看不進其他的就刷英文總之不可嫩閑著
看不進其他的就刷英文總之不可嫩閑著
你沒做錯就不能停下來，不然怎麽懲罰做錯事的人。
Unit 1 Overview of IT Industry
Case Learning
Defining the IT Workforce
There are two distinct elements of the IT workforce:
1) Employment within information technology companies, and 2) IT occupations.
什麽是 IT 勞動力
IT 勞動力來自兩個不同的方面：1 是 IT 公司，2 是 IT 職業。
IT Occupation Employment
• Includes technical occupations, such as software developers, network engineers,
computer support specialists, etc. working in a range of industry verticals, such as
healthcare, education, manufacturing, professional services and others.
• Beyond core IT occupations, there are a range of technology- intense positions on
IT 職業勞動者
• 包括技術職業，例如軟件開發人員、網絡工程師、計算機支持專家等等。
他們工作在各類垂直門戶行業，如醫療、教育、制造、專業服務等。
• 除了核心 IT 職業，還有一系列的技術密集型的外圍崗位，通常稱為知識
型工人。
IT Industry Employment
• Includes technical occupations, such as software developers, network engineers,
computer support specialists, etc.
operations and general management that support and facilitate the operation of IT
companies.
• Typically, technical positions account for 25% to 75% of an IT company’s
workforce. There are a number of factors that affect this rate. For example, a
start-up may initially be comprised of nearly all software architects, programmers
and other technical workers. When the firm scales, it may begin to add sales and
marketing staff, thereby reducing the percentage of technical workers.
IT 行業勞動者
• 包括技術職業，例如軟件開發人員、網絡工程師，計算機支持專家等。
• 包括非技術崗位，如銷售、市場營銷、人力資源、財務、以及運營與管理
等支持和促進 IT 公司運作的崗位。
• 其特點是，技術職位在 IT 公司所有崗位中占的比例從 25%到 75%不等。
影響這一比例的因素有很多。例如，新成立的公司中的首批員工幾乎都是
與軟件工程師、程序員以及其他技術人員構成。隨著公司規模的擴大，可
能開始增加銷售以及營銷人員從而降低技術職位的比例。
IT Occupation Employment – this segment of the IT workforce employs
approximately 4.88 million workers as of year-end 2014. This translates to job
growth of 2.4%, or nearly 116,000 additional IT jobs. The 2014 IT job growth rate
is up slightly over the 2013 rate of 2.1%. To further put into context, 2.1%, or
nearly 100,000 additional IT jobs. In contrast, total job growth across the U.S.
economy in 2013 will likely end up in the 1.5% to 1.8% range.
IT 職業勞動者 --- 這一部分到 2014 年底共雇傭大約 488 萬人，增
加了 11.6 萬個崗位，職位增長 2.4%。 2014 年職位增長略高於 2013
年的 2.1%，即 10 萬個崗位的增加。對比而言，美國整個 2013 年
的所有行業的職位增長在 1.5%到 1.8 之間。
IT occupation employment spans every industry vertical. For example, the IT
department within a hospital will employ a range of senior-, mid- and staff-level IT
workers to ensure physicians, nurses and administrators have reliable access to
computers, networks, applications and so on.
IT 職業勞動者遍布各個垂直門戶行業。例如，某家醫院的 IT 技術
部門會雇傭各類高級、中級以及初級 IT 技術人員以保障醫生、護
士和醫院的行政人員對計算機、網絡以及應用軟件的使用。
Unit 1 Overview of IT Industry
Top IT Growth Occupations in 2014 (Percent Change)
1. Web Developers
2. Information Security Analysts
3. Computer Systems Analysts
4. Software Developers, Applications
5. Software Developers, Systems Software
6. Computer User Support Specialists
7. Computer and Information Systems Managers
8. Database Administrators
2014 年 IT 職業崗位增長排名（按百分比排序）
1. 網頁開發工程師
2. 信息安全分析師
3. 計算機系統分析師
4. 軟件開發師（應用軟件）
5. 軟件開發師（系統軟件）
6. 計算機用戶支持專家
7. 計算機及信息系統管理者
8. 數據庫管理
In addition to core IT positions, there are many technology--‐intense occupations
on the periphery. For example, occupations such as IT project management, health
information technicians, audio/video technicians, technical sales, technical writers,
automated manufacturing computer operators and IT training positions, all require
significant expertise and experience with various aspects of technology. While
these positions are not typically found in an “IT Department” they are an important
component of the IT workforce. Depending on the criteria used, peripheral or
knowledge worker--‐type positions may number between 1 million and several
million additional workers.
