Nginx安裝與配置：默認虛擬主機、用戶認證和域名重定向
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-03-13
Nginx安裝 虛擬主機 重定向 用戶認證 一、Nginx安裝
1、下載並解壓安裝包
[root@zhulinux-02 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@zhulinux-02 src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
[root@zhulinux-02 src]# tar zxf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz2、配置編譯選項
[root@zhulinux-02 src]# cd nginx-1.12.2
[root@zhulinux-02 nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx3、編譯和安裝
[root@zhulinux-02 nginx-1.12.2]# make [root@zhulinux-02 nginx-1.12.2]# make install
4、編寫Nginx啟動腳本並加入系統服務和開機啟動
[root@zhulinux-02 nginx-1.12.2]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx //加入以下內容 #!/bin/bash # chkconfig: - 30 21 # description: http service. # Source Function Library . /etc/init.d/functions # Nginx Settings NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" RETVAL=0 prog="Nginx" start() { echo -n $"Starting $prog: " mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF RETVAL=$? echo return $RETVAL } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp RETVAL=$? echo return $RETVAL } reload() { echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP RETVAL=$? echo return $RETVAL } restart() { stop start } configtest() { $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t return 0 } case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; reload) reload ;; restart) restart ;; configtest) configtest ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}" RETVAL=1 esac exit $RETVAL [root@zhulinux-02 nginx-1.12.2]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx [root@zhulinux-02 nginx-1.12.2]# chkconfig --add nginx //加入系統服務 [root@zhulinux-02 nginx-1.12.2]# chkconfig nginx on //開機啟動
4、更改Nginx配置文件
[root@zhulinux-02 nginx-1.12.2]# > /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf //重定向符號>，單獨使用時，可以吧一個文本文檔快速清空 [root@zhulinux-02 nginx-1.12.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf //寫入以下內容 user nobody nobody; worker_processes 2; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; events { use epoll; worker_connections 6000; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526; server_names_hash_max_size 4096; log_format combined_realip ‘$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]‘ ‘ $host "$request_uri" $status‘ ‘ "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"‘; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 30; client_header_timeout 3m; client_body_timeout 3m; send_timeout 3m; connection_pool_size 256; client_header_buffer_size 1k; large_client_header_buffers 8 4k; request_pool_size 4k; output_buffers 4 32k; postpone_output 1460; client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 256k; client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp; proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp; fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 8k; gzip_comp_level 5; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /usr/local/nginx/html; location ~ \.php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; } } } [root@zhulinux-02 nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx start //啟動nginx [root@zhulinux-02 nginx-1.12.2]# ps aux |grep nginx root 14119 0.0 0.0 20500 628 ? Ss 14:54 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nobody 14120 0.0 0.1 22944 3212 ? S 14:54 0:00 nginx: worker process nobody 14121 0.0 0.1 22944 3212 ? S 14:54 0:00 nginx: worker process root 14123 0.0 0.0 112680 968 pts/0 R+ 14:54 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
6、測試是否正確解析PHP
[root@zhulinux-02 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/test.php //寫入以下內容
<?php
echo "This is a test php page!";
?>
[root@zhulinux-02 ~]# curl localhost/test.php
This is a test php page![root@zhulinux-02 ~]# //出現這個說明解析正常二、Nginx默認虛擬主機
在Nginx中也有默認虛擬主機，跟httpd類似，第一個被Nginx加載的虛擬主機就是默認主機，但和httpd不相同的地方是，它還有一個配置用來標記默認虛擬主機，也就是說，如果沒有這個標記，第一個虛擬主機為默認虛擬主機。
1、修改主配置文件
[root@zhulinux-02 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf //修改為以下內容
#加入這行，意思是/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/下面所有以.conf結尾的都會加載
include vhost/*.conf;
#這裏方便實驗先註釋掉server的內容
# server
# {
# listen 80;
# server_name localhost;
# index index.html index.htm index.php;
# root /usr/local/nginx/html;
# location ~ \.php$
# {
# include fastcgi_params;
# fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
# }
# }
}
2、創建vhost目錄及配置文件
[root@zhulinux-02 ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
[root@zhulinux-02 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# vim zlinux.conf //寫入以下內容
server
{
listen 80 default_server; //有這個標記的就是默認虛擬主機
server_name zlinux.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/default;
}
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/default
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload //重新加載配置文件
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# echo "這是默認主機" > /data/wwwroot/default/index.html
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 zlinux.com
這是默認主機
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 11223.com //訪問一個沒有定義的網址，一會訪問到zlinux.com
這是默認主機三、用戶認證
1、創建一個新的虛擬主機
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# vim linuxtest.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name linuxtest.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/linuxxtest;
location /
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
}
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/linuxtest
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# yum install -y httpd //安裝httpd，也可以用之前編譯安裝的apache2
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd zlinux //-c選項第一創建用戶時使用，否則回清空用戶
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user zlinux
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload兩句核心，auth_basic打開認證，auth_basic_user_file指定用戶密碼文件。生成密碼工具需要借助apache的htpasswd。Nginx不自帶這個工具。
2、驗證
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 linuxtest.com -I
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Tue, 13 Mar 2018 07:38:42 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 195
Connection: keep-alive
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Auth"
//401狀態碼，說明訪問需要驗證
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -u zlinux:123456 linuxtest.com //加上用戶名密碼就能訪問
這是用戶認證測試主機四、域名重定向
Nginx的域名重定向與httpd類似。
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# vim moved.conf
server
{
listen 80;
#nginx可以配置多個主機名，apache只能使用ServerAlias來指定別名
server_name testmoved.com testmoved2.com testmoved3.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/testmoved;
#判斷host是否為test.com
if ($host != ‘test.com‘)
{
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;
}
}
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/testmoved
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# echo "重新定向測試成功" > /data/wwwroot/testmoved/index.html
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 testmoved.com/
重新定向測試成功
[root@zhulinux-02 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 testmoved2.com/ -I
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Tue, 13 Mar 2018 08:07:21 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 185
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://testmoved.com/Nginx安裝與配置：默認虛擬主機、用戶認證和域名重定向