題解：

solution

Code：

A. Ascending Rating

#include<cstdio>
const int N=10000010;
int T,n,m,k,P,Q,R,MOD,i,a[N],q[N],h,t;long long A,B;
int main(){
  scanf("%d",&T);
  while(T--){
    scanf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",&n,&m,&k,&P,&Q,&R,&MOD);
    for(i=1;i<=k;i++)scanf("%d",&a[i]);
    for(i=k+1;i<=n;i++)a[i]=(1LL*P*a[i-1]+1LL*Q*i+R)%MOD;
    for(h=1,t=A=B=0,i=n;i;i--){
      while(h<=t&&a[q[t]]<=a[i])t--;
      q[++t]=i;
      if(i+m-1<=n){
        while(q[h]>=i+m)h++;
        A+=i^a[q[h]];
        B+=i^(t-h+1);
      }
    }
    printf("%lld %lld\n",A,B);
  }
}

B. Cut The String

#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int N=100010,S=26;
int T,n,m,i,j,len,x,y,ca,cb,ans;char s[N];
struct AP{
  int s,d,r,f;
  //k*d+s 0<=k<=r
  AP(){}
  AP(int _s,int _d,int _r,int _f){s=_s,d=_d,r=_r,f=_f;}
}a[N],b[N];
struct DS{
  int all,son[N][S],fail[N],len[N],diff[N],top[N],text[N],last,tot,f[N];
  int newnode(int l){
    for(int i=0;i<S;i++)son[tot][i]=0;
    fail[tot]=diff[tot]=top[tot]=0,len[tot]=l;
    return tot++;
  }
  void init(){
    last=tot=all=0;
    newnode(0),newnode(-1);
    text[0]=-1,fail[0]=1;
  }
  int getfail(int x){
    while(text[all-len[x]-1]!=text[all])x=fail[x];
    return x;
  }
  void add(int w){
    w-=‘a‘;
    text[++all]=w;
    int x=getfail(last);
    if(!son[x][w]){
      int y=newnode(len[x]+2);
      int z=son[getfail(fail[x])][w];
      son[x][w]=y;
      fail[y]=z;
      diff[y]=len[y]-len[z];
      if(diff[y]!=diff[z]||len[z]<1)top[y]=y;else top[y]=top[z];
    }
    last=son[x][w];
    f[all]=last;
  }
  void get(int x,AP q[],int&cnt){
    cnt=0;
    x=f[x];
    while(len[x]>0){
      int y=top[x];
      q[++cnt]=AP(len[y],diff[x],(len[x]-len[y])/diff[x],len[x]);
      //printf("! %d %d %d\n",len[y],len[x],diff[x]);
      x=fail[y];
    }
  }
}pre,suf;
ll exgcd(ll a,ll b,ll&x,ll&y){
  if(!b)return x=1,y=0,a;
  ll d=exgcd(b,a%b,x,y),t=x;
  return x=y,y=t-a/b*y,d;
}
inline ll solve(ll a,ll b,ll c,ll xl,ll xr,ll yl,ll yr){
  if(xl>xr)return 0;
  if(yl>yr)return 0;
  if(!a&&!b){
    if(c)return 0;
    return (xr-xl+1)*(yr-yl+1);
  }
  if(!b){
    swap(a,b);
    swap(xl,yl);
    swap(xr,yr);
  }
  if(!a){
    if(c%b)return 0;
    ll y=-c/b;
    if(y<yl||y>yr)return 0;
    return xr-xl+1;
  }
  ll x,y,d=exgcd((a%abs(b)+abs(b))%abs(b),abs(b),x,y);
  if(c%d)return 0;
  x=(x%abs(b)+abs(b))%abs(b)*((((-c)%abs(b))+abs(b))%abs(b)/d)%abs(b/d);
  d=abs(b/d);
  ll kl=(xl-x)/d-3,kr=(xr-x)/d+3;
  while(x+kl*d<xl)kl++;
  while(x+kr*d>xr)kr--;
  ll A=(-yl*b-a*x-c)/(a*d),B=(-yr*b-a*x-c)/(a*d);
  if(A>B)swap(A,B);
  kl=max(kl,A-3);
  kr=min(kr,B+3);
  while(kl<=kr){
    ll y=(-c-a*x-a*d*kl)/b;
    if(yl<=y&&y<=yr)break;
    kl++;
  }
  while(kl<=kr){
    ll y=(-c-a*x-a*d*kr)/b;
    if(yl<=y&&y<=yr)break;
    kr--;
  }
  if(kl>kr)return 0;
  return kr-kl+1;
}
int main(){
  scanf("%d",&T);
  while(T--){
    scanf("%d%d%s",&n,&m,s+1);
    pre.init();
    suf.init();
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)pre.add(s[i]);
    for(i=n;i;i--)suf.add(s[i]);
    while(m--){
      scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
      len=y-x+1;
      pre.get(y,a,ca);
      suf.get(n-x+1,b,cb);
      ans=0;
      for(i=1;i<=ca;i++)for(j=1;j<=cb;j++){
        if(a[i].s+b[j].s>len)continue;
        if(a[i].f+b[j].f<len)continue;
        ans+=solve(a[i].d,b[j].d,a[i].s+b[j].s-len,0,a[i].r,0,b[j].r);
      }
      printf("%d\n",ans);
    }
  }
}

