Docker跨主機通信網絡
跨主機網絡方案包括:
docker
原生的overlay
和macvlan
。
第三方方案:常用的包括flannel、weave 和 calico
。
(1)準備 Overlay 網絡實驗環境
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker run -d -p 8500:8500 -h consul --name consul progrium/consul -server -bootstrap [root@linux-node1 ~]# netstat -tulnp |grep 8500 tcp6 0 0 :::8500 :::* LISTEN 61092/docker-proxy- 容器啟動後,可以通過 http://192.168.56.110:8500 訪問 Consul。
接下來修改 node1 和 node2 的 docker daemon 的配置文件/var/lib/systemd/system/docker.service。 --cluster-store 指定 consul 的地址。 --cluster-advertise 告知 consul 自己的連接地址。 [root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service ...... ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd-current --add-runtime docker-runc=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current --default-runtime=docker-runc --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd --userland-proxy-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-proxy-current --seccomp-profile=/etc/docker/seccomp.json --cluster-store=consul://192.168.56.110:8500 --cluster-advertise=eth0:2376 $OPTIONS ...... [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl restart docker node1 和 node2 將自動註冊到 Consul 數據庫中。
(2)創建 overlay 網絡
在 node1 中創建 overlay 網絡 ov_net1: [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker network create -d overlay ov_net1 #-d overlay 指定 driver 為 overaly。 [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker network ls #查看當前網絡 NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE 8eb7fd71a52c bridge bridge local 6ba20168e34f host host local 4e896f9ac4bc none null local d9652d84d9de ov_net1 overlay global [root@linux-node2 ~]# docker network ls #查看當前網絡 NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE 94a3bc259414 bridge bridge local f8443f6cb8d2 host host local 2535ab8f3493 none null local d9652d84d9de ov_net1 overlay global node2 上也能看到 ov_net1。這是因為創建 ov_net1 時 node1 將 overlay 網絡信息存入了 consul,node2 從 consul 讀取到了新網絡的數據。之後 ov_net 的任何變化都會同步到 node1 和 node2。 [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker network inspect ov_net1 #查看 ov_net1 的詳細信息 [ { "Name": "ov_net1", "Id": "d9652d84d9de6d1145c77d0254c90164b968f72f2eda4aee43d56ab03f8530ed", "Created": "2018-04-19T21:50:29.128801226+08:00", "Scope": "global", "Driver": "overlay", "EnableIPv6": false, "IPAM": { "Driver": "default", "Options": {}, "Config": [ { "Subnet": "10.0.0.0/24", "Gateway": "10.0.0.1" } ] }, "Internal": false, "Attachable": false, "Containers": {}, "Options": {}, "Labels": {} } ]
(3) overlay 中運行容器
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker run -itd --name bbox1 --network ov_net1 busybox
340f748b06786c0f81c3e26dd9dbd820dafcdf73baa9232f02aece8d4c89a73b
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker exec bbox1 ip r #查看容器的網絡配置
default via 172.18.0.1 dev eth1
10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0 scope link src 10.0.0.2
172.18.0.0/16 dev eth1 scope link src 172.18.0.2
bbox1
有兩個網絡接口eth0
和eth1
。eth0 IP
為10.0.0.2
,連接的是overlay
網絡ov_net1
。eth1 IP 172.18.0.2
,容器的默認路由是走eth1
,eth1
是哪兒來的呢?其實,
docker
會創建一個bridge
網絡 “docker_gwbridge
”,為所有連接到overlay
網絡的容器提供訪問外網的能力。
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
8eb7fd71a52c bridge bridge local
751bd423a345 docker_gwbridge bridge local
6ba20168e34f host host local
4e896f9ac4bc none null local
d9652d84d9de ov_net1 overlay global
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker network inspect docker_gwbridge
[
{
"Name": "docker_gwbridge",
"Id": "751bd423a345a7beaa6b4cbf2a69a7687e3d8b7e656952090c4b94aec54ec1b5",
"Created": "2018-04-21T16:11:57.684140362+08:00",
"Scope": "local",
"Driver": "bridge",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": null,
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "172.18.0.0/16",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Attachable": false,
"Containers": {
"340f748b06786c0f81c3e26dd9dbd820dafcdf73baa9232f02aece8d4c89a73b": {
"Name": "gateway_340f748b0678",
"EndpointID": "64cd599aaa2408ca0a1e595264e727b09d26482ba4d2aa18d97862ed29e23b51",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
"IPv4Address": "172.18.0.2/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
}
},
"Options": {
"com.docker.network.bridge.enable_icc": "false",
"com.docker.network.bridge.enable_ip_masquerade": "true",
"com.docker.network.bridge.name": "docker_gwbridge"
},
"Labels": {}
}
]
從
docker network inspect docker_gwbridge
輸出可確認docker_gwbridge
的 IP 地址範圍是172.18.0.0/16
,當前連接的容器就是bbox1(172.18.0.2)
。
而且此網絡的網關就是網橋docker_gwbridge
的IP 172.17.0.1
。
[root@linux-node1 ~]# ifconfig docker_gwbridge
docker_gwbridge: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.18.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
inet6 fe80::42:e4ff:feb8:22cb prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 02:42:e4:b8:22:cb txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
這樣容器 bbox1 就可以通過 docker_gwbridge 訪問外網。
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker exec bbox1 ping -c 2 www.baidu.com
PING www.baidu.com (58.217.200.112): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 58.217.200.112: seq=0 ttl=127 time=32.465 ms
64 bytes from 58.217.200.112: seq=1 ttl=127 time=32.754 ms
--- www.baidu.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 32.465/32.609/32.754 ms
(4)overlay 如何實現跨主機通信?
