Django 中間件
Django默認的Middleware有七個
:
MIDDLEWARE = [ ‘django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware‘, ‘django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware‘, ‘django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware‘, ‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware‘, ‘django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware‘, ‘django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware‘, ‘django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware‘, ]
流程
process_request -->返回第一個 -->process_view-->view函數-->process_exception-->返回最後一個-->process_response
自定義中間件
中間件最多有五個方法
process_request process_view process_exception process_response procrss_template——response
process_request,process_response
當用戶發起請求的時候會依次經過所有的的中間件,這個時候的請求時process_request,最後到達views的函數中,views函數處理後,在依次穿過中間件,這個時候是process_response,最後返回給請求者。
上述截圖中的中間件都是django中的,我們也可以自己定義一個中間件,我們可以自己寫一個類,但是必須繼承MiddlewareMixin
需要導入
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
in views:
def index(request):print("view函數...") return HttpResponse("OK")
in Mymiddlewares.py:
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse class Md1(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print("Md1請求") def process_response(self,request,response): print("Md1返回") return response class Md2(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print("Md2請求") #return HttpResponse("Md2中斷") def process_response(self,request,response): print("Md2返回") return response
結果:
Md1請求
Md2請求
view函數...
Md2返回
Md1返回
註意:如果當請求到達請求2的時候直接不符合條件返回,即return HttpResponse("Md2中斷"),程序將把請求直接發給中間件2返回,然後依次返回到請求者,結果如下:
Md1請求
Md2請求
Md2返回
Md1返回
process_view
process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs)
Mymiddlewares.py修改如下
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse class Md1(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print("Md1請求") #return HttpResponse("Md1中斷") def process_response(self,request,response): print("Md1返回") return response def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs): print("Md1view") class Md2(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print("Md2請求") return HttpResponse("Md2中斷") def process_response(self,request,response): print("Md2返回") return response def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs): print("Md2view")
結果如下:
Md1請求
Md2請求
Md1view
Md2view
view函數...
Md2返回
Md1返回
最後一個中間的process_request到達路由關系映射之後,返回到中間件1的process_view,然後依次往下,到達views函數,最後通過process_response依次返回到達用戶。
process_view可以用來調用視圖函數:
class Md1(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print("Md1請求") #return HttpResponse("Md1中斷") def process_response(self,request,response): print("Md1返回") return response def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs): # return HttpResponse("hello") response=callback(request,*callback_args,**callback_kwargs) return response
結果如下:
Md1請求
Md2請求
view函數...
Md2返回
Md1返回
註意:process_view如果有返回值,會越過其他的process_view以及視圖函數,但是所有的process_response都還會執行。
process_exception
process_exception(self, request, exception)
示例修改如下:
class Md1(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print("Md1請求") #return HttpResponse("Md1中斷") def process_response(self,request,response): print("Md1返回") return response def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs): # return HttpResponse("hello") # response=callback(request,*callback_args,**callback_kwargs) # return response print("md1 process_view...") def process_exception(self): print("md1 process_exception...") class Md2(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request): print("Md2請求") # return HttpResponse("Md2中斷") def process_response(self,request,response): print("Md2返回") return response def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs): print("md2 process_view...") def process_exception(self): print("md1 process_exception...")View Code
結果如下:
Md1請求
Md2請求
md1 process_view...
md2 process_view...
view函數...
Md2返回
Md1返回
View Code
流程圖如下:
當views出現錯誤時:
將md2的process_exception修改如下:
def process_exception(self,request,exception): print("md2 process_exception...") return HttpResponse("error")
結果如下:
Md1請求
Md2請求
md1 process_view...
md2 process_view...
view函數...
md2 process_exception...
Md2返回
Md1返回
中間件之process_template_response(request, response)
process_template_response(self,request,response)
只有當views函數中返回的對象中具有render方法,是就會直接process_template_responseprocess
Django 中間件