C. Dynamic Graph Matching

#include<cstdio>
const int N=1<<10,P=1000000007;
int T,n,m,all,i,x,y,S,f[N],cnt[N],ans[N];char op[9];
inline void add(int&a,int b){a=a+b<P?a+b:a+b-P;}
inline void sub(int&a,int b){a=a-b>=0?a-b:a-b+P;}
int main(){
  scanf("%d",&T);
  while(T--){
    scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
    all=1<<n;
    for(i=0;i<all;i++)f[i]=0,cnt[i]=__builtin_popcount(i);
    f[0]=1;
    while(m--){
      scanf("%s%d%d",op,&x,&y);
      x--,y--;
      S=(1<<x)|(1<<y);
      if(op[0]==‘+‘){
        for(i=all-1;~i;i--)if(!(i&S))add(f[i^S],f[i]);
      }else{
        for(i=0;i<all;i++)if(!(i&S))sub(f[i^S],f[i]);
      }
      for(i=1;i<=n;i++)ans[i]=0;
      for(i=1;i<all;i++)add(ans[cnt[i]],f[i]);
      for(i=2;i<=n;i+=2)printf("%d%c",ans[i],i<n?‘ ‘:‘\n‘);
    }
  }
}

D. Euler Function

#include<cstdio>
int T,k;
int main(){
  scanf("%d",&T);
  while(T--){
    scanf("%d",&k);
    if(k==1)puts("5");else printf("%d\n",5+k);
  }
}

E. Find The Submatrix

#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int N=10010;
const ll inf=1LL<<60;
int T,n,m,X,Y,i,j,k,pool[N];ll a[N],f[4][2][N],g[4][2][N],ans;
inline void up(ll&a,ll b){a<b?(a=b):0;}
inline void clr(){
  for(i=0;i<=Y;i++)for(j=0;j<2;j++)for(k=0;k<=X;k++)g[i][j][k]=-inf;
}
inline void nxt(){
  for(i=0;i<=Y;i++)for(j=0;j<2;j++)for(k=0;k<=X;k++)f[i][j][k]=g[i][j][k];
}
void solve1(int o,int l,int r,int dl,int dr){
  int mid=(l+r)>>1,dm=dl;
  ll ret=-inf;
  for(int i=dl;i<=dr&&i<=mid;i++){
    ll now=f[o][0][i];
    if(mid-i<=m)now+=a[mid-i];
    if(now>ret)ret=now,dm=i;
  }
  up(g[o][0][mid],ret);
  if(l<mid)solve1(o,l,mid-1,dl,dm);
  if(r>mid)solve1(o,mid+1,r,dm,dr);
}
void solve2(int o,int l,int r,int dl,int dr){
  int mid=(l+r)>>1,dm=dl;
  ll ret=-inf;
  for(int i=dl;i<=dr&&i<=mid;i++){
    ll now=f[o][1][i];
    if(mid-i<=m)now+=a[mid-i];
    if(now>ret)ret=now,dm=i;
  }
  up(g[o+1][0][mid],ret);
  if(l<mid)solve2(o,l,mid-1,dl,dm);
  if(r>mid)solve2(o,mid+1,r,dm,dr);
}
int main(){
  scanf("%d",&T);
  while(T--){
    scanf("%d%d%d%d",&n,&m,&X,&Y);
    clr();
    nxt();
    f[0][1][0]=0;
    while(n--){
      for(i=1;i<=m;i++)scanf("%d",&pool[i]);
      sort(pool+1,pool+m+1);
      a[0]=0;
      for(i=1;i<=m;i++)a[0]+=pool[i];
      for(i=1;i<=m;i++)a[i]=a[i-1]-pool[i];
      clr();
      for(i=0;i<=Y;i++)solve1(i,0,X,0,X);
      for(i=0;i<Y;i++)solve2(i,0,X,0,X);
      for(i=0;i<=Y;i++)for(k=0;k<=X;k++){
        up(g[i][1][k],f[i][0][k]);
        up(g[i][1][k],f[i][1][k]);
      }
      nxt();
    }
    ans=0;
    for(i=0;i<=Y;i++)for(j=0;j<2;j++)for(k=0;k<=X;k++)up(ans,f[i][j][k]);
    printf("%lld\n",ans);
  }
}

