主要內容：

==========================================

一、fdisk命令中參數介紹

二、將/dev/sdd整個磁盤劃成一個文件分區

三、刪除整個分區

四、創建兩個分區，分區一200M，分區二800M

五、創建主分區、擴展分區、邏輯分區

六、使用單個分區的方式進行格式化分區

七、掛載分區

八、配置開啟自動掛載分區

九、掛載光驅

==========================================

一、fdisk命令中參數介紹：

Command (m forhelp): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

二、將/dev/sdd 整個磁盤劃成一個文件分區

[root@db01 ~]# fdisk/dev/sdd

Command(m for help): p ###查看分區信息

Disk /dev/sdd: 1073MB, 1073741824 bytes

255 heads, 63sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier:0x0814ae42

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command(m for help): n ###創建分區

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p ###創建主分區

Partition number (1-4): 1 ###分區號為1

First cylinder (1-130, default 1): ###柱面默認為1

Using default value1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130): ###柱面默認為最大130 （即使用全部剩余空間）

Using default value130

Command(m for help): w ###按照以上分區信息寫入磁盤

The partition tablehas been altered!

Calling ioctl() tore-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

三、刪除整個分區

Command(m for help):p ###查看分區信息

Disk /dev/sdd: 1073MB, 1073741824 bytes

255 heads, 63sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier:0x0814ae42

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdd1 1 130 1044193+ 83 Linux

Command(m for help): d ###刪除分區

Selectedpartition1 ###只有一個分區時，默認刪除

Command(m for help): w ###按照以上分區信息寫入磁盤

The partition tablehas been altered!

Calling ioctl() tore-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

四、創建兩個分區，分區一200M，分區二800M

[root@db01 ~]# fdisk/dev/sdd

WARNING:DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') andchange display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command(m for help): n ###創建分區

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p ###創建主分區

Partition number (1-4): 1 ###分區號為1

First cylinder (1-130, default 1): ###柱面默認為1

Using default value1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130):+200M ###該分區分配200M空間

Command(m for help): n ###創建分區

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p ###創建主分區

Partition number (1-4): 2 ###分區號為2

First cylinder (27-130, default 27): ###柱面默認為27

Using default value27

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (27-130, default130): ###柱面默認為最大130（即使用全部剩余空間）

Using default value130

Command (m forhelp): p

Disk /dev/sdd: 1073MB, 1073741824 bytes

255 heads, 63sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier:0x0814ae42

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdd1 1 26 208813+ 83 Linux

/dev/sdd2 27 130 835380 83 Linux

Command(m for help): w ###按照以上分區信息寫入磁盤

The partition tablehas been altered!

Calling ioctl() tore-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

五、創建主分區、擴展分區、邏輯分區

[root@db01 ~]# fdisk/dev/sdd

WARNING:DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') andchange display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command(m for help): n ###創建分區

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p ###創建主分區

Partition number (1-4): 1 ###分區號為1

First cylinder (1-130, default 1): ###柱面默認為1

Using default value1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130):+200M ###該分區分配200M空間

Command(m for help): n ###創建分區

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

e ###創建擴展分區

Partition number (1-4): 2 ###分區號為2

First cylinder (27-130, default 27): ###柱面默認為27

Using default value27

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (27-130, default130): ###柱面默認為最大130 （即使用全部剩余空間）擴展分區必須是剩余全部空間

Using default value130

Command(m for help): n ###創建分區

Command action

l logical (5 or over)

p primary partition (1-4)

l ###創建邏輯分區

First cylinder (27-130, default 27): ###柱面默認為27

Using default value27

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (27-130, default 130):+200M ###該分區分配200M空間

Command(m for help): n ###創建分區

Command action

l logical (5 or over)

p primary partition (1-4)

l ###創建邏輯分區

First cylinder (53-130, default 53): ###柱面默認為53

Using default value53

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (53-130, default 130):+200M ###該分區分配200M空間

Command(m for help): n ###創建分區

Command action

l logical (5 or over)

p primary partition (1-4)

l ###創建邏輯分區

First cylinder (79-130, default 79): ###柱面默認為79

Using default value79

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (79-130, default130): ###柱面默認為最大130（即使用全部剩余空間）

Using default value130

Command (m forhelp): p

Disk /dev/sdd: 1073MB, 1073741824 bytes

255 heads, 63sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier:0x0814ae42

