1、自動配置原理：

1）、SpringBoot啟動的時候加載主配置類，開啟了自動配置功能 ==@EnableAutoConfiguration==

2）、@EnableAutoConfiguration 作用：

• 利用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector給容器中導入一些組件？

• 可以查看selectImports()方法的內容；

• List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);獲取候選的配置

SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames()
掃描所有jar包類路徑下  META
 
-INF/spring.factories
把掃描到的這些文件的內容包裝成properties對象
從properties中獲取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class類（類名）對應的值，然後把他們添加在容器中

將 類路徑下 META-INF/spring.factories 裏面配置的所有EnableAutoConfiguration的值加入到了容器中

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapDataAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration
 

每一個這樣的 xxxAutoConfiguration類都是容器中的一個組件，都加入到容器中；用他們來做自動配置；

3）、每一個自動配置類進行自動配置功能；

4）、以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration（Http編碼自動配置）為例解釋自動配置原理；

@Configuration   //表示這是一個配置類，以前編寫的配置文件一樣，也可以給容器中添加組件
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpEncodingProperties.class)  //啟動指定類的ConfigurationProperties功能；將配置文件中對應的值和HttpEncodingProperties綁定起來；並把HttpEncodingProperties加入到ioc容器中
 


@ConditionalOnWebApplication //Spring底層@Conditional註解（Spring註解版），根據不同的條件，如果滿足指定的條件，整個配置類裏面的配置就會生效；    判斷當前應用是否是web應用，如果是，當前配置類生效

@ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class)  //判斷當前項目有沒有這個類CharacterEncodingFilter；SpringMVC中進行亂碼解決的過濾器；

@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)  //判斷配置文件中是否存在某個配置  spring.http.encoding.enabled；如果不存在，判斷也是成立的
//即使我們配置文件中不配置pring.http.encoding.enabled=true，也是默認生效的；
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
  
      //他已經和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了
      private final HttpEncodingProperties properties;
  
   //只有一個有參構造器的情況下，參數的值就會從容器中拿
      public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) {
        this.properties = properties;
    }
  
    @Bean   //給容器中添加一個組件，這個組件的某些值需要從properties中獲取
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判斷容器沒有這個組件？
    public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
        filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
        filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST));
        filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE));
        return filter;
    }

5）、所有在配置文件中能配置的屬性都是在xxxxProperties類中封裝者‘；配置文件能配置什麽就可以參照某個功能對應的這個屬性類

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http.encoding")  //從配置文件中獲取指定的值和bean的屬性進行綁定
public class HttpEncodingProperties {

   public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

精髓：

? 1）、SpringBoot啟動會加載大量的自動配置類

? 2）、我們看我們需要的功能有沒有SpringBoot默認寫好的自動配置類；

? 3）、我們再來看這個自動配置類中到底配置了哪些組件；（只要我們要用的組件有，我們就不需要再來配置了）

? 4）、給容器中自動配置類添加組件的時候，會從properties類中獲取某些屬性。我們就可以在配置文件中指定這些屬性的值；

xxxxAutoConfigurartion：自動配置類；

給容器中添加組件

xxxxProperties:封裝配置文件中相關屬性；

2、細節

1、@Conditional派生註解（Spring註解版原生的@Conditional作用）

作用：必須是@Conditional指定的條件成立，才給容器中添加組件，配置配裏面的所有內容才生效；

自動配置類必須在一定的條件下才能生效；

我們怎麽知道哪些自動配置類生效；

==我們可以通過啟用 debug=true屬性；來讓控制臺打印自動配置報告==，這樣我們就可以很方便的知道哪些自動配置類生效；

=========================
AUTO-CONFIGURATION REPORT
=========================


Positive matches:（自動配置類啟用的）
-----------------

   DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required class ‘org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet‘; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class (OnClassCondition)
      - @ConditionalOnWebApplication (required) found StandardServletEnvironment (OnWebApplicationCondition)
        
    
Negative matches:（沒有啟動，沒有匹配成功的自動配置類）
-----------------

   ActiveMQAutoConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes ‘javax.jms.ConnectionFactory‘, ‘org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory‘ (OnClassCondition)

   AopAutoConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes ‘org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect‘, ‘org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice‘ (OnClassCondition)

Spring boot 自動配置原理