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WPF 動態模擬CPU 使用率曲線圖

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原文:WPF 動態模擬CPU 使用率曲線圖

     在工作中經常會遇到需要將一組數據繪制成曲線圖的情況,最簡單的方法是將數據導入Excel,然後使用繪圖功能手動生成曲線圖。但是如果基礎數據頻繁更改,則手動創建圖形可能會變得枯燥乏味。本篇將利用DynamicDataDisplay  在WPF 中動態模擬CPU 使用率圖表,實現動態生成曲線圖。

     新建項目將DynamicDataDisplay.dll 加載到References 中,打開MainWindow.xaml 添加命名空間xmlns:d3="http://research.microsoft.com/DynamicDataDisplay/1.0"。通過<d3:ChartPlotter> 創建一個圖表框架,在其中添加兩條整型坐標軸,X軸:<d3:HorizontalIntegerAxis>,Y軸:<d3:VerticalIntegerAxis>。<d3:Header> 用來設置圖表名稱,<d3:VerticalAxisTitle> 用來設置Y軸名稱。

<Window x:Class="WpfPerformance.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d3="http://research.microsoft.com/DynamicDataDisplay/1.0"
        Title="CPU Performance" 
Loaded="Window_Loaded" Height="350" Width="525"> <Grid> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> <RowDefinition Height="*"/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <
StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"> <TextBlock Text="CPU Usage" Margin="20,10,0,0" FontSize="15" FontWeight="Bold"/> <TextBlock x:Name="cpuUsageText" Margin="10,10,0,0" FontSize="15"/> </StackPanel> <d3:ChartPlotter x:Name="plotter" Margin="10,10,20,10" Grid.Row="1"> <d3:ChartPlotter.VerticalAxis> <d3:VerticalIntegerAxis /> </d3:ChartPlotter.VerticalAxis> <d3:ChartPlotter.HorizontalAxis> <d3:HorizontalIntegerAxis /> </d3:ChartPlotter.HorizontalAxis> <d3:Header Content="CPU Performance History"/> <d3:VerticalAxisTitle Content="Percentage"/> </d3:ChartPlotter> </Grid> </Window>

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      接下來工作需要通過C#每秒獲取一次CPU使用率,並將這些數據生成坐標點(Point)繪制在圖表中。 以下是MainWindow.xaml.cs 部分的代碼內容。

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Threading;
using Microsoft.Research.DynamicDataDisplay;
using Microsoft.Research.DynamicDataDisplay.DataSources;

namespace WpfPerformance
{
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        private ObservableDataSource<Point> dataSource = new ObservableDataSource<Point>();
        private PerformanceCounter cpuPerformance = new PerformanceCounter();
        private DispatcherTimer timer = new DispatcherTimer();
        private int i = 0;

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void AnimatedPlot(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            cpuPerformance.CategoryName = "Processor";
            cpuPerformance.CounterName = "% Processor Time";
            cpuPerformance.InstanceName = "_Total";

            double x = i;
            double y = cpuPerformance.NextValue();

            Point point = new Point(x, y);
            dataSource.AppendAsync(base.Dispatcher, point);

            cpuUsageText.Text = String.Format("{0:0}%", y);
            i++;
        }

        private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            plotter.AddLineGraph(dataSource, Colors.Green, 2, "Percentage");
            timer.Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);
            timer.Tick += new EventHandler(AnimatedPlot);
            timer.IsEnabled = true;
            plotter.Viewport.FitToView();
        }
    }
}

     通過ObservableDataSource<Point> 動態存儲圖表坐標點,PerformanceCounter 獲取CPU使用率數值,DispatcherTimer 計時器在規定間隔進行取數操作,整型i 作為CPU使用率坐標點的X軸數值。

private ObservableDataSource<Point> dataSource = new ObservableDataSource<Point>();
private PerformanceCounter cpuPerformance = new PerformanceCounter();
private DispatcherTimer timer = new DispatcherTimer();
private int i = 0;

     AnimatedPlot 事件用於構造坐標點,通過設置cpuPerformance 相關參數,並使用NextValue() 方法獲取當前CPU使用率數據作為Y值,整型i 作為X值。將X、Y值構造為坐標點(Point),並通過異步方式存儲在dataSource 中。

private void AnimatedPlot(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    cpuPerformance.CategoryName = "Processor";
    cpuPerformance.CounterName = "% Processor Time";
    cpuPerformance.InstanceName = "_Total";

    double x = i;
    double y = cpuPerformance.NextValue();

    Point point = new Point(x, y);
    dataSource.AppendAsync(base.Dispatcher, point);

    cpuUsageText.Text = String.Format("{0:0}%", y);
    i++;
}

     最後通過Window_Loaded 將事件加載到<Window> 中,AddLineGraph 方法將dataSource 中的坐標點繪制到圖表中,曲線顏色定義為綠色,粗細設置為2,曲線名稱為"Percentage"。設置計時器間隔為1秒,連續執行AnimatedPlot 事件實時繪制新坐標點。

private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    plotter.AddLineGraph(dataSource, Colors.Green, 2, "Percentage");
    timer.Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);
    timer.Tick += new EventHandler(AnimatedPlot);
    timer.IsEnabled = true;
    plotter.Viewport.FitToView();
}
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鼠標右鍵可將圖表拷貝到其他文檔:

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動態演示

鼠標左鍵拖動圖表瀏覽任意位置曲線數據,鼠標中鍵可以縮放顯示曲線圖。

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源代碼下載

WpfPerformance.zip

WPF 動態模擬CPU 使用率曲線圖