F. Grab The Tree

#include<cstdio>
int T,n,i,x,y,sum;
int main(){
  scanf("%d",&T);
  while(T--){
    scanf("%d",&n);
    sum=0;
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)scanf("%d",&x),sum^=x;
    for(i=1;i<n;i++)scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
    puts(sum?"Q":"D");
  }
}

G. Interstellar Travel

#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int N=200010;
int T,n,t,i,f[N];bool must[N];
struct P{int x,y,p;}a[N],q[N];
inline bool cmp(const P&a,const P&b){
  if(a.x!=b.x)return a.x<b.x;
  if(a.y!=b.y)return a.y>b.y;
  return a.p<b.p;
}
int main(){
  scanf("%d",&T);
  while(T--){
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
      scanf("%d%d",&a[i].x,&a[i].y);
      a[i].p=i;
    }
    sort(a+1,a+n+1,cmp);
    for(t=0,i=1;i<=n;i++){
      if(i>1&&a[i].x==a[i-1].x)continue;
      while(t>1&&1LL*(q[t].y-q[t-1].y)*(a[i].x-q[t].x)<1LL*(a[i].y-q[t].y)*(q[t].x-q[t-1].x))t--;
      q[++t]=a[i];
    }
    for(i=1;i<=t;i++)must[i]=0;
    must[1]=must[t]=1;
    for(i=2;i<t;i++)if(1LL*(q[i].y-q[i-1].y)*(q[i+1].x-q[i].x)!=1LL*(q[i+1].y-q[i].y)*(q[i].x-q[i-1].x))must[i]=1;
    for(i=t;i;i--)if(must[i])f[i]=q[i].p;else f[i]=min(f[i+1],q[i].p);
    for(i=1;i<t;i++)if(f[i]==q[i].p)printf("%d ",f[i]);
    printf("%d\n",f[t]);
  }
}

H. Monster Hunter

#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int N=100010;
int T,n,i,x,y,g[N],v[N<<1],nxt[N<<1],ed,f[N],vis[N],del[N],pos;
struct P{
  ll a,b;//- a then + b
  P(){}
  P(ll _a,ll _b){a=_a,b=_b;}
  bool operator<(const P&o)const{//true means bigger
    int sgn1=a<b,sgn2=o.a<o.b;
    if(sgn1!=sgn2)return sgn1<sgn2;
    if(a<b)return a>o.a;
    return b<o.b;
  }
  void operator+=(const P&o){
    ll na=max(a,a-b+o.a),nb=b+o.b-a-o.a+na;
    a=na,b=nb;
  }
}a[N];
typedef pair<int,int>PI;
typedef pair<P,PI>PII;
priority_queue<PII>q;
inline void add(int x,int y){v[++ed]=y;nxt[ed]=g[x];g[x]=ed;}
void dfs(int x,int y){
  f[x]=y;
  for(int i=g[x];i;i=nxt[i])if(v[i]!=y)dfs(v[i],x);
}
int F(int x){return del[f[x]]?f[x]=F(f[x]):f[x];}
int main(){
  scanf("%d",&T);
  while(T--){
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(ed=pos=i=0;i<=n;i++)vis[i]=del[i]=g[i]=0;
    a[1]=P(0,0);
    for(i=2;i<=n;i++)scanf("%lld%lld",&a[i].a,&a[i].b);
    for(i=1;i<n;i++)scanf("%d%d",&x,&y),add(x,y),add(y,x);
    dfs(1,0);
    for(i=2;i<=n;i++)q.push(PII(a[i],PI(0,i)));
    while(!q.empty()){
      PII t=q.top();
      q.pop();
      x=t.second.second;
      if(del[x])continue;
      if(t.second.first!=vis[x])continue;
      del[x]=1;
      y=F(x);
      a[y]+=a[x];
      if(y>1)q.push(PII(a[y],PI(vis[y]=++pos,y)));
    }
    printf("%lld\n",a[1].a);
  }
}

