linux

淺談RHEL7和RHEL6的主要變化
RHEL7RHEL6文件系統XFSEXT4內核版本3.10.x-x系列2.6.x-x系列內核名稱MaipoSantiago發布時間2014-06-09（3.10.0-123）2010-11-09（2.6.32-71）進程名稱systemdinit運行級別runlevel0.target->poweroff.target
runlevel1.target->rescue.target
runlevel2.target->multi-user.target
runlevel3.target->multi-user.target
runlevel4.target->multi-user.target
runlevel5.target->graphical.target
runlevel6.target->reboot.target
/etc/systemd/system/default.targetrunlevel0
runlevel1
runlevel2
runlevel3
runlevel4
runlevel5
runlevel6
/etc/inittab主機名稱/etc/hostname/etc/sysconfig/network最大文件500TB16TB檢查工具xfs.repaire2fsck啟動工具GRUB2GRUB0.97服務啟動SystemdUpstart服務管理systemctl enable xxx.service
systemctl start xxx.service
systemctl stop xxx.service
systemctl restart xxx.service
兼容chkconfig，service命令service enable xxx.service
service stop xxx.service
service start xxx.service
chkconfig --level 3 5 nfs on防火墻Firewalld兼容IptablesIptables網絡綁定Team DriverBonding網絡時間Chrony，ntpdntpdNFS版本NFS4.1 支持NFSv3，NFSv4.0，NFSv4.1客戶端NFS4集群管理工具PacemakerRgmanager負載均衡工具Keepalived，HAProxyRgmanager桌面環境GNOME3,KDE4.10GNOME2數據庫MariaDBMySQLRHEL7和RHEL6的管理命令和配置文件的變化訂閱信息RHEL7RHEL6
訂閱信息工具subscription-manager identity/etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid
subscription-manager identity配置訂閱信息subscription-manager rhn_registerrhn_register rhnreg_ks subscription-manager identity基本配置RHEL7RHEL6GUI配置工具gnome-control-centersystem-config-*網絡配置工具nmcli nmtui nm-connection-editorsystem-config-network語言配置工具localectlsystem-config-language時間配置工具timedatectl datesystem-config-date date時間同步ntpdate /etc/chrony.confntpdate /etc/ntp.conf鍵盤配置localectlsystem-config-keyboard服務管理RHEL7RHEL6服務列表systemctl -at service
ls /{usr/lib,etc}/systemd/system/*.servicechkconfig
ls /etc/init.d/服務啟動systemctl start name.serviceservice name start服務停止systemctl stop name.serviceservice name stop服務查看systemctl status name.serviceservice name status服務重啟systemctl restart name.serviceservice name restart服務開機自啟systemctl enable name.servicechkconfig name on服務開機不自啟systemctl disable name.servicechkconfig name off添加服務systemctl daemon-reloadachkconfig --add服務列表查看systemctl -t service --state=activeservice --status-all查看運行級別systemctl get-defaultrunlevel修改運行級別systemctl isolate name.target
init runlevelinit runlevel日誌文件/etc/rsyslog.conf
/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf
/var/log/journal/
/etc/systemd/journald.conf/etc/rsyslog.conf查看日誌文件/var/log//var/log/journalctl內核硬件RHEL7RHEL6啟動提示符append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdlineappend 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline關閉系統systemctl shutdownshutdown關閉電源systemctl poweroffpoweroff掛起系統systemctl halthalt重啟系統systemctl rebootreboot修改運行級別systemctl set-default/etc/inittab配置GRUB/etc/default/grub
grub2-mkconfig
grub-set-default/boot/grub/grub.conf軟件管理RHEL7RHEL6安裝軟件包yum install
yum group installyum install
yum groupinstall查看軟件包yum info
yum group infoyum info
yum groupinfo文件系統RHEL7RHEL6建立文件系統fdisk parted gdiskfdisk partedLVM管理vgextend lvextend xfs_growfsvgextend lvextend resize2fs網絡接口配置RHEL7RHEL6配置名稱/etc/hosts
/etc/resolv.conf
nmcli conmod/etc/hosts
/etc/resolv.conf主機名稱配置/etc/hostname
hostnamectl
nmcli/etc/sysconfig/networkIp地址配置ip addr
nmcli dev
show
teamdctl
brctl
bridgeip add
ifconfig
brctl配置防火墻firewall-cmd
firewall-configiptables&ip6tables
/etc/sysconfig/ip*tables
system-config-firewall查看端口命令ss
lsofnetstat
ss
lsof

淺談RHEL7和RHEL6的主要變化