95.更改MySQL的root用戶密碼,MySQL基本操作的常用命令
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-03-26
MYSQL更改MySQL的root用戶密碼
1、首次進入數據庫
[root@sdwaqw ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye 首次進入數據庫使用了絕對路徑，直接使用mysql命令是不行的，因為/usr/local/mysql/bin/不再PATH這個環境變量裏。還有在首次進入數據庫時，密碼為空。退出時，輸入quit或者exit即可。
2、把mysql命令絕對路徑加入環境變量
[root@sdwaqw ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin //臨時加入環境變量，重啟就會失效 [root@sdwaqw ~]# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile //追加到profile文件中，使環境變量永久生效 [root@sdwaqw ~]# source /etc/profile //重新加載配置 [root@sdwaqw ~]# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql>
3、設置和更改root密碼
[root@sdwaqw ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password ‘123456‘ //在實際生產環境中請勿設置如此簡單的密碼 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@sdwaqw ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password ‘123456‘ Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@sdwaqw ~]# mysql -uroot //設置好密碼之後，再次使用之前的登錄密令就報錯了 ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: NO) [root@sdwaqw ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 //輸入密碼後再登錄，-p選項後面直接跟密碼，不能有空格 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye [root@sdwaqw ~]# mysql -uroot -p //-p後面不加密碼，以交互的形式輸入密碼 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 7 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> exit Bye [root@sdwaqw ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password ‘sdwaqw‘ //修改密碼 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@sdwaqw ~]# mysql -uroot -psdwaqw //使用新密碼登錄 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> 4、忘記root密碼時的操作 [root@sdwaqw ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf # For advice on how to change settings please see# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It‘s a template which will be copied to the# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL. [mysqld] skip-grant //在[mysqld]下加入該字段 [root@sdwaqw ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart //重啟mysql Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@sdwaqw ~]# mysql -uroot //現在就無需密碼了 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql; //切換數據庫 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> update user set password=password(‘sdwaqw123456‘) where user=‘root‘; //更新密碼 Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0 mysql> exit Bye [root@sdwaqw ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf //刪除skip-grant字段 [root@sdwaqw ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart //重啟 Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@sdwaqw ~]# mysql -uroot //無法登陸了 ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: NO) [root@sdwaqw ~]# mysql -uroot -psdwaqw123456 //使用新密碼登錄 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> exit Bye
二、連接數據庫
[root@sdwaqw ~]# mysql -uroot -p -h192.168.242.128 -P3306 //-P指定端口， -h指定ip進行登錄
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@sdwaqw ~]# mysql -uroot -p -S/tmp/mysql.sock //使用sock登錄，只適用於本地連接，等同於“mysql -uroot -p123456”
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> exit
Bye三、MySQL基本操作的常用命令
查詢當前所有庫：show databases;
切換庫： use mysql;
查看庫裏的表： show tables;
查看表所有字段： desc tb_name; //tb_name表示字段名
查看建表語句： show create table tb_name\G; //\G表示由豎排顯示（示的更加有條理）
查看當前用戶： select user();
查看當前使用的數據庫： select databsase();
創建庫： create database db1;
創建表： use db1; create table t1(id int(4), name char(40));
查看當前數據庫版本： select version();
查看數據庫狀態： show status;
查看各參數 ：show variables; show variables like ‘max_connect%‘;
修改參數： set global max_connect_errors=1000;
查看隊列：show processlist; show full processlist;
簡單演示：
[root@sdwaqw ~]# mysql -uroot -p -S/tmp/mysql.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+| Database |
+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || test |
+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+| columns_priv || db || event || func || general_log || help_category || help_keyword || help_relation || help_topic || innodb_index_stats || innodb_table_stats || ndb_binlog_index || plugin || proc || procs_priv || proxies_priv || servers || slave_master_info || slave_relay_log_info || slave_worker_info || slow_log || tables_priv || time_zone || time_zone_leap_second || time_zone_name || time_zone_transition || time_zone_transition_type || user |
+---------------------------+28 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc func;
+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name | char(64) | NO | PRI | | || ret | tinyint(1) | NO | | 0 | |
| dl | char(128) | NO | | | || type | enum(‘function‘,‘aggregate‘) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| mysql |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
95.更改MySQL的root用戶密碼,MySQL基本操作的常用命令