1. 通過函數創建字典
   eg. 將歌手與專輯對應，並儲存在字典當中

def make_ablum(name, album):
    """返回整潔的字典格式"""
    album_details = {‘singer‘: name, ‘album‘: album_name}
    return album_details

#已經定義好了字典，現在可以輸入幾個對應值來檢測
album_details_1 = make_album(‘Jay‘, ‘Fantasy‘)
album_details_2 = make_album(‘Taylor Swift‘, ‘Style‘)
album_details_3 = make_album(‘elva‘, ‘the fifth ave‘)
print(album_details_1)
print(album_details_2)
print(album_details_3)
 

2 在函數中添加可選參數，也就是說，如果添加，則會顯示；若不添加，則自動忽略。
只需要用if語句就可以實現這個功能
eg.在上面的歌手與專輯的對應中，添加個歌曲數量的統計

def make_album(name, album_name, number_of_songs = ""):
#number_of_songs 先用空字符代替
    """將歌曲數設置為可選參數"""
    album_details = {‘singer‘: name, ‘album‘: album_name}
    if number_of_songs: 
        album_details[‘number of songs‘] = number_of_songs
#只要填入歌曲數，則if語句為真，相應的，會在字典中添加
    return album_details
#定義好以後，可以分別用含歌曲數和不含的兩組值來測試

detail_1 = make_album(‘Jay‘, ‘Fantasy‘)
detail_2 = make_album(‘Taylor Swift‘, ‘Style‘, ‘1‘)
print(detail_1)
print(detail_2)
 

3 除了與if語句相結合，同樣也可以與while語句結合，比如下面的例子。通過和while結合，通過用戶自己的輸入，編寫好字典的相關信息。並加入指示，使用戶可以停止該循環：

def make_album(name, album_name, number_of_songs):
    """將歌曲數設置為可選參數，在用while語句通過用戶輸入調用"""
    album_details = {‘singer‘: name, ‘album‘: album_name}
    if number_of_songs:
        album_details[‘number of songs‘] = number_of_songs
    return album_details
#函數定義好以後，就可以與while語句相結合
while True:
    print("\nPlease tell me the details of your favorite album:")
    print("(enter ‘q‘ at any time to quit)")

    name = input("Singer‘s name: ")
    if name == "q":
        break
#break的使用可以使用戶操作停止該循環    
    album_name = input("Favorite album:")
    if album_name == "q":
        break

    number_of_songs = input("How many songs in the album?")
    if number_of_songs == "q":
        break

    album_details = make_album(name, album_name, number_of_songs)

    print("Thanks for the following information!")
    print(album_details)
 

函數與字典，可選參數和while語句結合的簡單應用