I. Random Sequence

#include<cstdio>
const int N=110,M=1500,P=1000000007;
int T,n,m,i,j,k,x,y,cnt,gcd[N][N],v[N],a[N],id[N][N][N],g[M][N],w[M][N],f[N][M],ans;
int getgcd(int a,int b){return b?getgcd(b,a%b):a;}
int po(int a,int b){int t=1;for(;b;b>>=1,a=1LL*a*a%P)if(b&1)t=1LL*t*a%P;return t;}
inline void up(int&a,int b){a=a+b<P?a+b:a+b-P;}
int main(){
  scanf("%d",&T);
  while(T--){
    scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)scanf("%d",&a[i]);
    for(i=1;i<=m;i++)scanf("%d",&v[i]);
    for(i=1;i<=m;i++)for(j=1;j<=m;j++)gcd[i][j]=getgcd(i,j);
    cnt=0;
    for(i=1;i<=m;i++)for(j=i;j<=m;j+=i)for(k=j;k<=m;k+=j)id[i][j][k]=++cnt;
    for(i=1;i<=m;i++)for(j=i;j<=m;j+=i)for(k=j;k<=m;k+=j){
      x=id[i][j][k];
      for(y=1;y<=m;y++){
        g[x][y]=id[gcd[j][y]][gcd[k][y]][y];
        w[x][y]=v[gcd[i][y]];
      }
    }
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)for(j=1;j<=cnt;j++)f[i][j]=0;
    for(i=1;i<=m;i++)for(j=1;j<=m;j++)for(k=1;k<=m;k++){
      if(a[1]&&i!=a[1])continue;
      if(a[2]&&j!=a[2])continue;
      if(a[3]&&k!=a[3])continue;
      up(f[3][id[gcd[gcd[i][j]][k]][gcd[j][k]][k]],1);
    }
    for(i=3;i<n;i++)for(j=1;j<=cnt;j++)if(f[i][j])for(k=1;k<=m;k++){
      if(a[i+1]&&k!=a[i+1])continue;
      up(f[i+1][g[j][k]],1LL*f[i][j]*w[j][k]%P);
    }
    ans=0;
    for(j=1;j<=cnt;j++)up(ans,f[n][j]);
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)if(!a[i])ans=1LL*ans*po(m,P-2)%P;
    printf("%d\n",ans);
  }
}

