcat1"（103行左右，多個tomcat修改名字不同）
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1" >
<?xml version=‘1.0‘ encoding=‘utf-8‘?> <!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. --> <!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level. Documentation at /docs/config/server.html --> <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" /> <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" /> --> <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html --> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs--> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" /> <!-- Global JNDI resources Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html --> <GlobalNamingResources> <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users --> <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /> </GlobalNamingResources> <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container", so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level. Documentation at /docs/config/service.html --> <Service name="Catalina"> <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools--> <!-- <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/> --> <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received and responses are returned. Documentation at : Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking) Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 --> <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool--> <!-- <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> --> <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 This connector uses the NIO implementation that requires the JSSE style configuration. When using the APR/native implementation, the OpenSSL style configuration is required as described in the APR/native documentation --> <!-- <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" /> --> <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 --> <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html --> <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie : <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1"> --> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1" > <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at: /docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to) /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) --> <!-- <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/> --> <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords via a brute-force attack --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately available for use by the Realm. --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html --> <!-- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" /> --> <!-- Access log processes all example. Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" --> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server>View Code
b、修改/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/conf/context.xml，實現tomcat到Memcached新建session和取session，在Context節點裏添加如下配置，
memcachedNodes="n1:192.168.182.131:11211"，這個ip需要是自己安裝的Memcached的ip
<Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager" memcachedNodes="n1:192.168.182.131:11211" sticky="false" lockingMode="auto" sessionBackupAsync="false" requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$" sessionBackupTimeout="1000" transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.kryo.KryoTranscoderFactory" />
<?xml version=‘1.0‘ encoding=‘utf-8‘?> <!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. --> <!-- The contents of this file will be loaded for each web application --> <Context> <!-- Default set of monitored resources. If one of these changes, the --> <!-- web application will be reloaded. --> <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource> <WatchedResource>${catalina.base}/conf/web.xml</WatchedResource> <!-- Uncomment this to disable session persistence across Tomcat restarts --> <!-- <Manager pathname="" /> --> <!-- Uncomment this to enable Comet connection tacking (provides events on session expiration as well as webapp lifecycle) --> <!-- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.CometConnectionManagerValve" /> --> <Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager" memcachedNodes="n1:192.168.182.131:11211" sticky="false" lockingMode="auto" sessionBackupAsync="false" requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$" sessionBackupTimeout="1000" transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.kryo.KryoTranscoderFactory" /> </Context>View Code
五、測試
瀏覽器訪問192.168.182.130，ctrl + F5刷新瀏覽器，查看session信息是否和預期一致。
六、tomcat和nginx安裝可以參考個人的隨筆
Linux環境下安裝Tomcat
CentOS7編譯安裝Nginx
yexiangyang
Centos7下Nginx+Tomcat配置反向代理，使用memcached解決session一致性問題