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集群介紹,keepalived介紹,用keepalived配置高可用集群

conf global aux prior chmod multicast gre ns3 生產環境

集群介紹
  • 根據功能劃分為兩大類:高可用和負載均衡
  • 高可用集群通常為兩臺服務器,一臺工作,另外一臺作為冗余,當提供服務的機器宕機,冗余將接替繼續提供服務
  • 業內有個綜合評分比如4個九,甚至5個九六個九來衡量服務的高可用,一般大企業的核心業務都有高可用,如果一個機器故障,一分鐘之內就可以切換到另一臺上
  • 實現高可用的開源軟件有:heartbeat、keepalived
  • 負載均衡集群,需要有一臺服務器作為分發器,它負責把用戶的請求分發給後端的服務器處理,在這個集群裏,除了分發器外,就是給用戶提供服務的服務器了,這些服務器數量至少為2
  • 實現負載均衡的開源軟件有LVS、keepalived、haproxy、nginx,商業的有F5、Netscaler

    keepalived介紹

  • 在這裏我們使用keepalived來實現高可用集群,因為heartbeat在centos6上有一些問題,影響實驗效果,並更新不及時
  • keepalived通過VRRP(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocl即虛擬路由冗余協議)來實現高可用。
  • 在這個協議裏會將多臺功能相同的路由器(其實是一臺機器)組成一個小組,這個小組裏會有1個master角色和N(N>=1)個backup角色。
  • master會通過組播的形式向各個backup發送VRRP協議的數據包,當backup收不到master發來的VRRP數據包時,就會認為master宕機了。此時就需要根據各個backup的優先級來決定誰成為新的mater。
  • Keepalived要有三個模塊,分別是core、check和vrrp。其中core模塊為keepalived的核心,負責主進程的啟動、維護以及全局配置文件的加載和解析,check模塊負責健康檢查,vrrp模塊是來實現VRRP協議的。

    用keepalived配置高可用集群

  • 準備兩臺機器130和132,130作為master,132作為backup
  • 兩臺機器都執行yum install -y keepalived
  • 兩臺機器都安裝nginx,其中130上已經編譯安裝過nginx,132上需要yum安裝nginx: yum install -y nginx
    • 之所以選擇nginx,在生產環境中,好多企業把它作為負載均衡器,如果它掛掉,影響後面好多web服務器,所以不能出現單點故障
  • 編輯130上的keepalived配置文件,
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# vim !$
    vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
    global_defs {                      #這個全局定義參數
    notification_email {            #出現問題給郵箱發郵件,
     [email protected]
    }
    notification_email_from [email protected] #由哪一個郵件發送
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
    }
    vrrp_script chk_nginx {        #檢測一個服務是否正常,需要有個腳本
    script "/usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh"
    interval 3   # 3秒檢測一次
    }
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {   # 定義master相關的
    state MASTER       #如果是從就是backup    
    interface ens33    #定義網卡 
    virtual_router_id 51  # 定義路由器的id
    priority 100          #定義權重
    advert_int 1          
    authentication {        #認證相關    
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass aminglinux>com
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {   #定義vip(公有的ip)
        192.168.21.100
    }
    track_script {    #加載服務
        chk_nginx
    }
    }
  • 在130上編輯監控腳本
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    #時間變量,用於記錄日誌
    d=`date --date today +%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S`
    #計算nginx進程數量
    n=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
    #如果進程為0,則啟動nginx,並且再次檢測nginx進程數量,
    #如果還為0,說明nginx無法啟動,此時需要關閉keepalived(防止腦裂)
    if [ $n -eq "0" ]; then
        /etc/init.d/nginx start
        n2=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
        if [ $n2 -eq "0"  ]; then
                echo "$d nginx down,keepalived will stop" >> /var/log/check_ng.log
                systemctl stop keepalived
        fi
    fi
  • 給腳本755權限,並啟動keepalived服務
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh 
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# ps aux |grep keepa
    root      2895  0.0  0.0 118608  1388 ?        Ss   23:20   0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
    root      2896  0.1  0.1 127468  3304 ?        S    23:20   0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
    root      2899  0.3  0.1 127408  2836 ?        S    23:20   0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
    root      2961  0.0  0.0 112676   980 pts/1    S+   23:20   0:00 grep --color=auto keepa
  • 檢測下nginx可以自動加載不
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# ps aux |grep nginx
    root      1016  0.0  0.0  46008  1260 ?        Ss   20:52   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/localnginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    nobody    1017  0.0  0.2  48496  4152 ?        S    20:52   0:00 nginx: worker process
    nobody    1018  0.0  0.2  48496  3896 ?        S    20:52   0:00 nginx: worker process
    root      2982  0.0  0.0 112680   980 pts/1    S+   23:20   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx stop
    Stopping nginx (via systemctl):                            [  確定  ]
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# ps aux |grep nginx
    root      3266  1.0  0.0  46008  1252 ?        Ss   23:22   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/localnginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    nobody    3267  0.0  0.2  48496  3892 ?        S    23:22   0:00 nginx: worker process
    nobody    3268  0.0  0.2  48496  3892 ?        S    23:22   0:00 nginx: worker process
    root      3273  0.0  0.0 112676   984 pts/1    S+   23:22   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
  • 日誌
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# less /var/log/messages
  • 查看vip
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# ip add
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:87:fb:87 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.21.128/24 brd 192.168.21.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.21.100/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::68fd:e6fa:c781:f5a6/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:87:fb:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.110.136/24 brd 192.168.110.255 scope global dynamic ens37
       valid_lft 1278sec preferred_lft 1278sec
    inet6 fe80::c559:4a92:72f1:b448/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  • 132上編輯配置文件

    [root@akuilinux02 ~]# > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
    [root@akuilinux02 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
    global_defs {
    notification_email {
     [email protected]
    }
    notification_email_from [email protected]
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
    }
    vrrp_script chk_nginx {
    script "/usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh"
    interval 3
    }
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass aminglinux>com
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.21.100
    }
    
    track_script {
        chk_nginx
    }
    }
  • 132上編輯監控腳本
    [root@akuilinux02 ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
    #時間變量,用於記錄日誌
    d=`date --date today +%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S`
    #計算nginx進程數量
    n=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
    #如果進程為0,則啟動nginx,並且再次檢測nginx進程數量,
    #如果還為0,說明nginx無法啟動,此時需要關閉keepalived
    if [ $n -eq "0" ]; then
        systemctl start nginx
        n2=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
        if [ $n2 -eq "0"  ]; then
                echo "$d nginx down,keepalived will stop" >> /var/log/check_ng.log
                systemctl stop keepalived
        fi
    fi
  • 給腳本755權限並啟動keepalived
    [root@akuilinux02 ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
    [root@akuilinux02 ~]# systemctl start keepalived

    測試

  • curl或者瀏覽器打開
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# curl [email protected] 
    master,master.
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# curl  [email protected]
    backup,backup.
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# curl  [email protected]
    master,master.
  • 測試高可用
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# curl [email protected]
    backup,backup.
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# systemctl start  keepalived
    [root@akuilinux01 ~]# curl [email protected]
    master,master.

    擴展

  • heartbeat和keepalived比較
  • DRBD工作原理和配置
  • mysql+keepalived

集群介紹,keepalived介紹,用keepalived配置高可用集群