靜態路由及實驗配置
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-05-02
靜態路由靜態路由是指由用戶或者網絡管理員手動配置的路由信息。當網絡的拓撲結構或者鏈路的狀態發生變化時，網絡管理員需要手工修改路由表中相關的靜態路由信息。靜態路由信息在缺省情況下是私有的，不會傳遞給其他的路由器。一般來說，靜態路由用於網絡規模較小、拓撲結構相對固定的網絡中。
靜態路由的特點
- 允許對路由的行為進行精確的控制。由於靜態路由是手工配置的，因此管理員可以通過靜態路由來控制數據包在網絡中的流動。
- 靜態路由是單向的。也就是說如果希望實現雙向的通信，必須在通信雙方配置雙向的靜態路由。
- 靜態路由的不足之處是缺乏靈活性。靜態路由雖然能夠對包通過路由器的路徑對數據包進行精確控制，但同時也限制了它的靈活性。
實驗環境
GNS 3 模擬器
實驗拓撲圖
配置命令
路由器R1
R1>en R1#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R1(config)#int f0/0 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 #配置接口IP地址 R1(config-if)#no shut #開啟接口 R1(config-if)#ex *Mar 1 00:06:18.167: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:06:19.167: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R1(config)#int f0/1 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 #配置接口IP地址 R1(config-if)#no shut #開啟接口 R1(config-if)#ex *Mar 1 00:06:36.879: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:06:37.879: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 #添加路由 R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 #添加路由 R1(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 R1(config)#
路由器R2
R2>en R2#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R2(config)#int f0/0 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 #配置接口IP地址 R2(config-if)#no shut #開啟接口 R2(config-if)#ex R2(config)#int f0/ *Mar 1 00:08:49.555: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:08:50.555: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R2(config)#int f0/1 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 #配置接口IP地址 R2(config-if)#no shut #開啟接口 R2(config-if)#ex R2(config)#ip route *Mar 1 00:09:09.459: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:09:10.459: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1 #添加路由 R2(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 #添加路由 R2(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2 S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 R2(config)#
路由器R3
R3>en
R3#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#int f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 #配置接口IP地址
R3(config-if)#no shut #開啟接口
R3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#int f0
*Mar 1 00:06:18.167: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:06:19.167: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R3(config)#int f0/1
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 #配置接口IP地址
R3(config-if)#no shut #開啟接口
R3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#ip
*Mar 1 00:06:36.879: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:06:37.879: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 #添加路由
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 #添加路由
R3(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R3(config)#實驗結果
靜態路由及實驗配置