1.去官網下載二進制包

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

2.創建用於啟動mysql的賬號和組

#getent group mysql > /dev/null || groupadd mysql
#getent passwd mysql > /dev/null || useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql

3.解壓包至/usr/local

#tar xvf mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
 

4.創建軟鏈接mysql指向解壓後的目錄

#cd /usr/local/
#ln -sv mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

5.修改mysql文件夾所屬者和所屬組

#chown -R mysql.mysql mysql/

6.添加PATH至環境變量中

#echo ‘PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH‘ >> /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

檢查文件
#cat /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

加載環境變量文件 並檢查
#source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
#echo $PATH
 

7.創建數據庫存放文件夾和相關文件並修改權限

# mkdir -pv /data/mysqldb/3306/{logs,bin-logs,run,data}
# touch /data/mysqldb/3306/run/mysqld.pid
# touch /data/mysqldb/3306/logs/mysql-error.log
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysqldb/ -R
# chmod -R 770 /data/mysqldb/
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysqldb/
# chmod -R 770 /data/mysqldb

文件沒有創建的話，啟動Mysql時將會報錯
 

8.修改配置文件

#vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysqldb/3306/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
log-bin = /data/mysqldb/3306/bin-logs/mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
symbolic-links=0
innodb_file_per_table = 1
skip_name_resolve = 1
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 2
pid-file = /data/mysqldb/3306/run/mysqld.pid
log-error = /data/mysqldb/3306/logs/mysql-error.log
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB

[mysqld_safe]

# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

9.初始化數據庫

# cd /usr/local/mysql
# bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldb/3306/data

10.復制啟動服務腳本至/etc/init.d目錄（小坑）

使用二進制安裝包裏面的support-files/mysql.server這個啟動腳本死活不能啟動，報以下錯誤
Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysqldb/3306/run/mysqld.pid).
無奈之下，去mysql官網下載一個mysql的源碼包，使用裏面的mysql.server就沒問題。呵呵。
#cp mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

11.添加開機啟動

# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig mysqld on

#chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

12.啟動mysql服務

#service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

13.檢查確認

檢查3306端口是否開啟

#ss -ntl | grep 3306
LISTEN     0      50                        *:3306                     *:*

確認版本

# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.39, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

14.進行安全配置

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

按提示操作即可

15.客戶端連接

#mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 14
Server version: 5.6.39-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

CentOS 7.4 自定義單實例 二進制方式 安裝mysql5.6.39