請通過vim練習：vim vimtutor
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-08-12
輸入 wro 3.3 rip directory 範圍 出版 console setting
= W e l c o m e t o t h e V I M T u t o r - Version 1.7 =
歡迎使用VIM教程 1.7版
===============================================================================
Vim is a very powerful editor that has many commands, too many to
explain in a tutor such as this. This tutor is designed to describe
enough of the commands that you will be able to easily use Vim as
an all-purpose editor.
VIM是一個強大的編輯器，它擁有大量的命令,所以沒法在本教程中全部解釋。本
教程描述了足夠多的命令,使你能輕松將VIM作為通用編輯器。
The approximate time required to complete the tutor is 25-30 minutes,
depending upon how much time is spent with experimentation.
完成本教程的時間大約是25-30分鐘，主要依賴於你在實驗中花去的時間。
ATTENTION:
The commands in the lessons will modify the text. Make a copy of this
file to practise on (if you started "vimtutor" this is already a copy).
註意：
本課程中的命令會改變本文，請創建一個副本來練習（如果你用命令“vimtutor"
開始，本文已經是一個副本了）。
譯者註：創建副本的命令為：
vim -u NONE -c ‘e $VIMRUNTIME/tutor/tutor‘ -c ‘w! vimtutor_copy‘ -c ‘q‘;ls -l
It is important to remember that this tutor is set up to teach by
use. That means that you need to execute the commands to learn them
properly. If you only read the text, you will forget the commands!
重要是要記住，本教程是用於指導VIM的使用。這意味著你需要執行命令以
以正確地學習它們。如果你只是閱讀文本，你會很快忘記這些命令！
Now, make sure that your Shift-Lock key is NOT depressed and press
the j key enough times to move the cursor so that Lesson 1.1
completely fills the screen.
現在，請確保你的shift鍵是啟用的，按 j 鍵多次移動到1.1課並使之
完全占據屏幕
Lesson 1.1: MOVING THE CURSOR
1.1課：移動光標
** To move the cursor, press the h,j,k,l keys as indicated. **
**要移動光標，則按示意按下 h,j,k,l 鍵。**
^
k Hint: The h key is at the left and moves left.
< h l > The l key is at the right and moves right.
j The j key looks like a down arrow.
v
示意： 左邊的h鍵是往左移
右邊的l鍵是往右移
j鍵是往下移
1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable.
1. 在屏幕中移動光標到你覺得合適的地方。
2. Hold down the down key (j) until it repeats.
Now you know how to move to the next lesson.
2. 按住j鍵，使之重復作用。
現在你知道了怎麽移動到下一節了吧。
3. Using the down key, move to Lesson 1.2.
3. 使用下移鍵，移動到1.2節。
NOTE: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press <ESC> to place
you in Normal mode. Then retype the command you wanted.
註意：如意你不確定你按下了什麽，按<ESC>回到正常模式。再按你想要輸入的命令。
NOTE: The cursor keys should also work. But using hjkl you will be able to
move around much faster, once you get used to it. Really!
註意：光標鍵同樣生效。但hjkl鍵會使你移動得更快，只要你熟悉了它。真的！
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Lesson 1.2: EXITING VIM
1。2節：退出VIM
!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!
!! 註：執行以下步驟前，請讀完全節！！
1. Press the <ESC> key (to make sure you are in Normal mode).
1. 按下<ESC>鍵（確保你處於正常模式）。
2. Type: :q! <ENTER>.
This exits the editor, DISCARDING any changes you have made.
2. 按： :q! <ENTER>.
此命令使編輯器退出並放棄你作的作用改動。(即不保存對文本的編輯）
3. When you see the shell prompt, type the command that got you into this
tutor. That would be: vimtutor <ENTER>
3. 當你看見shell提示時，輸入以下命令並進入本教程：vimtutor<ENTER>
譯者註：事實上你vimtutor是打開一個副本，你也可以打開你之前創建的副本：
vim vimtutor_copy
4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps
1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor.
4. 如果你已經記住的這些步驟並有信心了，就執行步驟1-3退出，然後再進入編輯器。
NOTE: :q! <ENTER> discards any changes you made. In a few lessons you
will learn how to save the changes to a file.
註：q!<enter> 會取消你對文本所作的任何改動。在新的一節你會學到保存文件的修改。
5. Move the cursor down to Lesson 1.3.
5. 移動光標到1.3節。
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Lesson 1.3: TEXT EDITING - DELETION
1.3節：文本編輯之刪除
** Press x to delete the character under the cursor. **
**按下x鍵以刪除光標所在的字符.**
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
1. 移動光標到--->標記的行。
2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the
character to be deleted.
2. 為了修復錯誤，移動光標到要刪除字符上。
3. Press the x key to delete the unwanted character.
3. 按下x鍵以刪除不想要的字符。
4. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until the sentence is correct.
4. 重復步驟2到4，直到語句正確。
---> The ccow jumpedd ovverr thhe mooon.
5. Now that the line is correct, go on to Lesson 1.4.
5. 現在語句正確了吧，請移步1.4節。
NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by usage.
註：瀏覽本教程時，不要試著去記，而是學習其用法。
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Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING - INSERTION
1.4節：文本編輯之插入
** Press i to insert text. **
**按下 i鍵 以插入文本**
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
1. 移動光標到--->標記的行。
2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top
of the first character AFTER where the text is to be inserted.
2. 為使第一行同第二行相同，移動光標到要插入文本處字符上。
3. Press i and type in the necessary additions.
3。按下i鍵，鍵入需要的字符。
4. As each error is fixed press <ESC> to return to Normal mode.
Repeat steps 2 through 4 to correct the sentence.
4. 當錯誤被修復後，按下<esc>回到正常模式。重復步驟2到4以修改完整。
---> There is text misng this .
---> There is some text missing from this line.
5. When you are comfortable inserting text move to lesson 1.5.
5. 當你正確插入完文本後，移步1.5節。
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Lesson 1.5: TEXT EDITING - APPENDING
1.5節：文本編輯之追加
** Press A to append text. **
**按下A鍵以追加文本**
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
It does not matter on what character the cursor is in that line.
1. 移動光標到--->標記的行。
該行同下一行在字符上不匹配。
2. Press A and type in the necessary additions.
2. 按下A鍵，然後鍵入要添加的內容。
3. As the text has been appended press <ESC> to return to Normal mode.
3. 當添加完文本後按下<esc>,返回到正常模式。
4. Move the cursor to the second line marked ---> and repeat
steps 2 and 3 to correct this sentence.
4. 移動光標到第二個--->標記的行。
---> There is some text missing from th
There is some text missing from this line.
---> There is also some text miss
There is also some text missing here.
5. When you are comfortable appending text move to lesson 1.6.
5. 當你正確添加了文本後，請移步1.6節。
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Lesson 1.6: EDITING A FILE
1.6節：編輯一個文件
** Use :wq to save a file and exit. **
** :wq 保存文件並退出。**
!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!
!! 註： 執行以下步驟之前，請讀完全節！！
1. Exit this tutor as you did in lesson 1.2: :q!
Or, if you have access to another terminal, do the following there.
1. 像1.2節一樣，退出本教程： :q!
或者，你也可以訪問其它的終端，並執行以下幾步。
2. At the shell prompt type this command: vim tutor <ENTER>
‘vim‘ is the command to start the Vim editor, ‘tutor‘ is the name of the
file you wish to edit. Use a file that may be changed.
2. 在shell提示符下，鍵入此命令： vim tutor <enter>
‘vim‘ 是要啟動的vim編輯器，‘tutor‘是編輯的文件名。該文件將被編輯修改。
3. Insert and delete text as you learned in the previous lessons.
3. 按照你在前幾節你所學到的插入、刪除文本。
4. Save the file with changes and exit Vim with: :wq <ENTER>
4. 保存對文件的修改，並退出vim: :wq <enter>
5. If you have quit vimtutor in step 1 restart the vimtutor and move down to
the following summary.
5. 如果你在步驟1中退出了本教程，啟動本教程並移步到以的總結。
6. After reading the above steps and understanding them: do it.
6. 閱讀完以下幾步後，理解並執行它們。
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Lesson 1 SUMMARY
課程1 的 總結
1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right)
1. 可以使用光標鍵或者hjkl鍵移動光標
h (左移) j (下移) k (上移) l (右移)
2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type: vim FILENAME <ENTER>
2. 從sheel提示符啟動VIM，請鍵入：vim FILENAME <ENTER>
3. To exit Vim type: <ESC> :q! <ENTER> to trash all changes.
OR type: <ESC> :wq <ENTER> to save the changes.
3. 要退出VIM： <ESC> :q! <ENTER> 放棄所有修改。
或者鍵入： <ESC> :wq <ENTER> 保存所有的修改。
4. To delete the character at the cursor type: x
4. 刪除光標處的一個字符： x
5. To insert or append text type:
i type inserted text <ESC> insert before the cursor
A type appended text <ESC> append after the line
5. 插入或者追加文本：
i type inserted text <ESC> 插入文本
A type appended text <ESC> 追加文本
NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
an unwanted and partially completed command.
註： 按下<ESC> 會回到正常模式，或者取消示完成的命令。
Now continue with Lesson 2.
現在繼續進行第2課。
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Lesson 2.1: DELETION COMMANDS
2.1節：刪除命令
** Type dw to delete a word. **
**鍵入 dw 以刪除一個單詞.**
1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode.
