'dict_values' object does not support indexing, Python字典dict中由value查key
Python字典dict中由value查key
眾所周知,字典dict最大的好處就是查找或插入的速度極快,並且不想列表list一樣,隨著key的增加越來越復雜。但是dict需要占用較大的內存空間,換句話說,字典dict是以空間換速度。詳細請見如下示例:
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
student = {‘小萌‘: ‘1001‘, ‘小智‘: ‘1002‘, ‘小強‘: ‘1003‘, ‘小明‘: ‘1004‘}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
由key查value很簡單,直接調用:dict [‘key‘],如下:
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> student [‘小強‘]
結果顯示:‘1003‘
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
但如果此時,我們想由value查找key,則會相對復雜一點,一般來說可通過如下3種方式實現:
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. 充分利用 keys() 、values()、index() 函數
>>> list (student.keys()) [list (student.values()).index (‘1004‘)]
結果顯示: ‘小明‘
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. 通過定義get_key函數的方式
>>> def get_key (dict, value):
return [k for k, v in dict.items() if v == value]
>>> get_key (student, ‘1002‘)
結果顯示:‘小智‘
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C. 將原字典dict進行反轉得新字典new_dict,由原來的K-V存儲形式,變為V-K存儲形式
>>> new_dict = {v : k for k, v in dict.items()}
>>> new_dict [‘1001‘]
結果顯示:‘小萌‘
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
雖然我們可以通過以上方式獲得由value查找key的目的,但是我們必須明確一點:在字典dict中,key值是唯一的,且不可變;而value可以隨意取值,且不唯一。之所以強調這一點,是因為在利用上述方法時,會出現失效的情況。如下所示:
假設此時原字典student發生了一些變化,變為:
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
student = {‘小萌‘: ‘1001‘, ‘小智‘: ‘1002‘, ‘小強‘: ‘1003‘, ‘小明‘: [‘1004‘, ‘1005‘]}
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
那麽再次調用上述3種方法,由value查key時,則出現:
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> list (student.keys()) [list (student.values()).index (‘1004‘)]
結果顯示:ValueError: ‘1004‘ is not in list
因為value不唯一,key—‘小明‘ 對應了兩個value,且他們以list形式存儲著,所以如果只取其中一個value值是無法查找對應的key值,必須將多個value值組成的list視為一個整體,即:
>>> list (student.keys()) [list (student.values()).index ([‘1004‘, ‘1005‘])]
結果顯示:‘小明‘
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> def get_key (dict, value):
return [k for k, v in dict.items() if v == value]
>>> get_key (student, ‘1004‘)
結果顯示:[ ]
>>> get_key (student, [‘1004‘, ‘1005‘])
結果顯示:‘小明‘
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> new_dict = {v : k for k, v in dict.items()}
回車後系統報錯:TypeError: unhashable type: ‘list‘
由於key不可變且唯一,當K-V反轉以後,key—‘小明‘ 對應了兩個value組成的list,反過來就變成了key,即此時由list充當key,因為list是可變動的,所以這在Python中是不允許的。python中dict根據value找到keyname
ShortestImageName=Cost_list.keys()[Cost_list.values().index(min(Cost_list.values()))]‘dict_values‘ object does not support indexing
In Python 3, dict.values()
(along with dict.keys()
and dict.items()
) returns a view
, rather than a list. See the documentation here. You therefore need to wrap your call to dict.values()
in a call to list
like so:
v = list(d.values()) {names[i]:v[i] for i in range(len(names))}
The immediate answer is that a dict‘s values
method returns a non-indexable object, as the error indicates. You can get around that by passing to to list:
list(word_centroid_map.values())
But really you‘d do better to rewrite your loop like this:
for key, value word_centroid_map.items():
if value == cluster:
words.append(key)
Or even better, use a list comprehension:
words = [k for k, v in word_centroid_map.items() if v == cluster]
'dict_values' object does not support indexing, Python字典dict中由value查key