J. Rectangle Radar Scanner

#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int N=100010,M=1000010,E=262150,inf=~0U>>1;
int T,n,m,K,i,a[N],b[N],vma[E],vmi[E],vprod[E];
int xl[M],xr[M],yl[M],yr[M],ansma[M],ansmi[M],ansprod[M],q[M],pool[M],e[M];
int A,B,U,C,D;
inline bool cmpl(int x,int y){return xl[x]>xl[y];}
inline bool cmpr(int x,int y){return xr[x]<xr[y];}
inline void umax(int&a,int b){a<b?(a=b):0;}
inline void umin(int&a,int b){a>b?(a=b):0;}
void dfs(int x,int a,int b){
  if(!vma[x])return;
  vma[x]=0,vmi[x]=inf,vprod[x]=1;
  if(a==b)return;
  int mid=(a+b)>>1;
  dfs(x<<1,a,mid),dfs(x<<1|1,mid+1,b);
}
void add(int x,int a,int b){
  umax(vma[x],D);
  umin(vmi[x],D);
  vprod[x]=1LL*vprod[x]*D%K;
  if(a==b)return;
  int mid=(a+b)>>1;
  if(C<=mid)add(x<<1,a,mid);else add(x<<1|1,mid+1,b);
}
void ask(int x,int a,int b){
  if(C<=a&&b<=D){
    umax(A,vma[x]);
    umin(B,vmi[x]);
    U=1LL*U*vprod[x]%K;
    return;
  }
  int mid=(a+b)>>1;
  if(C<=mid)ask(x<<1,a,mid);
  if(D>mid)ask(x<<1|1,mid+1,b);
}
void solve(int l,int r,int L,int R){
  if(l>r||L>R)return;
  int mid=(l+r)>>1,i,j,k,cL=L-1,cR=R+1,ce=0;
  for(i=L;i<=R;i++){
    j=q[i];
    if(xr[j]<mid)pool[++cL]=j;
    else if(xl[j]>mid)pool[--cR]=j;
    else e[++ce]=j;
  }
  for(i=L;i<=R;i++)q[i]=pool[i];
  sort(e+1,e+ce+1,cmpl);
  for(i=1,j=mid;i<=ce;i++){
    k=e[i];
    while(j>=xl[k]){
      C=a[j],D=b[j];
      add(1,1,n);
      j--;
    }
    C=yl[k],D=yr[k],A=ansma[k],B=ansmi[k],U=ansprod[k];
    ask(1,1,n);
    ansma[k]=A,ansmi[k]=B,ansprod[k]=U;
  }
  dfs(1,1,n);
  sort(e+1,e+ce+1,cmpr);
  for(i=1,j=mid+1;i<=ce;i++){
    k=e[i];
    while(j<=xr[k]){
      C=a[j],D=b[j];
      add(1,1,n);
      j++;
    }
    C=yl[k],D=yr[k],A=ansma[k],B=ansmi[k],U=ansprod[k];
    ask(1,1,n);
    ansma[k]=A,ansmi[k]=B,ansprod[k]=U;
  }
  dfs(1,1,n);
  solve(l,mid-1,L,cL);
  solve(mid+1,r,cR,R);
}
int main(){
  for(i=0;i<E;i++)vmi[i]=inf,vprod[i]=1;
  scanf("%d",&T);
  while(T--){
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)scanf("%d%d",&a[i],&b[i]);
    int a0,b0,c0,d0,pp,qq,rr,P;
    scanf("%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",&m,&a0,&b0,&c0,&d0,&pp,&qq,&rr,&P,&K);
    for(i=1;i<=m;i++){
      int na=(1LL*pp*a0+1LL*qq*b0+rr)%P;
      int nb=(1LL*pp*b0+1LL*qq*a0+rr)%P;
      int nc=(1LL*pp*c0+1LL*qq*d0+rr)%P;
      int nd=(1LL*pp*d0+1LL*qq*c0+rr)%P;
      xl[i]=min(na%n+1,nb%n+1);
      xr[i]=max(na%n+1,nb%n+1);
      yl[i]=min(nc%n+1,nd%n+1);
      yr[i]=max(nc%n+1,nd%n+1);
      a0=na,b0=nb,c0=nc,d0=nd;
      q[i]=i;
      ansma[i]=0;
      ansmi[i]=inf;
      ansprod[i]=1;
    }
    solve(1,n,1,m);
    long long fin=0;
    for(i=1;i<=m;i++)if(ansma[i])fin+=ansprod[i]^ansma[i]^ansmi[i];
    printf("%lld\n",fin);
  }
}