1. 按下 <ESC> 以確保你牌正常模式。
2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
2. 移動光標到以下以--->標記的行。
3. Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.
3. 移動光標到需要刪除的單詞頭。
4. Type dw to make the word disappear.
4. 鍵入 dw 以使該單詞消失（被刪除）。
NOTE: The letter d will appear on the last line of the screen as you type
it. Vim is waiting for you to type w . If you see another character
than d you typed something wrong; press <ESC> and start over.
註： 當你鍵入d時，字d 會在屏幕最低處顯示，此時VIM在等待你鍵入w。 當你錯誤的鍵入時，你會看見其它的字符而非d;按下 <ESC> 重新開始。
---> There are a some words fun that don‘t belong paper in this sentence.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the sentence is correct and go to Lesson 2.2.
5. 重新步驟3到4,直到語句正確，然後移步2.2節。
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Lesson 2.2: MORE DELETION COMMANDS
2.2節：其它的刪除命令
** Type d$ to delete to the end of the line. **
** 鍵入 d$ 以刪除光標到行尾間處的字符。**`
1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode.
1. 按下 <ESC> 以確保你處於正常模式。
2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
2. 移動光標到以下以--->標記的行。
3. Move the cursor to the end of the correct line (AFTER the first . ).
3. 移動光標到正確行的末端（在第一個.號後）。
4. Type d$ to delete to the end of the line.
4. 鍵入 d$ 以刪除到行尾。
---> Somebody typed the end of this line twice. end of this line twice.
5. Move on to Lesson 2.3 to understand what is happening.
5. 移動到2.3節，並理解發生了什麽。
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Lesson 2.3: ON OPERATORS AND MOTIONS
2.3節：關於操作碼和對象
（operator我理解為操作碼，motions我理解為對象）
Many commands that change text are made from an operator and a motion.
The format for a delete command with the d delete operator is as follows:
d motion
Where:
d - is the delete operator.
motion - is what the operator will operate on (listed below).
A short list of motions:
w - until the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character.
e - to the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character.
$ - to the end of the line, INCLUDING the last character.
Thus typing de will delete from the cursor to the end of the word.
NOTE: Pressing just the motion while in Normal mode without an operator will
move the cursor as specified.
許多修改文本的命令由兩部分組成：操作碼和對象。
刪除命令d的格式如下：
d 對象
其中：
d -是操作碼
motlion -是操作碼要操作的對象（譯者：更確切地說應是範圍吧?）(羅列在下方）
關於對象的小清單：
w -到下一個單詞頭，除開所在的第一個字符。
e -到下一個單詞尾，包括所在單詞的最後一個字符。
$- 到行尾，包括了最後一個字符。
0- 到行首，包含空格。
^ -到行首，不含空格。
G -到文本最後一行首
gg -到文本首行。
所以de會刪除光標處到單詞尾下的字符。
註： 不帶操作碼按下對象鍵時，僅會按對象指定的方式 移動光標。
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Lesson 2.4: USING A COUNT FOR A MOTION
2.4節：對對象使用計數
** Typing a number before a motion repeats it that many times. **
1. Move the cursor to the start of the line marked ---> below.
2. Type 2w to move the cursor two words forward.
3. Type 3e to move the cursor to the end of the third word forward.
4. Type 0 (zero) to move to the start of the line.
5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with different numbers.
---> This is just a line with words you can move around in.
6. Move on to Lesson 2.5.
** 在對象前鍵入重復的次數.**
1. 移動光標到以下以--->標記的行。
2. 鍵入 2w 以使光標向前移動兩個單詞。
3. 鍵入 3e 以使光標向前移動到第三個單詞尾。
4. 鍵入 0 移動到行首。
5. 使用不同 的數字重復步驟2到3.
---> This is just a line with words you can move around in.
6. 移步到2.5節。
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Lesson 2.5: USING A COUNT TO DELETE MORE
2.5節：使用計數以刪除得更多
** Typing a number with an operator repeats it that many times. **
** 為操作碼鍵入 一個數字，使之重復多次。**
In the combination of the delete operator and a motion mentioned above you
insert a count before the motion to delete more:
d number motion
合並上文提到的刪除操作碼和對象，在對象前插入一個數字以刪除更多
d 數字 對象
1. Move the cursor to the first UPPER CASE word in the line marked --->.
1. 移動光標到以下以--->標記的行的第一個大寫單詞處。
2. Type d2w to delete the two UPPER CASE words
2. 鍵入 d2w 以刪除2個大寫 單詞。
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 with a different count to delete the consecutive
UPPER CASE words with one command
3. 用不同的計數重復步驟1和2，以一個命令刪除多個連續的大寫單詞。
---> this ABC DE line FGHI JK LMN OP of words is Q RS TUV cleaned up.
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Lesson 2.6: OPERATING ON LINES
2.6節：行的操作
** Type dd to delete a whole line. **
** 鍵入 dd 以刪除一整行.**
Due to the frequency of whole line deletion, the designers of Vi decided
it would be easier to simply type two d‘s to delete a line.
由於需要頻繁的刪除一整行，vi的設計者決定通過簡單的鍵入兩d輕松刪除一整行。
1. Move the cursor to the second line in the phrase below.
2. Type dd to delete the line.
3. Now move to the fourth line.
4. Type 2dd to delete two lines.
1. 移動移動到以以下短語的第二行。
2. 鍵入 dd 以刪除行。
3. 現在移動到第四行。
4. 鍵入 2dd 以刪除後兩行。
---> 1) Roses are red,
---> 2) Mud is fun,
---> 3) Violets are blue,
---> 4) I have a car,
---> 5) Clocks tell time,
---> 6) Sugar is sweet
---> 7) And so are you.
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Lesson 2.7: THE UNDO COMMAND
2.7節：恢復命令
** Press u to undo the last commands, U to fix a whole line. **
** 按下u 以恢復最後的命令，U 是修復一整行.**
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ---> and place it on the
first error.
2. Type x to delete the first unwanted character.
3. Now type u to undo the last command executed.
4. This time fix all the errors on the line using the x command.
5. Now type a capital U to return the line to its original state.
6. Now type u a few times to undo the U and preceding commands.
7. Now type CTRL-R (keeping CTRL key pressed while hitting R) a few times
to redo the commands (undo the undo‘s).
1. 移動光標到以--->標記的行，定位到第一處錯誤。
2. 鍵入 x 以刪除第一個不要的字符。
3. 現在 鍵入 u 以恢復最後執行的命令。
4. 這次用x命令修復該行的所有錯誤。
5. 現在鍵入一個大寫的 U 以回到行的原始狀態。
6。現在按幾次 u 以恢復U 和之間的命令。
7. 現在 按幾次 CTRL+R（按住CTRL同時敲擊R）,以撤消恢復命令（與u命令相反）。
---> Fiix the errors oon thhis line and reeplace them witth undo.
8. These are very useful commands. Now move on to the Lesson 2 Summary.
8. 這些都是非常有用的命令。現在移步到第2課的總結。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 2 SUMMARY
第2課總結
1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type: dw
2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type: d$
3. To delete a whole line type: dd
1. 刪除光標到下一個單詞： dw
2. 刪除光標到行尾： d$
3. 刪除整行： dd
4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number: 2w
4. 預置數字以重復對象： 2w
5. The format for a change command is:
operator [number] motion
where:
operator - is what to do, such as d for delete
[number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion
motion - moves over the text to operate on, such as w (word),
$ (to the end of line), etc.
5. 更改命令的格式：
操作碼 [數字] 對象
6. To move to the start of the line use a zero: 0
6. 用0移動到行首： 0
7. To undo previous actions, type: u (lowercase u)
To undo all the changes on a line, type: U (capital U)
To undo the undo‘s, type: CTRL-R
7. 恢復之前的動作，鍵入： u (小寫）
恢復對一行的所有改變，鍵入：U(大寫）
恢復恢復，鍵入： CTRL-R
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Lesson 3.1: THE PUT COMMAND
3.1節：PUT命令
** Type p to put previously deleted text after the cursor. **
**輸入 p 以在光標處粘貼先前刪除的文本.**
1. Move the cursor to the first ---> line below.
1. 移動光標到以下以--->標記的行。
2. Type dd to delete the line and store it in a Vim register.
2. 輸入 dd 以刪除該行，該行會被存儲至VIM寄存器中。
3. Move the cursor to the c) line, ABOVE where the deleted line should go.
3. 移動光標到c)行，即被刪除行要到達的前行。
4. Type p to put the line below the cursor.
4. 鍵入 p 將那行粘貼到光標之下。
5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to put all the lines in correct order.
5. 重復步驟2到4以粘貼所有的行到正確的位置。
---> d) Can you learn too?
---> b) Violets are blue,
---> c) Intelligence is learned,
---> a) Roses are red,
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Lesson 3.2: THE REPLACE COMMAND
3.2節：替換命令
** Type rx to replace the character at the cursor with x . **
**鍵入 rx 以替換光標處的字符。**
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
1.移動光標到以--->標記的行。
2. Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error.
2.移動光標到第一個錯誤。
3. Type r and then the character which should be there.
3.鍵入 r和要更正的字符。
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the first line is equal to the second one.
4.重復步驟2和3，直到一二行相同。
---> Whan this lime was tuoed in, someone presswd some wrojg keys!
---> When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys!
