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React從入門到放棄之前奏(1):webpack4簡介

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接觸webpack是好久之前的事情了,最近看了下webpack沒想到都到4了。

webpack 是一個現代 JavaScript 應用程序的靜態模塊打包器(module bundler).

會創建1個依賴關系圖(dependency graph),包含所有依賴的模塊,然後將模塊打包成1個或多個bundle.

webpack4 仍然支持高度可配,但完全可以不用配置文件了(基於mode)。

核心配置:

  • 入口(entry):
  • 輸出(output):
  • loader:
  • 插件(plugins):

基本特性

Entry

入口起點(entry point)指示 webpack 應該使用哪個模塊,來作為構建其內部依賴圖的開始。

可以通過在 webpack 配置中配置 entry 屬性,來指定一個入口起點(或多個入口起點)。默認值為 ./src/index.js

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
    entry: {
        main: './src/index.js'
    },
};

Output

output 屬性告訴 webpack 在哪裏輸出它所創建的 bundles,以及如何命名這些文件,默認值為./dist/[name].js

webpack.config.js

const path = require('path');

module
.exports = { entry: './src/index.js', output: { path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'), filename: '[name].js' } };

Loader

loader 讓 webpack 能夠去處理那些非 JavaScript 文件(webpack 自身只理解 JavaScript)。

loaders 有2個核心參數:

  1. test 屬性,用於標識出需要轉換的某個或某些文件。
  2. use 屬性,表示進行轉換時,應該使用哪個 loader。
const
path = require('path'); const config = { output: { filename: 'bundle.js' }, module: { rules: [ { test: /\.txt$/, use: 'raw-loader' } ] } }; module.exports = config;

Plugins

插件的範圍包括,從打包優化和壓縮,一直到重新定義環境中的變量。插件接口功能極其強大,可以用來處理各種各樣的任務。

webpack.config.js

const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin'); // 通過 npm 安裝
const webpack = require('webpack'); // 用於訪問內置插件

const config = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      { test: /\.txt$/, use: 'raw-loader' }
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin(),
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({template: './src/index.html'})
  ]
};

module.exports = config;

Mode

通過選擇 development 或 production 之中的一個,來設置 mode 參數

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  mode: 'production'
};

mode.js

// webpack.development.config.js
module.exports = {
+ mode: 'development'
- plugins: [
-   new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin(),
-   new webpack.DefinePlugin({ "process.env.NODE_ENV": JSON.stringify("development") }),
- ]
}
// webpack.production.config.js
module.exports = {
+  mode: 'production',
-  plugins: [
-    new UglifyJsPlugin(/* ... */),
-    new webpack.DefinePlugin({ "process.env.NODE_ENV": JSON.stringify("production") }),
-    new webpack.optimize.ModuleConcatenationPlugin(),
-    new webpack.NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin()
-  ]
}

常用插件

HtmlWebpackPlugin:

Options

const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: 'src/index.html', minify: true, hash: true })

CleanWebpackPlugin:

const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');

new CleanWebpackPlugin(['dist'])

MiniCssExtractPlugin(ExtractTextPlugin):

new MiniCssExtractPlugin({ filename: "[name].css",chunkFilename: "[id].css" })

module: {
    rules: [{
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [
            MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
            'css-loader'
        ]}
    ]
}

SplitChunksPlugin:

module.exports = {
    mode: 'development',
    entry: {
        main: './src/index.js',
        vendors: 'lodash'
    },
    optimization: {
        splitChunks: {
            cacheGroups: {
                vendors: {
                    test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,
                    name: "vendors",
                    chunks: "initial"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

配置示例

const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require("mini-css-extract-plugin");

const path = require('path');

module.exports = {
    mode: 'development',
    entry: {
        main: './src/index.js',
    },
    devtool: 'inline-source-map',
    devServer: {
        contentBase: './dist'
    },
    output: {
        path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
        filename: '[name].js',
    },
    module: {
        rules: [{
            test: /\.css$/,
            use: [
                MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
                'css-loader'
            ]
        }, {
            test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
            loader: 'babel-loader',
            options: {
                presets: ['react']
            },
            exclude: /node_modules/
        }]
    },
    plugins: [
        new CleanWebpackPlugin(['dist']),
        new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: 'src/index.html', minify: true, hash: true }),
        new MiniCssExtractPlugin({ filename: "[name].css", chunkFilename: "[id].css" })
    ],
    externals: {
        lodash: '_',
        react: 'React',
        'react-dom': 'ReactDOM'
    },
    optimization: {
        splitChunks: {
            cacheGroups: {
                common: {
                    test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,
                    name: "common",
                    chunks: "initial"
                }
            }
        }
    }
};

React從入門到放棄之前奏(1):webpack4簡介