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20180618_Git分支管裏之解決沖突

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Git分支管裏之解決沖突

感謝廖雪峰老師提供的git教程:

傳送門:

https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000

人生不如意之事十之八九,合並分支往往也不是一帆風順的。

準備新的feature1分支,繼續我們的新分支開發:

$ git checkout -b feature1

Switched to a new branch ‘feature1‘

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修改readme.txt最後一行,改為:

Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.

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feature1分支上提交:

$ git add readme.txt
 
$ git commit -m "AND simple"
[feature1 14096d0] AND simple
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

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切換到master分支:

$ git checkout master
Switched to branch ‘master‘
Your branch is ahead of ‘origin/master‘ by 1 commit.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)

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Git還會自動提示我們當前master分支比遠程的master分支要超前1個提交。

master分支上把readme.txt文件的最後一行改為:

Creating a new branch is quick & simple.

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提交:

$ git add readme.txt 
$ git commit -m "& simple"
[master 5dc6824] & simple
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

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現在,master分支和feature1分支各自都分別有新的提交,變成了這樣:

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這種情況下,Git無法執行“快速合並”,只能試圖把各自的修改合並起來,但這種合並就可能會有沖突,我們試試看:

$ git merge feature1
Auto-merging readme.txt
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in readme.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.

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果然沖突了!Git告訴我們,readme.txt文件存在沖突,必須手動解決沖突後再提交。git status也可以告訴我們沖突的文件:

$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of ‘origin/master‘ by 2 commits.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
 
You have unmerged paths.
  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
  (use "git merge --abort" to abort the merge)
 
Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
 
    both modified:   readme.txt
 
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

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我們可以直接查看readme.txt的內容:

Git is a distributed version control system.
Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
Git has a mutable index called stage.
Git tracks changes of files.
<<<<<<< HEAD
Creating a new branch is quick & simple.
=======
Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.
>>>>>>> feature1

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Git用<<<<<<<=======>>>>>>>標記出不同分支的內容,我們修改如下後保存:

Creating a new branch is quick and simple.

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再提交:

$ git add readme.txt 
$ git commit -m "conflict fixed"
[master cf810e4] conflict fixed

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現在,master分支和feature1分支變成了下圖所示:

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用帶參數的git log也可以看到分支的合並情況:

$ git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit
*   cf810e4 (HEAD -> master) conflict fixed
|\  
| * 14096d0 (feature1) AND simple
* | 5dc6824 & simple
|/  
* b17d20e branch test
* d46f35e (origin/master) remove test.txt
* b84166e add test.txt
* 519219b git tracks changes
* e43a48b understand how stage works
* 1094adb append GPL
* e475afc add distributed
* eaadf4e wrote a readme file

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最後,刪除feature1分支:

$ git branch -d feature1
Deleted branch feature1 (was 14096d0).

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工作完成。

小結

當Git無法自動合並分支時,就必須首先解決沖突。解決沖突後,再提交,合並完成。

解決沖突就是把Git合並失敗的文件手動編輯為我們希望的內容,再提交。

用git log --graph命令可以看到分支合並圖。

20180618_Git分支管裏之解決沖突