[root@linux-node2 ~]# docker run -itd --name bbox2 --network ov_net1 busybox
[root@linux-node2 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
68c81b90fb86 busybox "sh" 2 days ago Up 2 days bbox2
[root@linux-node2 ~]# docker exec bbox2 ip r
default via 172.18.0.1 dev eth1
10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0 scope link src 10.0.0.3
172.18.0.0/16 dev eth1 scope link src 172.18.0.2
##bbox2 IP 為 10.0.0.3,可以直接 ping bbox1
[root@linux-node2 ~]# docker exec bbox2 ping -c 3 bbox1
PING bbox1 (10.0.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: seq=0 ttl=64 time=154.064 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.789 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.539 ms
--- bbox1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.539/51.797/154.064 ms
docker
會為每個overlay
網絡創建一個獨立的network namespace
,其中會有一個linux bridge br0
,endpoint
還是由veth pair
實現,一端連接到容器中(即 eth0
),另一端連接到namespace
的br0
上。
br0
除了連接所有的endpoint
,還會連接一個vxlan
設備,用於與其他host
建立vxlan tunnel
。容器之間的數據就是通過這個tunnel
通信的。邏輯網絡拓撲結構如圖所示:
(5)overlay 是如何隔離的?
不同的
overlay
網絡是相互隔離的。我們創建第二個overlay
網絡ov_net2
並運行容器bbox3
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker run -itd --name bbox3 --network ov_net2 busybox
946def609a7b183f68b8398b35fd3f72dc28bff47cc2ba63467f266fde297d5a
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker exec -it bbox3 ip r
default via 172.18.0.1 dev eth1
10.0.1.0/24 dev eth0 scope link src 10.0.1.2 ##bbox3的ip為10.0.1.2
172.18.0.0/16 dev eth1 scope link src 172.18.0.4
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker exec -it bbox3 ping -c 2 10.0.0.3 #bbox3無法ping通bbox2
PING 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3): 56 data bytes
^C
--- 10.0.0.3 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
如果要實現 bbox3 與 bbox2 通信,可以將 bbox3 也連接到 ov_net1。
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker network connect ov_net1 bbox3
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker exec -it bbox3 ping -c 2 10.0.0.3
PING 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.0.0.3: seq=0 ttl=64 time=34.110 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.3: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.745 ms
--- 10.0.0.3 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.745/17.427/34.110 ms
docker
默認為overlay
網絡分配 24 位掩碼的子網(10.0.X.0/24)
,所有主機共享這個subnet
,容器啟動時會順序從此空間分配IP
。當然我們也可以通過--subnet
指定 IP 空間。
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker network create -d overlay --subnet 10.22.1.0/24 ov_net3a111191fa67e500015a2f3ab8166793d23f0adef4d66bfcee81166127915ff9f
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
8eb7fd71a52c bridge bridge local
751bd423a345 docker_gwbridge bridge local
6ba20168e34f host host local
4e896f9ac4bc none null local
d9652d84d9de ov_net1 overlay global
667cc7ef7427 ov_net2 overlay global
a111191fa67e ov_net3 overlay global
Docker跨主機通信網絡