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nest.js + typeORM:基本使用

PE ram 目錄 config rate eat generated exp 映射

前言

nest是一款兼容typescript和javascript的node.js框架.本文使用nest的一些基本模塊,來搭建一個簡單的web後端CURD應用程序。typeORM是一款比較成熟的對象關系映射器,它是由typescript寫的。nest和typeORM的具體介紹,可以查看官方文檔。

項目搭建

使用CLI搭建project:

 npm i -g @nestjs/cli
 nest new nest-app

這樣就創建了一個nest-app項目,創建完成後,在src文件夾中包含以下幾個核心文件:

src
├── app.controller.ts
├── app.module.ts
└── main.ts

main.ts問項目啟動文件,默認監聽端口3000,根模塊app.module.ts,路由實例app.controller.ts.

現在執行以下命令運行項目:

npm run start

啟動後,在瀏覽器中輸入localhost:3000,可以看到Hello world.

typeORM的使用

安裝typeorm:

npm install --save @nestjs/typeorm typeorm mysql

typeorm支持多種數據庫,本項目使用的是mysql。

創建實體employee和company,文件目錄:

entities
├── employee.entity.ts
├── company.entity.ts

  

import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, ManyToOne, JoinTable } from ‘typeorm‘;
import { Company } from ‘./company.entity‘
@Entity()
export class Employee {
    @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
    id: number

    @Column()
    name: string

    @Column()
    age: number

    @Column()
    address: string

    @ManyToOne(type 
=> Company, company => company.employees, { cascade: true }) @JoinTable() company: Company }

company.entity.ts:

import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, OneToMany } from ‘typeorm‘;
import { Employee } from ‘./employee.entity‘
@Entity()
export class Company {
    @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
    id: number

    @Column()
    name: string

    @OneToMany(type => Employee, employee => employee.company)
    employees: Employee[]
}

在typeorm中都是通過裝飾器來指定對象映射關系,本項目實體中目前主要使用僅使用了自增長主鍵,數據列,一對多關系等基本功能,在定義實體對象之間的關系時,關系一定要清楚,本例使用了cascade,可以用於級聯刪除級聯保存操作。註意:級聯刪除和級聯保存僅在save()時會生效,在insert()時無效。

創建employee模塊

employee
├── employee.controller.ts
├── employee.module.ts
└── employee.service.ts

employee.service.ts:

import { Injectable } from ‘@nestjs/common‘;
import { Employee } from ‘../entities/employee.entity‘
import { InjectRepository } from ‘@nestjs/typeorm‘;
import { Repository } from ‘typeorm‘;
import { Company } from ‘../entities/company.entity‘

@Injectable()
export class EmployeeService {

    constructor(@InjectRepository(Employee)
    private readonly employeeRepository: Repository<Employee>) { }
    root(): string {
        return ‘Hello World!‘;
    }
    async create(): Promise<string> {
        let employee = new Employee();
        let company = new Company();
        company.name = ‘asc‘;
        employee.name = ‘novak‘;
        employee.age = 20;
        employee.address = ‘shanghai‘;
        employee.company = company;

        return this.employeeRepository.save(employee)
            .then(res => {
                return ‘create employee ...done‘
            })
            .catch(err => {
                return err
            });
    }

    async findOne(name: string): Promise<Employee> {
        return await this.employeeRepository.findOne({ name: name });
    }
}
employee.controller.ts: 
import { Get, Controller,Param } from ‘@nestjs/common‘; import { EmployeeService } from ‘./employee.service‘; import { Employee } from ‘entities/employee.entity‘;
@Controller(‘employee‘) export class EmployeeController { constructor(private readonly employeeService: EmployeeService) {}
@Get() root():string{ console.log(123) return this.employeeService.root(); }
@Get(‘findOne/:name‘) async findOne(@Param() params):Promise<Employee>{ console.log(params.name); return this.employeeService.findOne(params.name); }
@Get(‘create‘) async create():Promise<string>{ console.log(‘1323‘) return this.employeeService.create(); } }

employee.module.ts:

import { Module } from ‘@nestjs/common‘;
import { TypeOrmModule } from ‘@nestjs/typeorm‘;
import { EmployeeController } from ‘./employee.controller‘
import { EmployeeService } from ‘./employee.service‘
import { Employee } from ‘../entities/employee.entity‘

@Module({
    imports: [TypeOrmModule.forFeature([Employee])],
    providers: [EmployeeService],
    controllers: [EmployeeController]
})
export class EmployeeModule {
  
}
在employee.module.ts中TypeOrmModule.forFeature()是用於動態獲取模塊對象。在employee.controller.ts使用了基本的路由配置方式。

模塊註入,數據庫連接信息配置

在根目錄中註入employee模塊:

import { Module } from ‘@nestjs/common‘;
import { AppController } from ‘./app.controller‘;
import { AppService } from ‘./app.service‘;
import { TypeOrmModule } from ‘@nestjs/typeorm‘;
import {EmployeeModule} from ‘./employee/employee.module‘

@Module({
  imports: [
    TypeOrmModule.forRoot(),
    EmployeeModule
  ],
  controllers: [AppController],
  providers: [AppService],
})
export class AppModule { }

可以看到,在imports中使用typeormmodule.forRoot()用於動態返回typeormmodule,typeormmodule連接數據庫的方式有多種,可以使用配置文件,也可以在forRoot()中傳入options參數信息,本例使用配置文件,在src目錄下添加ormconfig.json文件:

{
    "type": "mysql",
    "host": "localhost",
    "port": 3306,
    "username": "root",
    "password": "root",
    "database": "nest-app",
    "entities": ["src/**/**.entity{.ts,.js}"],
    "synchronize": true
  }

至此一個基本的帶有employee的創建和查詢功能的service程序已搭建完畢,瀏覽器輸入:localhost:3000/employee/create看看效果吧。

源碼github

歡迎小夥伴多來交流!^_^

nest.js + typeORM:基本使用