爬取糗事百科段子，頁面的URL是 http://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/

1. 使用requests獲取頁面信息，用XPath 做數據提取

2. 獲取每個帖子裏的用戶頭像鏈接、用戶姓名、段子內容、點贊次數和評論次數

 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 2 import requests
 3 from lxml import etree
 4 
 5 def loadPage(url):
 6     headers = {
 7         ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36
 
‘,
 8         ‘Accept-Language‘: ‘zh-CN,zh;q=0.8‘}
 9     try:
10         response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
11         resHtml = response.text
12         html = etree.HTML(resHtml)
13         result = html.xpath(‘//div[contains(@id,"qiushi_tag")]‘)
14         for site in result:
15             item = {}
 
16             imgUrl = site.xpath(‘./div/a/img/@src‘)[0].encode(‘utf-8‘)
17             #username = site.xpath(‘.//img/@alt‘)[0].encode(‘utf-8‘)
18             username = site.xpath(‘.//h2‘)[0].text
19             content = site.xpath(‘.//div[@class="content"]/span‘)[0].text.strip().encode(‘utf-8‘)
20             #
 
 投票次數
21             vote = site.xpath(‘.//i‘)[0].text
22             #print site.xpath(‘.//*[@class="number"]‘)[0].text
23             # 評論信息
24             comments = site.xpath(‘.//i‘)[1].text
25             print imgUrl, username, content, vote, comments
26     except Exception, e:
27         print e
28 
29 def qiushiSpider(url, beginPage, endPage):
30     """
31         作用：貼吧爬蟲調度器，負責組合處理每個頁面的url
32         url : 貼吧url的前部分
33         beginPage : 起始頁
34         endPage : 結束頁
35     """
36     for page in range(beginPage, endPage + 1):
37         pn = page
38         fullurl = url + str(pn)
39         #print fullurl
40         loadPage(fullurl)
41         #print html
42 
43 if __name__ == "__main__":
44     beginPage = int(raw_input("請輸入起始頁："))
45     endPage = int(raw_input("請輸入結束頁："))
46     #page = 1
47     url = ‘http://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/‘
48     qiushiSpider(url, beginPage, endPage)

保存到 json 文件內

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 
 4 import urllib2
 5 import json
 6 from lxml import etree
 7 
 8 
 9 def loadPage(url):
10     
11     headers = {"User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0;"}
12 
13     request = urllib2.Request(url, headers = headers)
14     html = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
15     # 響應返回的是字符串，解析為HTML DOM模式 text = etree.HTML(html)
16 
17     text = etree.HTML(html)
18     # 返回所有段子的結點位置，contains()模糊查詢方法，第一個參數是要匹配的標簽，第二個參數是標簽名部分內容
19     node_list = text.xpath(‘//div[contains(@id, "qiushi_tag")]‘)
20 
21     items ={}
22     for node in node_list:
23         # xpath返回的列表，這個列表就這一個參數，用索引方式取出來，用戶名
24         username = node.xpath(‘.//img/@alt‘)[0]
25         # 圖片連接
26         image = node.xpath(‘.//div[@class="thumb"]//@src‘)#[0]
27         # 取出標簽下的內容,段子內容
28         content = node.xpath(‘.//div[@class="content"]/span‘)[0].text
29         # 取出標簽裏包含的內容，點贊
30         zan = node.xpath(‘.//i‘)[0].text
31         # 評論
32         comments = node.xpath(‘.//i‘)[1].text
33 
34         items = {
35             "username" : username,
36             "image" : image,
37             "content" : content,
38             "zan" : zan,
39             "comments" : comments
40         }
41 
42         with open("qiushi.json", "a") as f:
43             f.write(json.dumps(items, ensure_ascii = False).encode("utf-8") + "\n")
44 
45 def qiushiSpider(url, beginPage, endPage):
46     """
47         作用：貼吧爬蟲調度器，負責組合處理每個頁面的url
48         url : 貼吧url的前部分
49         beginPage : 起始頁
50         endPage : 結束頁
51     """
52     for page in range(beginPage, endPage + 1):
53         pn = page
54         fullurl = url + str(pn)
55         #print fullurl
56         loadPage(fullurl)
57         #print html
58 
59 if __name__ == "__main__":
60     beginPage = int(raw_input("請輸入起始頁："))
61     endPage = int(raw_input("請輸入結束頁："))
62     #page = 1
63     url = ‘http://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/‘
64     qiushiSpider(url, beginPage, endPage)

糗事百科實例