K. Transport Construction

#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<ll,int>E;
const int N=100010;
const ll inf=1LL<<60;
int T,n,i,j,k,m,c[N],q[N],st[N],en[N],qx[N],qk[N],stq[N],enq[N],tmp[N];
int hull[N],on[N],f[N];
E e[N];
ll ans;
struct P{int x,y;}a[N];
inline bool cmpc(int x,int y){return c[x]<c[y];}
inline bool cmpx(int x,int y){
  if(a[x].x!=a[y].x)return a[x].x<a[y].x;
  if(a[x].y!=a[y].y)return a[x].y<a[y].y;
  return c[x]<c[y];
}
inline bool cmpk(int x,int y){return 1LL*a[x].y*a[y].x<1LL*a[y].y*a[x].x;}
inline ll dot(const P&a,const P&b){return 1LL*a.x*b.x+1LL*a.y*b.y;}
inline void work(int A,int B){//update B with A‘s hull
  int l1=stq[A],r1=enq[A];
  int l2=stq[B],r2=enq[B];
  int t=0,i,j,x,cnt=0;
  for(i=l1;i<=r1;i++){
    if(i>l1&&a[qx[i]].x==a[qx[i-1]].x)continue;
    //while(t>1&&slope(tmp[t],tmp[t-1])>slope(qx[i],tmp[t]))t--;
    while(t>1&&1LL*(a[tmp[t]].y-a[tmp[t-1]].y)*(a[qx[i]].x-a[tmp[t]].x)>1LL*(a[qx[i]].y-a[tmp[t]].y)*(a[tmp[t]].x-a[tmp[t-1]].x))t--;
    tmp[++t]=qx[i];
  }
  for(i=1;i<=t;i++){
    if(i==1||i==t)hull[++cnt]=i;
    //else if(slope(tmp[i],tmp[i-1])!=slope(tmp[i+1],tmp[i]))hull[++cnt]=i;
    else if(1LL*(a[tmp[i]].y-a[tmp[i-1]].y)*(a[tmp[i+1]].x-a[tmp[i]].x)!=1LL*(a[tmp[i+1]].y-a[tmp[i]].y)*(a[tmp[i]].x-a[tmp[i-1]].x))hull[++cnt]=i;
  }
  for(i=1;i<cnt;i++){
    on[i]=c[tmp[hull[i]]];
    for(j=hull[i];j<=hull[i+1];j++)on[i]=min(on[i],c[tmp[j]]);
  }
  for(i=1;i<=cnt;i++)hull[i]=tmp[hull[i]];
  for(i=l2,j=1;i<=r2;i++){
    x=qk[i];
    while(j<cnt&&dot(a[x],a[hull[j]])>dot(a[x],a[hull[j+1]]))j++;
    ll now=dot(a[x],a[hull[j]]);
    if(j<cnt&&now==dot(a[x],a[hull[j+1]]))e[c[x]]=min(e[c[x]],E(now,on[j]));
    else e[c[x]]=min(e[c[x]],E(now,c[hull[j]]));
  }
}
void solve(int l,int r){
  if(l==r){
    stq[l]=stq[l]=enq[l-1]+1;
    int cur=enq[l-1];
    for(int i=st[l];i<=en[l];i++){
      qx[++cur]=q[i];
      qk[cur]=q[i];
    }
    enq[l]=cur;
    sort(qx+stq[l],qx+cur+1,cmpx);
    sort(qk+stq[l],qk+cur+1,cmpk);
    return;
  }
  int mid=(l+r)>>1;
  solve(l,mid);
  solve(mid+1,r);
  work(l,mid+1);
  work(mid+1,l);
  int l1=stq[l],r1=enq[l];
  int l2=stq[mid+1],r2=enq[mid+1];
  int k=l1-1;
  while(l1<=r1&&l2<=r2)tmp[++k]=cmpx(qx[l1],qx[l2])?qx[l1++]:qx[l2++];
  while(l1<=r1)tmp[++k]=qx[l1++];
  while(l2<=r2)tmp[++k]=qx[l2++];
  for(int i=stq[l];i<=k;i++)qx[i]=tmp[i];
  l1=stq[l],r1=enq[l];
  l2=stq[mid+1],r2=enq[mid+1];
  k=l1-1;
  while(l1<=r1&&l2<=r2)tmp[++k]=cmpk(qk[l1],qk[l2])?qk[l1++]:qk[l2++];
  while(l1<=r1)tmp[++k]=qk[l1++];
  while(l2<=r2)tmp[++k]=qk[l2++];
  for(int i=stq[l];i<=k;i++)qk[i]=tmp[i];
  enq[l]=r2;
}
int F(int x){return f[x]==x?x:f[x]=F(f[x]);}
inline void merge(int x,int y,ll z){if(F(x)!=F(y))ans+=z,f[f[x]]=f[y];}
int main(){
  scanf("%d",&T);
  while(T--){
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
      scanf("%d%d",&a[i].x,&a[i].y);
      c[i]=q[i]=i;
    }
    ans=0;
    while(1){
      sort(q+1,q+n+1,cmpc);
      for(m=0,i=1;i<=n;i=j){
        for(j=i;j<=n&&c[q[i]]==c[q[j]];j++);
        m++;
        for(k=i;k<j;k++)c[q[k]]=m;
      }
      if(m==1)break;
      for(i=1;i<=n;i++)en[c[q[i]]]=i;
      for(i=n;i;i--)st[c[q[i]]]=i;
      for(i=1;i<=m;i++)e[i]=E(inf,0);
      solve(1,m);
      for(i=1;i<=m;i++)f[i]=i;
      for(i=1;i<=m;i++)merge(i,e[i].second,e[i].first);
      for(i=1;i<=n;i++)c[i]=F(c[i]);
    }
    printf("%lld\n",ans);
  }
}

