3.6 7.6-7.9聽課筆記
yum更換國內源
操作步驟:
1. 刪除目錄/etc/yum.repos.d/中原有的Base的repos文件
*操作完成後無法再下載包
2. 使用curl –O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo 地址下載需要的repos文件(該操作也可以用wget來完成)
3. 清理原先的yum緩存(yum clean all)
4. 查看列出的可安裝的包(yum list)
安裝擴展源epel
base基礎源
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release 安裝擴展源
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo epel.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel-testing.repo
yum下載rpm包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly
已加載插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
軟件包 zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 已安裝並且是最新版本
無須任何處理
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
*僅下載包但不安裝包(當該包已經安裝時無法下載)
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install zvbi –downloadonly 只下載不安裝
已加載插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
正在解決依賴關系
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 zvbi.x86_64.0.0.2.35-1.el7 將被 安裝
--> 正在處理依賴關系 libpng15.so.15(PNG15_0)(64bit),它被軟件包 zvbi-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在處理依賴關系 libpng15.so.15()(64bit),它被軟件包 zvbi-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 libpng.x86_64.2.1.5.13-7.el7_2 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關系完成
依賴關系解決
===================================================================================
Package 架構 版本 源 大小
===================================================================================
正在安裝:
zvbi x86_64 0.2.35-1.el7 epel 415 k
為依賴而安裝:
libpng x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 base 213 k
事務概要
===================================================================================
安裝 1 軟件包 (+1 依賴軟件包)
總下載量:628 k
安裝大小:1.9 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
(1/2): libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64.rpm | 213 kB 00:00:00
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/zvbi-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm.1985.tmp: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
zvbi-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm.1985.tmp 的公鑰尚未安裝
(2/2): zvbi-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 415 kB 00:00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
總計 651 kB/s | 628 kB 00:00
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/
[root@localhost 7]# cd base
[root@localhost base]# ls
0c34273ad0292747ee5e15c047d3e51c67ca59861a446972db45d71abacc7ad7-primary.sqlite.bz2
9346184be1deb727caf4b1ecf4a7949155da5da74af9b92c172687b290a773df-c7-x86_64-comps.xml.gz
cachecookie
gen
packages
repomd.xml
[root@localhost base]# cd pachages
-bash: cd: pachages: 沒有那個文件或目錄
[root@localhost base]# ls -l
總用量 6052
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6023293 9月 6 05:51 0c34273ad0292747ee5e15c047d3e51c67ca59861a446972db45d71abacc7ad7-primary.sqlite.bz2
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 159667 9月 6 05:51 9346184be1deb727caf4b1ecf4a7949155da5da74af9b92c172687b290a773df-c7-x86_64-comps.xml.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 3月 6 20:08 cachecookie
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 31 3月 6 20:08 gen
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 46 3月 6 20:33 packages
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3735 9月 6 05:51 repomd.xml
[root@localhost base]# cd packages
[root@localhost packages]# ls
libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages libpng包存放在該目錄下
[root@localhost packages]# yum install zvbi --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/ 下載包並指定下載路徑
已加載插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
正在解決依賴關系
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 zvbi.x86_64.0.0.2.35-1.el7 將被 安裝
--> 正在處理依賴關系 libpng15.so.15(PNG15_0)(64bit),它被軟件包 zvbi-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在處理依賴關系 libpng15.so.15()(64bit),它被軟件包 zvbi-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 libpng.x86_64.2.1.5.13-7.el7_2 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關系完成
依賴關系解決
===================================================================================
Package 架構 版本 源 大小
===================================================================================
正在安裝:
zvbi x86_64 0.2.35-1.el7 epel 415 k
為依賴而安裝:
libpng x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 base 213 k
事務概要
===================================================================================
安裝 1 軟件包 (+1 依賴軟件包)
總下載量:628 k
安裝大小:1.9 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@localhost packages]#
[root@localhost packages]#yum reinstall zvbi --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/ 在包已經被安裝時重新下載這個包
源碼包安裝
約定服務器源碼包安裝位置:
/usr/local/src
可以到r.aminglinux.com(輸入後自動跳轉頁面),下載源碼包
[root@localhost src]# ls
httpd-2.2.34 httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.2.34
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE config.layout httpd.spec LICENSE README.platforms
acinclude.m4 configure include Makefile.in README-win32.txt
Apache.dsw configure.in INSTALL Makefile.win ROADMAP
build docs InstallBin.dsp modules server
BuildAll.dsp emacs-style LAYOUT NOTICE srclib
BuildBin.dsp httpd.dep libhttpd.dep NWGNUmakefile support
buildconf httpd.dsp libhttpd.dsp os test
CHANGES httpd.mak libhttpd.mak README VERSIONING
*兩個分別為安裝文檔和說明文檔
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]#
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 指定安裝路徑
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library ...
checking for APR... reconfig
configuring package in srclib/apr now
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configuring APR library
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR Version: 1.5.2
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.34/srclib/apr':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
configure failed for srclib/apr
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# echo $? 如果不知道上一條命令是否執行成功可以使用
1 為1則失敗,為0成功
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# echo $? 指明該命令的上一條命令是正確的
0
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 ./configure是配置的過程,過程中出現問題就會停下報錯,解決問題後再重運行直到配置完全完成
*配置的過程中會生成一個makefile文件,根據該文件進行編譯
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# make 對該目錄下產生的makefile文件進行編譯
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# echo $? 檢測
0
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# make install 將編譯完成的文件放到prefix指定的目錄下
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# ls /usr/local/apache2
bin cgi-bin error icons lib man modules
build conf htdocs include logs manual
發現源碼包安裝的文件都在prefix指定的目錄下,所以若要卸載這個包只要刪除對應的目錄就可以
*源碼包最好到可信任的站點下載,否則可能被攻擊
3.6 7.6-7.9聽課筆記