5. Now move on to Lesson 3.3.
5.現在移動到3.3節吧。
NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by doing, not memorization.
註：記住你應該學會做而非記。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 3.3: THE CHANGE OPERATOR
3.3:變更操作碼
** To change until the end of a word, type ce . **
**要變更光標到詞尾，鍵入：ce。**
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
1.移動光標到以--->標記的行。
2. Place the cursor on the u in lubw.
2.定位光標至 lubw 的 u 上。
3. Type ce and the correct word (in this case, type ine ).
3.鍵入 ce 和 正確的單詞（本例中，應該鍵入 ceine).
4. Press <ESC> and move to the next character that needs to be changed.
4.按<esc>，並移動到下一個需要更改的字符。
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second.
5.重復步驟3和4，以使第一句同第二句相同。
---> This lubw has a few wptfd that mrrf changing usf the change operator.
---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator.
Notice that ce deletes the word and places you in Insert mode.
註意，ce 是刪除單詞並定位到插入模式（譯者：其實後面的e就是對象，而前面的 c是操作碼）
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 3.4: MORE CHANGES USING c
3.4節：其它的c更改命令
** The change operator is used with the same motions as delete. **
** 同delete 命令一樣，更改操作碼也使用相同的對象。
1. The change operator works in the same way as delete. The format is:
c [number] motion
1. 更改操作碼的用法與刪除操作碼相同，格式為：
c [number] motion
2. The motions are the same, such as w (word) and $ (end of line).
2.所有的對象是相同的，例如w(單詞）、$（行尾）。
3. Move to the first line below marked --->.
移動到以下以--->標記的第一行。
4. Move the cursor to the first error.
4.移動光標到第一處錯誤。
5. Type c$ and type the rest of the line like the second and press <ESC>.
5.鍵入 c$ 和 余下的同第二行相同的字等符，並按下<ESC>。
---> The end of this line needs some help to make it like the second.
---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the c$ command.
NOTE: You can use the Backspace key to correct mistakes while typing.
註： 在鍵入時，你可以使用退格以刪除錯誤。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 3 SUMMARY
第3課總結
1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type p . This puts the
deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
line below the cursor).
1. 要粘貼剛剛刪除的文本，鍵入 p.這會把被刪文本粘貼到光標之後（如果某行被刪，它會被粘貼到光標之後的一行）。
2. To replace the character under the cursor, type r and then the
character you want to have there.
2.要替換光標處的字符，鍵入 r 和要插入的字符。
3. The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the
motion takes you. eg. Type ce to change from the cursor to the end of
the word, c$ to change to the end of a line.
3.更改操作碼允許你更改從光標到對象定義處。例如：鍵入 ce 以更改光標到詞尾，鍵入c$會更改光標到行尾。
4. The format for change is:
c [number] motion
4.更改的格式：
c [number] motion
Now go on to the next lesson.
現在進入 下一課吧。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 4.1: CURSOR LOCATION AND FILE STATUS
4.1節：光標定位和文件狀態
** Type CTRL-G to show your location in the file and the file status.
Type G to move to a line in the file. **
**鍵入 CTRL-G 以顯示你在文件中的位置和狀態。
鍵入G 以移動到文件行尾。
NOTE: Read this entire lesson before executing any of the steps!!
註：執行任何一步前請讀完本課。
1. Hold down the Ctrl key and press g . We call this CTRL-G.
A message will appear at the bottom of the page with the filename and the
position in the file. Remember the line number for Step 3.
1.按住CTRL鍵，並鍵入 g. 我們稱之為CTRL-G。
在頁面的底部會呈現一個信息，指出文件名和當前文件位置。記住行號
以在第三步使用。
NOTE: You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the screen
This happens when the ‘ruler‘ option is set (see :help ‘ruler‘ )
註： 你可能見到 處於屏幕右下角的光標
這發生在設置了‘ruler‘選項時（見 :hlep ‘ruler‘)
2. Press G to move you to the bottom of the file.
Type gg to move you to the start of the file.
2.按 G 以移動到文件底。
鍵入 gg 以移動到文件首。
3. Type the number of the line you were on and then G . This will
return you to the line you were on when you first pressed CTRL-G.
3.鍵入你之前所在 的行號，然後鍵入G。
這樣你會返回到你之前，即你按CTRL-G時的那一行。
4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3.
4.如果你有信心去做它，請執行1到3步。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 4.2: THE SEARCH COMMAND
4.2節：搜索命令
** Type / followed by a phrase to search for the phrase. **
**按 / 並接一個要搜索的短語。**
1. In Normal mode type the / character. Notice that it and the cursor
appear at the bottom of the screen as with the : command.
1.在正常模式，鍵入 / 字母。註意，像：命令一樣，光標會出現在屏幕底
2. Now type ‘errroor‘ <ENTER>. This is the word you want to search for.
2.現在，鍵入 ‘errroor‘<ENTER>.這是你想要搜索的單詞。
3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type n .
To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type N .
3.想再次搜索相同的短語，簡單的鍵入 n.
3.想再次搜索相同的短語並以相反的方向，鍵入 N.
4. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use ? instead of / .
4.要反向搜索一個短語，使用?替換/.
5. To go back to where you came from press CTRL-O (Keep Ctrl down while
pressing the letter o). Repeat to go back further. CTRL-I goes forward.
5.要返回之前的位置，鍵入 CTRL-O（按住 CTRL時，按下字母o).重復幾次回到
更早的那刻。CTRL-I是向前移動。
---> "errroor" is not the way to spell error; errroor is an error.
NOTE: When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the
start, unless the ‘wrapscan‘ option has been reset.
註： 當搜索到達文件尾時，它會從文件頭開始搜索，除非’wrapscan‘選項被設置了。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 4.3: MATCHING PARENTHESES SEARCH
4.3節：括號匹配搜索
** Type % to find a matching ),], or } . **
**鍵入 % 以找到所匹配的),],or }.**
1. Place the cursor on any (, [, or { in the line below marked --->.
1.在以--->標記的行中，將光標定位到任一的(,[,{.
2. Now type the % character.
2.現在按下 %字符。
3. The cursor will move to the matching parenthesis or bracket.
3.將光標移動到匹配的括號上。
4. Type % to move the cursor to the other matching bracket.
4.按 % 以移動光標到其它的匹配括號。
5. Move the cursor to another (,),[,],{ or } and see what % does.
5.移動光標到 另外的(,),[,],{ or },看看 % 是怎麽做的。
---> This ( is a test line with (‘s, [‘s ] and {‘s } in it. ))
NOTE: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses!
註：在高度程序的非匹配括號是這個是相當有用的。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 4.4: THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND
4.4:替換命令
** Type :s/old/new/g to substitute ‘new‘ for ‘old‘. **
**鍵入 :s/old/new/g 以用’new‘替換‘old’。**
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
1.移動光標到以下以--->標記的行。
2. Type :s/thee/the <ENTER> . Note that this command only changes the
first occurrence of "thee" in the line.
2.鍵入 :s/thee/the <ENTER>.註意此命令僅會更改本行的第一例"thee".
3. Now type :s/thee/the/g . Adding the g flag means to substitute
globally in the line, change all occurrences of "thee" in the line.
3.現在 鍵入 :s/three/the/g. 加入的 g 標誌 意味著 會替換本行所有的
“thee".
---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring.
4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines,
type :#,#s/old/new/g where #,# are the line numbers of the range
of lines where the substitution is to be done.
Type :%s/old/new/g to change every occurrence in the whole file.
Type :%s/old/new/gc to find every occurrence in the whole file,
with a prompt whether to substitute or not.
4. 要更改兩行間的所有的匹配字符串：
type :#,#s/old/new/g 其中，#,#是要更改的行號的範圍
Type :%s/old/new/g 更改全文件中的所有事件。
Type :%s/old/new/gc 更改全文件中的所有事件,並給出替換與否的提示。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 4 SUMMARY
第4課總結
1. CTRL-G displays your location in the file and the file status.
G moves to the end of the file.
number G moves to that line number.
gg moves to the first line.
1. CTRL-G 顯示 當前文件位置和狀態。
G 移動到文件尾。
數字 G 移動到某行。
gg 移動到文件頭。
2. Typing / followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase.
Typing ? followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase.
After a search type n to find the next occurrence in the same direction
or N to search in the opposite direction.
CTRL-O takes you back to older positions, CTRL-I to newer positions.
2. 鍵入 / ,接上要向前搜索的短語。
鍵入 ? 接上要向後搜索的短語
搜索後，按n 以相同的方向搜索下一事件，按N以相反的方向搜索。
CTRL-O 使你返回到以前的位置，CTRL-I 回到以後的位置 。
3. Typing % while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match.
3.鍵入 % 時括號上的光標會匹配自己的括號。
4. To substitute new for the first old in a line type :s/old/new
To substitute new for all ‘old‘s on a line type :s/old/new/g
To substitute phrases between two line #‘s type :#,#s/old/new/g
To substitute all occurrences in the file type :%s/old/new/g
To ask for confirmation each time add ‘c‘ :%s/old/new/gc
4. 在一行中以new替換old. :s/old/new
在一行中以new替換所有的old :s/old/new/g
在#到#兩行間，以new 替換所有的old :#,#s/old/new/g
替換文件中的所有事件 :%s/old/new/g
每次替換前確認，增加‘c’‘ :%s/old/new/gc
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 5.1: HOW TO EXECUTE AN EXTERNAL COMMAND
5.1節：怎樣執行外部命令
** Type :! followed by an external command to execute that command. **
** 按 :! 並加上要執行的外部命令。××
1. Type the familiar command : to set the cursor at the bottom of the
screen. This allows you to enter a command-line command.