除了核心 IT 職位，還有許多周邊技術密集型職位。例如 IT 項目管理、醫療信息
技術人員、音視頻技術人員、技術相關銷售、文員、計算機自動化制造操作員以
及 IT 培訓職位等，都需要不同技術方面的專業知識和經驗。雖然這些職位不屬
於“IT 技術部門”，但確是 IT 勞動力的重要組成部分。由於標準的不同，外圍和知
識密集型崗位還會有 100 萬到幾百萬不等。
Because the need for technology is so pervasive among businesses of all types, it
follows that IT jobs are spread across every region of the country. While tech
Unit 1 Overview of IT Industry
clusters do exist – think Silicon Valley or Silicon Alley, with high concentrations of
IT workers, many unassuming regions have large numbers of IT workers as well.
For example, more than 325,000 IT workers can be found in the Mountain states
region.
On a percent change basis, the states with the fastest IT job growth in 2014 include:
Nevada, Texas, Montana, Florida, North Carolina, North Dakota, Delaware, Utah
and West Virginia. Each of these states experienced job growth of 4.0% or higher.
In comparison, overall core IT job growth reached 2.4%.
由於各個行業對技術的需求不斷增長，IT 技術崗位已遍布全國各個地區。 雖說
存在技術紮堆的情況，如矽谷集中了大量的技術工人，但很多不知名的地區也有
數量龐大的技術工人。例如在美國的山脈州地區就有著超過 32.5 萬名 IT 工人。
根據百分比排序，2014 年 IT 職位增長最快的州包括內華達州、德克薩斯州、蒙
大拿州、佛羅裏達州、北卡羅來州、北達科他州、特拉華州、猶他州以及西弗吉
尼亞州。這些州中，每個州的崗位增長都在 4%及以上。對比而言，整體 IT 技術
職位增長達到 2.4%。
IT Employment Outlook
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the national
unemployment rate stood at 5.5% as of December 2014, down from 6.6% during
the same period in 2013. The U.S. employment situation has slowly and steadily
improved over the past 36 months. The official BLS unemployment rate does not
include discouraged workers – those that have stopped looking for work, as well as
those working part-time but seeking full-time employment. When considering these
segments, the more expansive unemployment and underemployment rate portrays a
less rosy job landscape.
IT 就業前景
美國勞工統計局數據顯示，截止到 2014 年 12 月，全國失業率為 5.5%，與 2013
年同期的 6.6%相比有所下降。在過去的 36 個月裏，美國的就業形勢出現緩慢而
持續的好轉。勞工局的官方失業率並沒有包括怯誌工作者（不想就業的人）以及
一邊做兼職一邊尋求全職職位的人。若考慮到這些因素，失業和未充分就業率會
更高，這使得整個就業情況不容客觀。
The unemployment rate for the BLS computer and mathematical occupation
category, a reasonable approximation of IT occupations, continues to remain far
lower than the national rate. For November 2014, the category recorded an
employment rate of 2.0%, less than half the national rate. This recent percentage is
down from the already low rates of 3.3% in 2013 and 2012.
勞工局對計算機和數學行業（基本上等同於 IT 職業）類別職業統計的失業率仍
然遠低於全國失業率。2014 年 11 月，這一類別的失業率為 2.0%，比全國失業率
的一半還要低。這一最新數據低於 2013 年和 2012 年的 3.3%。
The low unemployment rate for IT workers combined with strong demand for
certain skill sets can make for a challenging hiring environment. 68% of IT
company executives say they expect to face a challenging or very challenging
hiring environment for technical positions in 2015.
IT 技術工人的低失業率以及對某些技術類型工人的強烈需求使得雇用環境相當
具有挑戰性。68%的 IT 企業主管認為在 2015 年技術崗位的招聘將相當具有挑戰
性。
According to Burning Glass Technologies Labor Insights, U.S. businesses posted
job notices for approximately 580,000 core IT jobs during Q4 of 2014, a slight
increase over Q3.
根據美國 BGTLI 的統計，2014 年第四季度，美國企業發布大約 58 萬個核心 IT 技
術職位招聘信息，比第三季度略有增長。
As indicated previously, the total core IT occupation workforce increased by
116,000 jobs in 2014. This explains a portion of the job posting data. Companies
may be expanding or moving into new areas and need to employ more workers.
如前所述，2014 年，核心技術職業勞動力增長了 11.6 萬。這也說明了職位招聘
數據的一部分內容。公司規模可能在擴大或轉行，因此需要雇傭大量員工。
The other factor at play is workforce churn, also referred to as labor turnover. This
may include separations due to workers that retire, leave to pursue over
employment opportunities, leave to pursue additional education, leave for family
reasons, or are fired or laid-off. This helps explain why the number of job postings
exceeds the number of new IT jobs created.
另外一個作用因素是勞動力流失，也叫勞動力流轉。包括退休、跳槽以及進修、
家庭原因的離職或開除、下崗等。這也說明為什麽崗位招聘的數量超過了新增崗
位的數量。
看不進其他的就刷英文總之不可嫩閑著