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdd1 1 26 208813+ 83 Linux

/dev/sdd2 27 130 835380 5 Extended

/dev/sdd5 27 52 208813+ 83 Linux

/dev/sdd6 53 78 208813+ 83 Linux

/dev/sdd7 79 130 417658+ 83 Linux

Command(m for help):w ###按照以上分區信息寫入磁盤

六、使用單個分區的方式進行格式化分區

[root@db01 ~]# fdisk-l /dev/sdd

Disk /dev/sdd: 1073MB, 1073741824 bytes

255 heads, 63sectors/track, 130 cylinders

Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier:0x0814ae42

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdd1 1 130 1044193+ 83 Linux

[root@db01~]# partprobe /dev/sdd #將分區信息寫入磁盤

[root@db01 ~]# ls-lsa /dev/sdd*

0 brw-rw----. 1 rootdisk 8, 48 Nov 21 11:02 /dev/sdd

0 brw-rw----. 1 rootdisk 8, 49 Nov 21 11:02 /dev/sdd1

格式化分區：

（1）mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdd1 (這種方法不方便，不推薦使用)

（2）mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdd1

[root@db01 ~]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdd1

mke2fs 1.41.12(17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096(log=2)

Fragment size=4096(log=2)

Stride=0 blocks,Stripe width=0 blocks

65280 inodes, 261048blocks

13052 blocks (5.00%)reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystemblocks=268435456

8 block groups

32768 blocks pergroup, 32768 fragments per group

8160 inodes pergroup

Superblock backupsstored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Writing inodetables: done

Creating journal(4096 blocks): done

Writing superblocksand filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem willbe automatically checked every 34 mounts or

180 days, whichevercomes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i tooverride.

七、掛載分區

[root@db01 ~]# mkdir/alexpeng

[root@db01 ~]# mount/dev/sdd1 /alexpeng

[root@db01 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3 45G 4.4G 39G 11% /

tmpfs 1004M 0 1004M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot

/dev/sdb2 79G 184M 75G 1% /oracle

/dev/sdb1 20G 172M 19G 1% /soft

/dev/sdd1 1004M 18M 936M 2% /alexpeng

[root@db01 ~]# cd/alexpeng/

[root@db01alexpeng]# mkdir test

[root@db01alexpeng]# ls

lost+found test

[root@db01alexpeng]# cd test

[root@db01 test]#touch 1

[root@db01 test]# ls

1

[root@db01 test]# cd/

[root@db01 /]#umount /alexpeng/

八、配置開啟自動掛載分區

[root@db01 /]# vi/etc/fstab

UUID=3e8b0960-23d2-48f3-8661-3f24ce85e9e6/ ext4 defaults 1 1

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

/dev/sdd1 /alexpeng ext4 defaults 0 0

測試配置是否正確

[root@db01 /]#umount /alexpeng/

[root@db01 /]# mount/alexpeng/

如果不正確出現以下信息：

[root@db01 /]# mount/alexpeng/

mount: can't find/alexpeng/ in /etc/fstab or /etc/mtab

註：（1）tmpfs類型：臨時文件，默認為內存的一半，調優時根據實際進行調整。

（2）UUID 是mkfs執行時生成的ID

[root@db01 /]# lsblk -f ##fstab中的UUID來自以下文件

NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT

sr0

sda

|-sda1 ext4 303c8d3c-ec73-418b-8ad4-6fbf541b65b0/boot

|-sda2 swap e64234e4-fe04-4d35-ada4-d8be48ceef4f[SWAP]

`-sda3 ext4 3e8b0960-23d2-48f3-8661-3f24ce85e9e6 /

sdb

|-sdb1 ext4 b630b5c1-fa7f-435e-93ef-374730511674/soft

`-sdb2 ext4 94296492-f293-4409-9dbe-8de35f62d16e/oracle

`-sdd1 ext4 b346b7a3-9a8c-4d83-88d1-1853af298fe2

九、掛載光驅

[root@db01 /]# touch 1.iso ###創建iso格式的文件

[root@db01 /]# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /1.iso /mnt #掛載ISO格式，光驅為回環設備 。此處為文件系統類型錯誤。

mount: wrong fstype, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0,

missing codepage or helper program, orother error

In some cases useful info is found insyslog - try

dmesg | tail or so

[root@db01 /]#

[root@db01 /]# mount-t iso9660 /1.iso /mnt

mount: /1.iso is nota block device (maybe try `-o loop'?)

[root@db01/]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt ###掛載光驅

mount: block device/dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@db01/]# cd /mnt ###檢查是否掛載成功

[root@db01 mnt]# ls

EFI EULA_pt RELEASE-NOTES-de-DE.html RELEASE-NOTES-ko-KR.html RELEASE-NOTES-te-IN.html images

......

[root@db01 /]# umount /dev/cdrom ###卸載光驅。 umount /mnt 也可以卸載光驅

[root@db01 /]#

[root@db01/]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt ###掛載光驅

mount: block device/dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@db01 /]#

[root@db01/]# eject /dev/cdrom ###彈出光驅

fdisk命令 實戰案例