1. 鍵入類似的命令： 使光標處於屏幕底。這允許你鍵入一個命令行。
2. Now type the ! (exclamation point) character. This allows you to
execute any external shell command.
2. 現在鍵入 ! 字符。這允許你執行一個任何外部的shell命令
3. As an example type ls following the ! and then hit <ENTER>. This
will show you a listing of your directory, just as if you were at the
shell prompt. Or use :!dir if ls doesn‘t work.
3. 作為一個例子，鍵入 ls 接一個!,然後敲擊<enter>.這會顯示一個你的目錄，
就像你在一個shell提示符一樣。或者 使用 :!dir （如果 ls不起作用的話）。
NOTE: It is possible to execute any external command this way, also with
arguments.
註： 通過這種方式執行任何的外部命令是可能的，同樣可以跟參數。
NOTE: All : commands must be finished by hitting <ENTER>
From here on we will not always mention it.
註： 所有的 : 命令必須以敲擊<enter>結束。
從這裏開始，我們不會問題提及這些問題。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 5.2: MORE ON WRITING FILES
5.2節：其它的寫文件命令
** To save the changes made to the text, type :w FILENAME. **
**要保存對文本作的改動，鍵入 ：w FILENAME.**
1. Type :!dir or :!ls to get a listing of your directory.
You already know you must hit <ENTER> after this.
1. 鍵入 :!dir or :!ls 以得到你的目錄的清單。
你已經 知道了你必須在這句後 敲擊<enter>.
2. Choose a filename that does not exist yet, such as TEST.
2. 選擇一個不存在的文件名，如TEST。
3. Now type: :w TEST (where TEST is the filename you chose.)
3. 現在 鍵入 : :w TEST (其中的TEST是你選擇的文件名）。
4. This saves the whole file (the Vim Tutor) under the name TEST.
To verify this, type :!dir or :!ls again to see your directory.
4. 這會以TEST的名字 保存全部文件（即這個 VIM教程）。
要確認之，請鍵入 :!dir or :!ls 以查看你的目錄。
NOTE: If you were to exit Vim and start it again with vim TEST , the file
would be an exact copy of the tutor when you saved it.
註：如果你之前退出了VIM並以vim TEST再次啟動了它,這個文件就會是你保存時的教
程的副本。
5. Now remove the file by typing (MS-DOS): :!del TEST
or (Unix): :!rm TEST
5. 現在鍵入以下命令刪除這個文件：
(MS-DOS): :!del TEST
or (Unix): :!rm TEST
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 5.3: SELECTING TEXT TO WRITE
5.3節：選擇要寫的文本
** To save part of the file, type v motion :w FILENAME **
** 要保存部分文件，鍵入 v 對象 :w FILENAME **
1. Move the cursor to this line.
1. 移動光標到此行。
2. Press v and move the cursor to the fifth item below. Notice that the
text is highlighted.
2. 按 v 並移動 光標到 以下的第5項。 註意這些文本會珵高亮。
3. Press the : character. At the bottom of the screen :‘<,‘> will appear.
3. 按 ：字符。在屏幕底會顯示 :‘<,‘> will appear.
4. Type w TEST , where TEST is a filename that does not exist yet. Verify
that you see :‘<,‘>w TEST before you press Enter.
4. 按 w TEST ,其中 TEST 是一個不存在 的文件。
確認你按<enter>前你看到了:‘<,‘>w TEST.
5. Vim will write the selected lines to the file TEST. Use :!dir or !ls
to see it. Do not remove it yet! We will use it in the next lesson.
5. vim 會把選定的行進文件TEST中,使用 :!dir or !ls 作檢查。先別刪除它！
我們會下節使用它。
NOTE: Pressing v starts Visual selection. You can move the cursor around
to make the selection bigger or smaller. Then you can use an operator
to do something with the text. For example, d deletes the text.
註： 按下v 開始選擇選擇。你可以將光標移動到其它地方以使選擇的區變大或者 變小。
然後你可使用操作碼對文本做一些事。比如，d 刪除文件。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 5.4: RETRIEVING AND MERGING FILES
5.4節：恢復和合並文件
** To insert the contents of a file, type :r FILENAME **
** 要插入一個文件的內容鍵入：r FILENAME **
1. Place the cursor just above this line.
NOTE: After executing Step 2 you will see text from Lesson 5.3. Then move
DOWN to see this lesson again.
1.只需將光標放到這一行。
註： 執行第二步後你會看到5.3節的內容。然後下移並再次查看這節。
2. Now retrieve your TEST file using the command :r TEST where TEST is
the name of the file you used.
The file you retrieve is placed below the cursor line.
2. 現在 恢復 你的TEST文件，使用命令 ：r TEST 其中，TEST 是你使用的文件。
你要恢復的文件將被放置在光標行下面。
3. To verify that a file was retrieved, cursor back and notice that there
are now two copies of Lesson 5.3, the original and the file version.
3. 要確認文件被恢復了，用光標返回，註意這裏有兩5.3節的副本，原本的文件版。
NOTE: You can also read the output of an external command. For example,
:r !ls reads the output of the ls command and puts it below the
cursor.
註： 你可能會閱讀外部命令的輸出。如 :r !ls 讀入ls命令的輸出並將其放置到
光標下。`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 5 SUMMARY
第5課總結
1. :!command executes an external command.
Some useful examples are:
(MS-DOS) (Unix)
:!dir :!ls - shows a directory listing.
:!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - removes file FILENAME.
1. :!command 執行外部命令
一些有用的例子：
(MS-DOS) (Unix)
:!dir :!ls - 顯示目錄清單
:!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - 移除 FILENAME文件。
2. :w FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME.
2. :w FILENAME 將當前的vim 文件以FILENAME 文件名寫進磁盤 。
3. v motion :w FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file
FILENAME.
3. v 對象 :w FILENAME 保存選定選擇行到FILENAME 文件。
4. :r FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the
cursor position.
4. :r FILENAME 恢復磁盤文件FILENAME到光標下。
5. :r !dir reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the
cursor position.
5. :r !dir 讀取dir命令的輸出並粘貼到光標下。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND
6.1節：OPEN 命令
** Type o to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode. **
** 鍵入 o 以在光標打開一行，並置於插入模式。**
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
1. 移動光標到以--->標記的行。
2. Type the lowercase letter o to open up a line BELOW the cursor and place
you in Insert mode.
2. 鍵入 小寫字母 o 以在光標下插入一行，並置於插入模式。
3. Now type some text and press <ESC> to exit Insert mode.
3. 現在 鍵入 一些文本，並按<esc>以退出插入模式。
---> After typing o the cursor is placed on the open line in Insert mode.
4. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a capital O , rather
than a lowercase o. Try this on the line below.
4. 要在光標前插入一行，只需鍵入 大寫字母 O，而非小寫字母 o，在下一行試試。
---> Open up a line above this by typing O while the cursor is on this line.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 6.2: THE APPEND COMMAND
6.2: 追加命令
** Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor. **
**鍵入 a 以在光標後插入文本。**
1. Move the cursor to the start of the line below marked --->.
1. 移動 下面以--->標記的行首。
2. Press e until the cursor is on the end of li .
2. 按 e 直到 光標在li 尾。
3. Type an a (lowercase) to append text AFTER the cursor.
3. 銨 一個 a(小寫） 以追加文本到光標後。
4. Complete the word like the line below it. Press <ESC> to exit Insert
mode.
4. 按照下一行完成這個單詞。按<esc>退出插入模式。
5. Use e to move to the next incomplete word and repeat steps 3 and 4.
5. 使用 e 移動到未完成的單詞，並重復步驟3和4.
---> This li will allow you to pract appendi text to a line.
---> This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line.
NOTE: a, i and A all go to the same Insert mode, the only difference is where
the characters are inserted.
註： a,i 和A 都會進入插入模式，僅有的不同是字符在哪裏插入。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 6.3: ANOTHER WAY TO REPLACE
6.3節： 以別一種方式替換
** Type a capital R to replace more than one character. **
** 鍵入 大寫 R 以替換 更多的字符而非一個。**
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. Move the cursor to
the beginning of the first xxx .
1. 移動光標到以---》標記的第一行。移動光標到第一個XXX。
2. Now press R and type the number below it in the second line, so that it
replaces the xxx .
2. 現在 按下 R 並鍵入 在第二行顯示的數字，以其替換xxx.
3. Press <ESC> to leave Replace mode. Notice that the rest of the line
remains unmodified.
3. 按下<ESC> 以 離開替換模式。註意 剩余的行仍沒有改變。
4. Repeat the steps to replace the remaining xxx.
4. 重復以上步驟以替換剩余的XXX。
---> Adding 123 to xxx gives you xxx.
---> Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579.
NOTE: Replace mode is like Insert mode, but every typed character deletes an
existing character.
