1.列表
列表的類型是list,特點為有序，具備索引，內容與長度可以變動。要創建列表，可以使用[]直接表示法，列表中每個元素使用逗號分隔開。
列表的常見操作
(1) 元素的切片

names=["Zhangfei","Guanyu","Liubie","Zhaoyun","Machoa","Jiangwei","Mashu","Zhaoyun"]
print(names)
print(names[0])    # 切位置0的元素
print(names[0:4])  #  切出位置0~3的元素
print(names[-1])     # 切出最後一位的元素
print(names[-3:])     # 切片，左取右不取``

print(names[0:-1:2])    # 有間隔的切片

for i in names:
    print(i)           # 循環的切片方法，這個i就代表了列表中的元素
 

(2) 列表的增，改，刪
names.append();names.insert();names.remove();names.pop()

names=["Zhangfei","Guanyu","Liubie","Zhaoyun","Machoa","Jiangwei","Masu","Zhaoyun"]
print(names)

names.append("Zhugelaing")   # [增]-----在列表末尾  追加  諸葛亮
print(names)
names.insert(3,"daqiao")       # [增]-----在列表中的位置3  插入  大喬
print(names)

names[2]="zhouyu"            #[改]----- 將劉備  替換  為周瑜
print(names)   

# names.remove("Masu")      # [刪]-----刪除 馬謖 (有三種常用的方法)
# del names[-3]
print(names.pop(-3))
print(names)
 

(3) 列表的查，統計
names.index();names.count()

names=["Zhangfei","Guanyu","Liubie","Zhaoyun","Machoa","Jiangwei","Masu","Zhaoyun"]
print(names)

print(names.index("Zhaoyun"))         # 獲取下標，趙雲有倆個但是卻只查到了列表裏的第一個？？？？
print(names[names.index("Zhaoyun")])

print(names.count("Zhaoyun") )     #   統計  列表中趙雲的個數

(4) 列表的反轉，排序，合並

names=["Zhangfei","Guanyu","Liubie","Zhaoyun","Machoa","Jiangwei","Masu","Zhaoyun"]
print(names)
names.reverse()    #  將列表  反轉
print(names)
names.sort()    # 將列表按照默認的utf-8格式  排序
print(names)
names2=["Chaochao","Simayi","Diewei","Xiahuodong","Xuchu"]
names.extend(names2 )       #  合並倆個列表，但是合並的列表仍然存在
print(names)

(5) 列表的復制
names.copy();copy.copy();copy.deepcopy()

import copy  # 需要為深copy引入模塊

names=["Zhangfei","Guanyu","Liubie","Zhaoyun",["zhouyu","daqiao"],"Machoa","Jiangwei","Masu","Zhaoyun"]

names1=names    #  完全就是二者相等

names2=names.copy()   # 淺copy，第二個列表裏其實copy的是一個地址，可以用來實現一個聯合賬戶的功能
names3=copy.copy(names) # 三種不同的實現方法
names4=names[:]

names5=copy.deepcopy(names)   #  深copy一般不用因為會占用更多的空間

names[2]="劉邦"     #  將位置2的元素改為劉邦
names[4][0]="小喬"   # 將位置4列表裏的位置0元素改為大喬

print(names)   # 比較幾種不同的復制
print(names1)
print(names2)
print(names3)
print(names4)
print(names5)

(6) 列表的清除
names.clear()

names=["Zhangfei","Guanyu","Liubie","Zhaoyun","Machoa","Jiangwei","Masu","Zhaoyun"]
print(names)
names.clear()
print(names)

python的學習筆記/002-3（2018-5-20）