L. Visual Cube

#include<cstdio>
const int N=200;
int T,a,b,c,n,m,i,j;char f[N][N];
int main(){
  scanf("%d",&T);
  while(T--){
    scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
    n=b*2+c*2+1;
    m=a*2+b*2+1;
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)for(j=1;j<=m;j++)f[i][j]=‘.‘;
    for(i=1;i<=b;i++)for(j=1;j<=a;j++){
      f[i*2-1][j*2+1+b*2-i*2]=‘+‘;
      f[i*2-1][j*2+2+b*2-i*2]=‘-‘;
      f[i*2-1][j*2+3+b*2-i*2]=‘+‘;
      f[i*2][j*2+b*2-i*2]=‘/‘;
      f[i*2][j*2+2+b*2-i*2]=‘/‘;
    }
    for(i=1;i<=c;i++)for(j=1;j<=a;j++){
      f[i*2+b*2-1][j*2-1]=‘+‘;
      f[i*2+b*2-1][j*2]=‘-‘;
      f[i*2+b*2-1][j*2+1]=‘+‘;
      f[i*2+b*2][j*2-1]=‘|‘;
      f[i*2+b*2][j*2+1]=‘|‘;
      f[i*2+b*2+1][j*2-1]=‘+‘;
      f[i*2+b*2+1][j*2]=‘-‘;
      f[i*2+b*2+1][j*2+1]=‘+‘;
    }
    for(i=1;i<=c;i++)for(j=1;j<=b;j++){
      f[i*2+b*2-j*2][a*2+j*2+1]=‘|‘;
      f[i*2+b*2-j*2+1][a*2+j*2+1]=‘+‘;
      f[i*2+b*2-j*2+2][a*2+j*2]=‘/‘;
    }
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
      for(j=1;j<=m;j++)putchar(f[i][j]);
      puts("");
    }
  }
}

M. Walking Plan

#include<cstdio>
#define rep(i) for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
const int N=55,M=105,inf=1000000000;
int T,n,m,x,y,q,K,A,B,z,g[N][N],d[N][N],f[N][N],a[M][N][N],b[M][N][N];
inline void up(int&a,int b){if(a>b)a=b;}
inline void mul(int a[][N],int b[][N],int c[][N]){
  static int f[N][N];
  rep(i)rep(j){
    f[i][j]=inf;
    rep(k)up(f[i][j],a[i][k]+b[k][j]);
  }
  rep(i)rep(j)c[i][j]=f[i][j];
}
int main(){
  scanf("%d",&T);
  while(T--){
    scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
    rep(i)rep(j)g[i][j]=inf;
    while(m--){
      scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z);
      x--,y--;
      up(g[x][y],z);
    }
    rep(i)rep(j)a[0][i][j]=b[0][i][j]=i==j?0:inf;
    for(int i=1;i<M;i++)mul(a[i-1],g,a[i]);
    for(int i=1;i<M;i++)mul(b[i-1],a[100],b[i]);
    rep(i)rep(j)d[i][j]=i==j?0:g[i][j];
    rep(k)rep(i)rep(j)up(d[i][j],d[i][k]+d[k][j]);
    for(x=0;x<M;x++){
      rep(i)rep(j)f[i][j]=inf;
      rep(i)rep(j)rep(k)up(f[i][j],b[x][i][k]+d[k][j]);
      rep(i)rep(j)b[x][i][j]=f[i][j];
    }
    scanf("%d",&q);
    while(q--){
      scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&K);
      x--,y--;
      A=K%100,B=K/100;
      z=inf;
      rep(i)up(z,a[A][x][i]+b[B][i][y]);
      if(z>=inf)z=-1;
      printf("%d\n",z);
    }
  }
}

2018 Multi-University Training Contest 3 - HDU Contest