註： 替換模式下類似於插入模式，但是鍵入字符會刪除已經存在的字符。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 6.4: COPY AND PASTE TEXT
6.4: 復制粘貼文本
** Use the y operator to copy text and p to paste it **
** 用y 操作碼來復制文本，以 p 粘貼此文本.**
1. Go to the line marked with ---> below and place the cursor after "a)".
1. 移動到以--->標記的行並定位到“a）”後。
2. Start Visual mode with v and move the cursor to just before "first".
2. 以v 開啟選擇模式,移動光標到“first”前。
3. Type y to yank (copy) the highlighted text.
3. 按 y 以復制高亮的文本。
4. Move the cursor to the end of the next line: j$
4. 移動 光標到下一行的：j$
5. Type p to put (paste) the text. Then type: a second <ESC> .
5. 按p 以粘貼文本，然後鍵入：a second <esc>.
6. Use Visual mode to select " item.", yank it with y , move to the end of
the next line with j$ and put the text there with p .
6. 使用選擇模式以選擇” item。“，以y復制之，以j$移動到下行並以p粘貼到那裏。
---> a) this is the first item.
b)
NOTE: you can also use y as an operator; yw yanks one word.
註： 你可能會使用y 作操作碼;yw 復制一個單詞。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 6.5: SET OPTION
6.5節：設置選項
** Set an option so a search or substitute ignores case **
** 設置搜索和替換時忽略大小寫的選項**
1. Search for ‘ignore‘ by entering: /ignore <ENTER>
Repeat several times by pressing n .
1. 搜索’ignore‘ ，鍵入 ： /ignore <enter>
重復按n幾次。
2. Set the ‘ic‘ (Ignore case) option by entering: :set ic
2. 設置 ’ic‘（忽略大小寫）選項，鍵入： ：set ic
3. Now search for ‘ignore‘ again by pressing n
Notice that Ignore and IGNORE are now also found.
3. 現在 以n再次搜索‘ignore‘.
註意，Ignore and IGNORE都可以被搜到。
4. Set the ‘hlsearch‘ and ‘incsearch‘ options: :set hls is
4. 設置選項‘hlsearch‘ and ‘incsearch‘: set hls is
5. Now type the search command again and see what happens: /ignore <ENTER>
5. 同在鍵入搜索命令，看看發生 了什麽： /ignore <enter>
6. To disable ignoring case enter: :set noic
6. 要禁止忽略大小寫，鍵入： :set noic
NOTE: To remove the highlighting of matches enter: :nohlsearch
註意： 要刪除高亮匹配，鍵入： :nohlsearch
NOTE: If you want to ignore case for just one search command, use \c
in the phrase: /ignore\c <ENTER>
註： 如果 你只是想在某次搜索命令時忽略大小寫，在短語後加上\c: /ignore\c <enter>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 6 SUMMARY
第6課總結
1. Type o to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
Type O to open a line ABOVE the cursor.
1. 按o 以插入一行，在光標後，並進入插入模式。
按O 以在光標前插入一行。
2. Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor.
Type A to insert text after the end of the line.
2. 按a 以在光標後插入文本。
按A在行尾插入文本。
3. The e command moves to the end of a word.
3. e命令使光標移動到單詞尾。
4. The y operator yanks (copies) text, p puts (pastes) it.
4. y操作碼 復制文本，p 粘貼此文本。
5. Typing a capital R enters Replace mode until <ESC> is pressed.
5. 調入大寫字母R，進入替換模式，直到<esc>按下。
6. Typing ":set xxx" sets the option "xxx". Some options are:
‘ic‘ ‘ignorecase‘ ignore upper/lower case when searching
‘is‘ ‘incsearch‘ show partial matches for a search phrase
‘hls‘ ‘hlsearch‘ highlight all matching phrases
You can either use the long or the short option name.
6. 鍵入":set xxx" 以設置選項 "xxx". 一些選項:
‘ic‘ ‘ignorecase‘ 搜索時忽略大小寫
‘is‘ ‘incsearch‘ 部分顯示匹配的搜索短語。
‘hls‘ ‘hlsearch‘ 高亮所有匹配的短語
你可選用長的或者短的選項名。
7. Prepend "no" to switch an option off: :set noic
7. 前置”no"以關閉選項： :set noic
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 7.1: GETTING HELP
7.1節：使用幫助
** Use the on-line help system **
**使用在線幫助系統**
Vim has a comprehensive on-line help system. To get started, try one of
these three:
- press the <HELP> key (if you have one)
- press the <F1> key (if you have one)
- type :help <ENTER>
vim 有一個廣泛的在線幫助系統。要啟用之，可試試這三種之一：
- 按 <help> (如果你有）
- 按 <F1> (如果你有）
- 按 ：help <enter>
Read the text in the help window to find out how the help works.
Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump from one window to another.
Type :q <ENTER> to close the help window.
閱讀help窗口以查看help是如何進行的。
Type CTRL-W CTRL-W 從一個窗口跳轉到另一個窗口。
Type :q <ENTER> 關閉幫助 窗口。
You can find help on just about any subject, by giving an argument to the
":help" command. Try these (don‘t forget pressing <ENTER>):
:help w
:help c_CTRL-D
:help insert-index
:help user-manual
你可以通過為":help"給一個參數找到任何主題的幫助,試試這些（別忘了<enter>)
:help w
:help c_CTRL-D
:help insert-index
:help user-manual
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 7.2: CREATE A STARTUP SCRIPT
7.2節：創建啟動腳本
** Enable Vim features **
**啟用VIM特性**
Vim has many more features than Vi, but most of them are disabled by
default. To start using more features you have to create a "vimrc" file.
VIM 擁有比vi更多的特性，但是大多數是被默認禁止的。要使用更多的
特性，你可創建“vimrc”文件。
1. Start editing the "vimrc" file. This depends on your system:
:e ~/.vimrc for Unix
:e $VIM/_vimrc for MS-Windows
1. 開始編輯“vimrc”文件，這依賴於你的系統。
:e ~/.vimrc for Unix
:e $VIM/_vimrc for MS-Windows
2. Now read the example "vimrc" file contents:
:r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
2. 現在閱讀下“vimrc”文件的例子：
:r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
3. Write the file with:保存文件
:w
The next time you start Vim it will use syntax highlighting.
You can add all your preferred settings to this "vimrc" file.
For more information type :help vimrc-intro
下次，你啟動VIM後，它會使語法高亮，你可以在“vimrc”中添加所有你喜歡的
設置。
更多信息請鍵入 ：help vimrc-intro
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 7.3: COMPLETION
7.3節：補齊
** Command line completion with CTRL-D and <TAB> **
××使用CTRL-D和<TAB>使命令行補齊××
1. Make sure Vim is not in compatible mode: :set nocp
1. 確保VIM 處於非兼容模式： :set nocp
2. Look what files exist in the directory: :!ls or :!dir
2. 看看目錄下有什麽文件存在： :!ls or :!dir
3. Type the start of a command: :e
3. 鍵入命令的開始部分： :e
4. Press CTRL-D and Vim will show a list of commands that start with "e".
4. 按 CTRL-D ，VIM會顯示以“e”開頭的清單。
5. Press <TAB> and Vim will complete the command name to ":edit".
5. 按下<TAB>，VIM會以“：edit"補齊命令名。
6. Now add a space and the start of an existing file name: :edit FIL
6. 現在 添加一個空格和己存的文件名頭部： :edit FIL
7. Press <TAB>. Vim will complete the name (if it is unique).
7. 按<tab>，vim會完成余下的文件名（如果它是獨有的話）。
NOTE: Completion works for many commands. Just try pressing CTRL-D and
<TAB>. It is especially useful for :help .
註：補齊針對大多數命令有效，只需按CTRL-R和<TAB>.特別是對 ：help 非常有用 。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 7 SUMMARY
第七課總結
1. Type :help or press <F1> or <Help> to open a help window.
1. 鍵入 ：help 或 <F1> 或<help>以打開幫助窗口
2. Type :help cmd to find help on cmd .
2. 鍵入 ：help cmd 以找出關於cmd的幫助 。
3. Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump to another window
3. 鍵入 CTRL-W 以跳轉到另一窗口。
4. Type :q to close the help window
4. 鍵入 ：q 以關閉幫助窗口。
5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.
5.創建 vimrc 啟動腳本以保存你喜歡的設置。
6. When typing a : command, press CTRL-D to see possible completions.
Press <TAB> to use one completion.
6. 當鍵入 ：command 時，按下CTRL-D 以查看可能的補齊。
按<tab>使用其中一個補齊。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This concludes the Vim Tutor. It was intended to give a brief overview of
the Vim editor, just enough to allow you to use the editor fairly easily.
It is far from complete as Vim has many many more commands. Read the user
manual next: ":help user-manual".
本文總結了vim教程。它原本給出了VIM編輯器的簡短的概要，只能足以讓你很容易地
使用編輯器。這遠沒有完成，因為VIM在如此眾多的命令。請閱讀下面的用戶手冊：
：help user-manual
For further reading and studying, this book is recommended:
Vim - Vi Improved - by Steve Oualline
Publisher: New Riders
The first book completely dedicated to Vim. Especially useful for beginners.
There are many examples and pictures.
See http://iccf-holland.org/click5.html
要進一步的閱讀和學習，我們推薦這本書：
Vim - Vi Improved -作者Steve Oualline
出版社：New Riders
第一本書專門針對 Vim. 特別適合 新手.
其中有許多實例和圖示。
See http://iccf-holland.org/click5.html
This book is older and more about Vi than Vim, but also recommended:
Learning the Vi Editor - by Linda Lamb
Publisher: O‘Reilly & Associates Inc.
