location語法

location語法格式

location [=|~|~*|^~] uri {
  ....
}

location    [=|~|~*|^~]    uri               {....}
指令        匹配標識       匹配的網站地址    匹配URI後要執行的配置段

~ 與~* 的區別

location官方示例

location = / {
    [ configuration A ]
}
 
location / {
    [ configuration B ]
}
 
location /documents/ {
    [ configuration C ]
}
 
location ^~ /images/ {
    [ configuration D ]
}
 
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {
    [ configuration E ]
}
 

• 說明

"/"                         請求將匹配配置A，
"/index.html"               請求將匹配配置B，
"/documents/document.html"  請求將匹配配置C，
"/images/1.gif"             請求將匹配配置D，
"/documents/1.jpg"          請求將匹配配置E.

按匹配順序

location = / {                  # 精確匹配 /
    [ configuration A ]
}

location ^~ /images/ {          # 匹配常規字符串，不做正則表達式匹配檢查
    [ configuration D ]
}

location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ { # 正則匹配
    [ configuration E ]
}

location /documents/ {          # 匹配常規字符串，如果有正則，則優先匹配正則
    [ configuration C ]
}

location / {                    # 所有location 都不能匹配後的默認匹配
    [ configuration B ]
}
 

• 不同uri及特殊字符組合匹配的順序說明

測試location的訪問

修改返回值

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.maotai.com maotai.com;
        root   html;
        location / {
            return 401;
        }
        location = / {
            return 402;
        }
        location /documents/ {
            return 403;
        }
        location ^~ /images/ {
            return 404;
        }
        location ~* \.（gif|jpg|jpeg）$ {
            return 500;
        }
        access_log logs/access_www.log main;
    }
 

[root@n1 ~]# curl -I -w "%{http_code}\n" -o /dev/null -s  www.maotai.com/documents
401
[root@n1 ~]# curl -I -w "%{http_code}\n" -o /dev/null -s  www.maotai.com
402
[root@n1 ~]# curl -I -w "%{http_code}\n" -o /dev/null -s  www.maotai.com/documents/
403
[root@n1 ~]# curl -I -w "%{http_code}\n" -o /dev/null -s  www.maotai.com/images/1.jpg
404
[root@n1 ~]# curl -I -w "%{http_code}\n" -o /dev/null -s  www.maotai.com/documents/ss.jpg
500

[nginx]location語法