It is a good book to get to know almost anything you want to do with Vi.
The sixth edition also includes information on Vim.
這本書比較老並且主要內容是VI而非vim，但是仍值得推薦：
Learning the Vi Editor - by Linda Lamb
出版社: O‘Reilly & Associates Inc.
它是一本能告訴你你想利用VI做的幾乎所有事情的好書。
此書的第三版也包含了有關VIM的內容。
This tutorial was written by Michael C. Pierce and Robert K. Ware,
Colorado School of Mines using ideas supplied by Charles Smith,
Colorado State University. E-mail: [email protected].
Modified for Vim by Bram Moolenaar.
本教程由科羅拉多礦業學院的Michael C. Pierce 和 Robert K. Ware編寫，同時Charles Smith 提供了很多創意。
E-mail: [email protected].
Bram Moolenaar 為VIM對本教程作了修訂。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
=====================================================
下面是我的補充，絕大部分內容取自：
vi improved簡介
[email protected](滇狐）
清華大學軟件學院
北大linux俱樂部
====================================================
CTRL+F：往下翻頁
CTRL+B：往上翻頁
的輸入：使用CTRL+V，CTRL+M
行的拼接：
在選擇模式選中要拼接的行：ggvG
輸入： :‘<,‘>j<enter>
註：普通的j用於拼接單行。
列操作：
選中全文的第一列
按gg跳至開頭
按CTRL——V進入列選擇狀態:visula block
按G到末尾
將每行的第一列變為大寫
按U將選中內容變大寫
按u將選中內容變小寫
按~將大小翻轉。
列操作：在第行前加一個星號和空格：
選中第一列
按I進入插入狀態
輸入:*<space><ESC>
選中前兩列後按x，可時行列刪除
宏的錄制：將所有偶數行後加入OK！
按gg進入第一行
按qm進入宏錄制
按j$進入第二行尾
按aok!以輸入ok!
按<esc>返回
按j到下一行
按q結束宏錄制
宏的播放：（接上面的步驟）
單次播放：
按下@m,執行m寄存器中的宏
可以發現第4行中的尾已經加入了ok!
多次播放：
按下100@m，這裏重復播放100次宏。
點號（重復上一次命令）：
將第行尾加一個感嘆號
按ggA!以在第一行添加感嘆號
按<esc>j以到下一行。
按.表示重復前一個操作，即在執行A!<esc>以在行尾添加一個感嘆號。
反復按j.j.j.j.j.
:%s/$/!/g
========================.virc for beginners==================
基本設置
set nocp 設置不兼容模式
set ru 打開狀態欄標尺
set hls 搜索時高亮顯示找到的文本
set is 遞進搜索
syntax on 打開關鍵字上色
set backspace=indent,eol,start
set whichrap=b,s,<,>,[,]
h,l,~
set sw=4 縮進尺寸4個空格
set ts=4 Tab寬度為4個字符
set et 將所有的TAB替換為空格
C/C++編碼設置
set cin 自動縮進
set ai 還是自動縮進
set cino=:0g0t0(sus
set sm 顯示括號匹配
在console下粘貼版式的問題
:set paste
:set nopaste
= 命令重調格式
斷行設置
set lbr 不在單詞中間斷行
圖形界面與字符界面分別設置
if (has("gui_running")) 圖形界面設置
set nowrap 不拆行
set guioptions+=b 水平流動條
colo torte 配色方案
else 字符界面設置
set wrap 拆行
colo ron 配色方案
endif
==========================粘一點點ubuntu置頂中的東西===================
如何找到上次編輯的文件：
ctrl+O《兩次》 其中的O是大寫
如何復制粘貼？
復制
方法一：
先ma標記當前位置為a，移動到新的位置，再y`a或者y‘a復制從標記位置a到當前位置的內容。`和‘的區別：`以字符為單位，‘以行為單位。這個方法應該是所有vi都適用的。（如果不對請指正。）
方法二： 按v或V或Ctrl+V進入visual模式，移動光標選擇一段內容，按y(若要使用系統黏貼板，按"+y)。三者的區別： v以字符為單位，V以行為單位，Ctrl+V是塊選擇。這個方法只在VIM下適用。
粘貼
p或P。區別：前者粘貼到光標後面，後者粘貼到光標前面。
如何在多個文件中進行替換？
一般可以用sed或者vim來做。比如要對當前目錄下的*.c文件進行替換： 方法一：
代碼:
for i in *.c; do
sed -i -e ‘s/oldvalue/newvalue/g‘ $i
done
方法二：
代碼:
vim *.c
:argdo %s/oldvalue/newvalue/ge | update
vim vimtutor
===============================================================================
= W e l c o m e t o t h e V I M T u t o r - Version 1.7 =
歡迎使用VIM教程 1.7版
===============================================================================
Vim is a very powerful editor that has many commands, too many to
explain in a tutor such as this. This tutor is designed to describe
enough of the commands that you will be able to easily use Vim as
an all-purpose editor.
VIM是一個強大的編輯器，它擁有大量的命令,所以沒法在本教程中全部解釋。本
教程描述了足夠多的命令,使你能輕松將VIM作為通用編輯器。
The approximate time required to complete the tutor is 25-30 minutes,
depending upon how much time is spent with experimentation.
完成本教程的時間大約是25-30分鐘，主要依賴於你在實驗中花去的時間。
ATTENTION:
The commands in the lessons will modify the text. Make a copy of this
file to practise on (if you started "vimtutor" this is already a copy).
註意：
本課程中的命令會改變本文，請創建一個副本來練習（如果你用命令“vimtutor"
開始，本文已經是一個副本了）。
譯者註：創建副本的命令為：
vim -u NONE -c ‘e $VIMRUNTIME/tutor/tutor‘ -c ‘w! vimtutor_copy‘ -c ‘q‘;ls -l
It is important to remember that this tutor is set up to teach by
use. That means that you need to execute the commands to learn them
properly. If you only read the text, you will forget the commands!
重要是要記住，本教程是用於指導VIM的使用。這意味著你需要執行命令以
以正確地學習它們。如果你只是閱讀文本，你會很快忘記這些命令！
Now, make sure that your Shift-Lock key is NOT depressed and press
the j key enough times to move the cursor so that Lesson 1.1
completely fills the screen.
現在，請確保你的shift鍵是啟用的，按 j 鍵多次移動到1.1課並使之
完全占據屏幕
Lesson 1.1: MOVING THE CURSOR
1.1課：移動光標
** To move the cursor, press the h,j,k,l keys as indicated. **
**要移動光標，則按示意按下 h,j,k,l 鍵。**
^
k Hint: The h key is at the left and moves left.
< h l > The l key is at the right and moves right.
j The j key looks like a down arrow.
v
示意： 左邊的h鍵是往左移
右邊的l鍵是往右移
j鍵是往下移
1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable.
1. 在屏幕中移動光標到你覺得合適的地方。
2. Hold down the down key (j) until it repeats.
Now you know how to move to the next lesson.
2. 按住j鍵，使之重復作用。
現在你知道了怎麽移動到下一節了吧。
3. Using the down key, move to Lesson 1.2.
3. 使用下移鍵，移動到1.2節。
NOTE: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press <ESC> to place
you in Normal mode. Then retype the command you wanted.
註意：如意你不確定你按下了什麽，按<ESC>回到正常模式。再按你想要輸入的命令。
NOTE: The cursor keys should also work. But using hjkl you will be able to
move around much faster, once you get used to it. Really!
註意：光標鍵同樣生效。但hjkl鍵會使你移動得更快，只要你熟悉了它。真的！
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 1.2: EXITING VIM
1。2節：退出VIM
!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!
!! 註：執行以下步驟前，請讀完全節！！
1. Press the <ESC> key (to make sure you are in Normal mode).
1. 按下<ESC>鍵（確保你處於正常模式）。
2. Type: :q! <ENTER>.
This exits the editor, DISCARDING any changes you have made.
2. 按： :q! <ENTER>.
此命令使編輯器退出並放棄你作的作用改動。(即不保存對文本的編輯）
3. When you see the shell prompt, type the command that got you into this
tutor. That would be: vimtutor <ENTER>
3. 當你看見shell提示時，輸入以下命令並進入本教程：vimtutor<ENTER>
譯者註：事實上你vimtutor是打開一個副本，你也可以打開你之前創建的副本：
vim vimtutor_copy
4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps
1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor.
4. 如果你已經記住的這些步驟並有信心了，就執行步驟1-3退出，然後再進入編輯器。
NOTE: :q! <ENTER> discards any changes you made. In a few lessons you
will learn how to save the changes to a file.
註：q!<enter> 會取消你對文本所作的任何改動。在新的一節你會學到保存文件的修改。
5. Move the cursor down to Lesson 1.3.
5. 移動光標到1.3節。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 1.3: TEXT EDITING - DELETION
1.3節：文本編輯之刪除
** Press x to delete the character under the cursor. **
**按下x鍵以刪除光標所在的字符.**
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
1. 移動光標到--->標記的行。
2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the
character to be deleted.
2. 為了修復錯誤，移動光標到要刪除字符上。
3. Press the x key to delete the unwanted character.
3. 按下x鍵以刪除不想要的字符。
4. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until the sentence is correct.
4. 重復步驟2到4，直到語句正確。
---> The ccow jumpedd ovverr thhe mooon.
5. Now that the line is correct, go on to Lesson 1.4.
5. 現在語句正確了吧，請移步1.4節。
NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by usage.
註：瀏覽本教程時，不要試著去記，而是學習其用法。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING - INSERTION
1.4節：文本編輯之插入
** Press i to insert text. **
**按下 i鍵 以插入文本**
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
1. 移動光標到--->標記的行。
2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top
of the first character AFTER where the text is to be inserted.
2. 為使第一行同第二行相同，移動光標到要插入文本處字符上。
3. Press i and type in the necessary additions.
3。按下i鍵，鍵入需要的字符。
4. As each error is fixed press <ESC> to return to Normal mode.
Repeat steps 2 through 4 to correct the sentence.
4. 當錯誤被修復後，按下<esc>回到正常模式。重復步驟2到4以修改完整。
---> There is text misng this .
---> There is some text missing from this line.
5. When you are comfortable inserting text move to lesson 1.5.
5. 當你正確插入完文本後，移步1.5節。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 1.5: TEXT EDITING - APPENDING
1.5節：文本編輯之追加
** Press A to append text. **
**按下A鍵以追加文本**
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
It does not matter on what character the cursor is in that line.
1. 移動光標到--->標記的行。
該行同下一行在字符上不匹配。
2. Press A and type in the necessary additions.
2. 按下A鍵，然後鍵入要添加的內容。
3. As the text has been appended press <ESC> to return to Normal mode.
3. 當添加完文本後按下<esc>,返回到正常模式。
4. Move the cursor to the second line marked ---> and repeat
steps 2 and 3 to correct this sentence.
4. 移動光標到第二個--->標記的行。
---> There is some text missing from th
There is some text missing from this line.
---> There is also some text miss
There is also some text missing here.
5. When you are comfortable appending text move to lesson 1.6.
5. 當你正確添加了文本後，請移步1.6節。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 1.6: EDITING A FILE
1.6節：編輯一個文件
** Use :wq to save a file and exit. **
** :wq 保存文件並退出。**
!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!
!! 註： 執行以下步驟之前，請讀完全節！！
1. Exit this tutor as you did in lesson 1.2: :q!
Or, if you have access to another terminal, do the following there.
1. 像1.2節一樣，退出本教程： :q!
或者，你也可以訪問其它的終端，並執行以下幾步。
2. At the shell prompt type this command: vim tutor <ENTER>
‘vim‘ is the command to start the Vim editor, ‘tutor‘ is the name of the
file you wish to edit. Use a file that may be changed.
2. 在shell提示符下，鍵入此命令： vim tutor <enter>
‘vim‘ 是要啟動的vim編輯器，‘tutor‘是編輯的文件名。該文件將被編輯修改。
3. Insert and delete text as you learned in the previous lessons.
3. 按照你在前幾節你所學到的插入、刪除文本。
4. Save the file with changes and exit Vim with: :wq <ENTER>
4. 保存對文件的修改，並退出vim: :wq <enter>
5. If you have quit vimtutor in step 1 restart the vimtutor and move down to
the following summary.
5. 如果你在步驟1中退出了本教程，啟動本教程並移步到以的總結。
6. After reading the above steps and understanding them: do it.
6. 閱讀完以下幾步後，理解並執行它們。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 1 SUMMARY
課程1 的 總結
1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right)
1. 可以使用光標鍵或者hjkl鍵移動光標
h (左移) j (下移) k (上移) l (右移)
2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type: vim FILENAME <ENTER>
2. 從sheel提示符啟動VIM，請鍵入：vim FILENAME <ENTER>
3. To exit Vim type: <ESC> :q! <ENTER> to trash all changes.
OR type: <ESC> :wq <ENTER> to save the changes.
3. 要退出VIM： <ESC> :q! <ENTER> 放棄所有修改。
或者鍵入： <ESC> :wq <ENTER> 保存所有的修改。
4. To delete the character at the cursor type: x
4. 刪除光標處的一個字符： x
5. To insert or append text type:
i type inserted text <ESC> insert before the cursor
A type appended text <ESC> append after the line
5. 插入或者追加文本：
i type inserted text <ESC> 插入文本
A type appended text <ESC> 追加文本
NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
an unwanted and partially completed command.
註： 按下<ESC> 會回到正常模式，或者取消示完成的命令。
Now continue with Lesson 2.
現在繼續進行第2課。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 2.1: DELETION COMMANDS
2.1節：刪除命令
** Type dw to delete a word. **
**鍵入 dw 以刪除一個單詞.**
1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode.
1. 按下 <ESC> 以確保你牌正常模式。
2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
2. 移動光標到以下以--->標記的行。
3. Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.
3. 移動光標到需要刪除的單詞頭。
4. Type dw to make the word disappear.
4. 鍵入 dw 以使該單詞消失（被刪除）。
NOTE: The letter d will appear on the last line of the screen as you type
it. Vim is waiting for you to type w . If you see another character
than d you typed something wrong; press <ESC> and start over.
註： 當你鍵入d時，字d 會在屏幕最低處顯示，此時VIM在等待你鍵入w。 當你錯誤的鍵入時，你會看見其它的字符而非d;按下 <ESC> 重新開始。
---> There are a some words fun that don‘t belong paper in this sentence.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the sentence is correct and go to Lesson 2.2.
5. 重新步驟3到4,直到語句正確，然後移步2.2節。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 2.2: MORE DELETION COMMANDS
2.2節：其它的刪除命令
** Type d$ to delete to the end of the line. **
** 鍵入 d$ 以刪除光標到行尾間處的字符。**`
1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode.
1. 按下 <ESC> 以確保你處於正常模式。
2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
2. 移動光標到以下以--->標記的行。
3. Move the cursor to the end of the correct line (AFTER the first . ).
3. 移動光標到正確行的末端（在第一個.號後）。
4. Type d$ to delete to the end of the line.
4. 鍵入 d$ 以刪除到行尾。
---> Somebody typed the end of this line twice. end of this line twice.
5. Move on to Lesson 2.3 to understand what is happening.
5. 移動到2.3節，並理解發生了什麽。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 2.3: ON OPERATORS AND MOTIONS
2.3節：關於操作碼和對象
（operator我理解為操作碼，motions我理解為對象）
Many commands that change text are made from an operator and a motion.
The format for a delete command with the d delete operator is as follows:
d motion
Where:
d - is the delete operator.
motion - is what the operator will operate on (listed below).
A short list of motions:
w - until the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character.
e - to the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character.
$ - to the end of the line, INCLUDING the last character.
Thus typing de will delete from the cursor to the end of the word.
NOTE: Pressing just the motion while in Normal mode without an operator will
move the cursor as specified.
許多修改文本的命令由兩部分組成：操作碼和對象。
刪除命令d的格式如下：
d 對象
其中：
d -是操作碼
motlion -是操作碼要操作的對象（譯者：更確切地說應是範圍吧?）(羅列在下方）
關於對象的小清單：
w -到下一個單詞頭，除開所在的第一個字符。
e -到下一個單詞尾，包括所在單詞的最後一個字符。
$- 到行尾，包括了最後一個字符。
0- 到行首，包含空格。
^ -到行首，不含空格。
G -到文本最後一行首
gg -到文本首行。
所以de會刪除光標處到單詞尾下的字符。
註： 不帶操作碼按下對象鍵時，僅會按對象指定的方式 移動光標。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 2.4: USING A COUNT FOR A MOTION
2.4節：對對象使用計數
** Typing a number before a motion repeats it that many times. **
1. Move the cursor to the start of the line marked ---> below.
2. Type 2w to move the cursor two words forward.
3. Type 3e to move the cursor to the end of the third word forward.
4. Type 0 (zero) to move to the start of the line.
5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with different numbers.
---> This is just a line with words you can move around in.
6. Move on to Lesson 2.5.
** 在對象前鍵入重復的次數.**
1. 移動光標到以下以--->標記的行。
2. 鍵入 2w 以使光標向前移動兩個單詞。
3. 鍵入 3e 以使光標向前移動到第三個單詞尾。
4. 鍵入 0 移動到行首。
5. 使用不同 的數字重復步驟2到3.
---> This is just a line with words you can move around in.
6. 移步到2.5節。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 2.5: USING A COUNT TO DELETE MORE
2.5節：使用計數以刪除得更多
** Typing a number with an operator repeats it that many times. **
** 為操作碼鍵入 一個數字，使之重復多次。**
In the combination of the delete operator and a motion mentioned above you
insert a count before the motion to delete more:
d number motion
合並上文提到的刪除操作碼和對象，在對象前插入一個數字以刪除更多
d 數字 對象
1. Move the cursor to the first UPPER CASE word in the line marked --->.
1. 移動光標到以下以--->標記的行的第一個大寫單詞處。
2. Type d2w to delete the two UPPER CASE words
2. 鍵入 d2w 以刪除2個大寫 單詞。
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 with a different count to delete the consecutive
UPPER CASE words with one command
3. 用不同的計數重復步驟1和2，以一個命令刪除多個連續的大寫單詞。
---> this ABC DE line FGHI JK LMN OP of words is Q RS TUV cleaned up.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 2.6: OPERATING ON LINES
2.6節：行的操作
** Type dd to delete a whole line. **
** 鍵入 dd 以刪除一整行.**
Due to the frequency of whole line deletion, the designers of Vi decided
it would be easier to simply type two d‘s to delete a line.
由於需要頻繁的刪除一整行，vi的設計者決定通過簡單的鍵入兩d輕松刪除一整行。
1. Move the cursor to the second line in the phrase below.
2. Type dd to delete the line.
3. Now move to the fourth line.
4. Type 2dd to delete two lines.
1. 移動移動到以以下短語的第二行。
2. 鍵入 dd 以刪除行。
3. 現在移動到第四行。
4. 鍵入 2dd 以刪除後兩行。
---> 1) Roses are red,
---> 2) Mud is fun,
---> 3) Violets are blue,
---> 4) I have a car,
---> 5) Clocks tell time,
---> 6) Sugar is sweet
---> 7) And so are you.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 2.7: THE UNDO COMMAND
2.7節：恢復命令
** Press u to undo the last commands, U to fix a whole line. **
** 按下u 以恢復最後的命令，U 是修復一整行.**
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ---> and place it on the
first error.
2. Type x to delete the first unwanted character.
3. Now type u to undo the last command executed.
4. This time fix all the errors on the line using the x command.
5. Now type a capital U to return the line to its original state.
6. Now type u a few times to undo the U and preceding commands.
7. Now type CTRL-R (keeping CTRL key pressed while hitting R) a few times
to redo the commands (undo the undo‘s).
1. 移動光標到以--->標記的行，定位到第一處錯誤。
2. 鍵入 x 以刪除第一個不要的字符。
3. 現在 鍵入 u 以恢復最後執行的命令。
4. 這次用x命令修復該行的所有錯誤。
5. 現在鍵入一個大寫的 U 以回到行的原始狀態。
6。現在按幾次 u 以恢復U 和之間的命令。
7. 現在 按幾次 CTRL+R（按住CTRL同時敲擊R）,以撤消恢復命令（與u命令相反）。
---> Fiix the errors oon thhis line and reeplace them witth undo.
8. These are very useful commands. Now move on to the Lesson 2 Summary.
8. 這些都是非常有用的命令。現在移步到第2課的總結。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 2 SUMMARY
第2課總結
1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type: dw
2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type: d$
3. To delete a whole line type: dd
1. 刪除光標到下一個單詞： dw
2. 刪除光標到行尾： d$
3. 刪除整行： dd
4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number: 2w
4. 預置數字以重復對象： 2w
5. The format for a change command is:
operator [number] motion
where:
operator - is what to do, such as d for delete
[number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion
motion - moves over the text to operate on, such as w (word),
$ (to the end of line), etc.
5. 更改命令的格式：
操作碼 [數字] 對象
6. To move to the start of the line use a zero: 0
6. 用0移動到行首： 0
7. To undo previous actions, type: u (lowercase u)
To undo all the changes on a line, type: U (capital U)
To undo the undo‘s, type: CTRL-R
7. 恢復之前的動作，鍵入： u (小寫）
恢復對一行的所有改變，鍵入：U(大寫）
恢復恢復，鍵入： CTRL-R
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 3.1: THE PUT COMMAND
3.1節：PUT命令
** Type p to put previously deleted text after the cursor. **
**輸入 p 以在光標處粘貼先前刪除的文本.**
1. Move the cursor to the first ---> line below.
1. 移動光標到以下以--->標記的行。
2. Type dd to delete the line and store it in a Vim register.
2. 輸入 dd 以刪除該行，該行會被存儲至VIM寄存器中。
3. Move the cursor to the c) line, ABOVE where the deleted line should go.
3. 移動光標到c)行，即被刪除行要到達的前行。
4. Type p to put the line below the cursor.
4. 鍵入 p 將那行粘貼到光標之下。
5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to put all the lines in correct order.
5. 重復步驟2到4以粘貼所有的行到正確的位置。
---> d) Can you learn too?
---> b) Violets are blue,
---> c) Intelligence is learned,
---> a) Roses are red,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 3.2: THE REPLACE COMMAND
3.2節：替換命令
** Type rx to replace the character at the cursor with x . **
**鍵入 rx 以替換光標處的字符。**
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
1.移動光標到以--->標記的行。
2. Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error.
2.移動光標到第一個錯誤。
3. Type r and then the character which should be there.
3.鍵入 r和要更正的字符。
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the first line is equal to the second one.
4.重復步驟2和3，直到一二行相同。
---> Whan this lime was tuoed in, someone presswd some wrojg keys!
---> When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys!
5. Now move on to Lesson 3.3.
5.現在移動到3.3節吧。
NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by doing, not memorization.
註：記住你應該學會做而非記。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 3.3: THE CHANGE OPERATOR
3.3:變更操作碼
** To change until the end of a word, type ce . **
**要變更光標到詞尾，鍵入：ce。**
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
1.移動光標到以--->標記的行。
2. Place the cursor on the u in lubw.
2.定位光標至 lubw 的 u 上。
3. Type ce and the correct word (in this case, type ine ).
3.鍵入 ce 和 正確的單詞（本例中，應該鍵入 ceine).
4. Press <ESC> and move to the next character that needs to be changed.
4.按<esc>，並移動到下一個需要更改的字符。
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second.
5.重復步驟3和4，以使第一句同第二句相同。
---> This lubw has a few wptfd that mrrf changing usf the change operator.
---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator.
Notice that ce deletes the word and places you in Insert mode.
註意，ce 是刪除單詞並定位到插入模式（譯者：其實後面的e就是對象，而前面的 c是操作碼）
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 3.4: MORE CHANGES USING c
3.4節：其它的c更改命令
** The change operator is used with the same motions as delete. **
** 同delete 命令一樣，更改操作碼也使用相同的對象。
1. The change operator works in the same way as delete. The format is:
c [number] motion
1. 更改操作碼的用法與刪除操作碼相同，格式為：
c [number] motion
2. The motions are the same, such as w (word) and $ (end of line).
2.所有的對象是相同的，例如w(單詞）、$（行尾）。
3. Move to the first line below marked --->.
移動到以下以--->標記的第一行。
4. Move the cursor to the first error.
4.移動光標到第一處錯誤。
5. Type c$ and type the rest of the line like the second and press <ESC>.
5.鍵入 c$ 和 余下的同第二行相同的字等符，並按下<ESC>。
---> The end of this line needs some help to make it like the second.
---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the c$ command.
NOTE: You can use the Backspace key to correct mistakes while typing.
註： 在鍵入時，你可以使用退格以刪除錯誤。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 3 SUMMARY
第3課總結
1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type p . This puts the
deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
line below the cursor).
1. 要粘貼剛剛刪除的文本，鍵入 p.這會把被刪文本粘貼到光標之後（如果某行被刪，它會被粘貼到光標之後的一行）。
2. To replace the character under the cursor, type r and then the
character you want to have there.
2.要替換光標處的字符，鍵入 r 和要插入的字符。
3. The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the
motion takes you. eg. Type ce to change from the cursor to the end of
the word, c$ to change to the end of a line.
3.更改操作碼允許你更改從光標到對象定義處。例如：鍵入 ce 以更改光標到詞尾，鍵入c$會更改光標到行尾。
4. The format for change is:
c [number] motion
4.更改的格式：
c [number] motion
Now go on to the next lesson.
現在進入 下一課吧。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 4.1: CURSOR LOCATION AND FILE STATUS
4.1節：光標定位和文件狀態
** Type CTRL-G to show your location in the file and the file status.
Type G to move to a line in the file. **
**鍵入 CTRL-G 以顯示你在文件中的位置和狀態。
鍵入G 以移動到文件行尾。
NOTE: Read this entire lesson before executing any of the steps!!
註：執行任何一步前請讀完本課。
1. Hold down the Ctrl key and press g . We call this CTRL-G.
A message will appear at the bottom of the page with the filename and the
position in the file. Remember the line number for Step 3.
1.按住CTRL鍵，並鍵入 g. 我們稱之為CTRL-G。
在頁面的底部會呈現一個信息，指出文件名和當前文件位置。記住行號
以在第三步使用。
NOTE: You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the screen
This happens when the ‘ruler‘ option is set (see :help ‘ruler‘ )
註： 你可能見到 處於屏幕右下角的光標
這發生在設置了‘ruler‘選項時（見 :hlep ‘ruler‘)
2. Press G to move you to the bottom of the file.
Type gg to move you to the start of the file.
2.按 G 以移動到文件底。
鍵入 gg 以移動到文件首。
3. Type the number of the line you were on and then G . This will
return you to the line you were on when you first pressed CTRL-G.
3.鍵入你之前所在 的行號，然後鍵入G。
這樣你會返回到你之前，即你按CTRL-G時的那一行。
4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3.
4.如果你有信心去做它，請執行1到3步。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 4.2: THE SEARCH COMMAND
4.2節：搜索命令
** Type / followed by a phrase to search for the phrase. **
**按 / 並接一個要搜索的短語。**
1. In Normal mode type the / character. Notice that it and the cursor
appear at the bottom of the screen as with the : command.
1.在正常模式，鍵入 / 字母。註意，像：命令一樣，光標會出現在屏幕底
2. Now type ‘errroor‘ <ENTER>. This is the word you want to search for.
2.現在，鍵入 ‘errroor‘<ENTER>.這是你想要搜索的單詞。
3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type n .
To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type N .
3.想再次搜索相同的短語，簡單的鍵入 n.
3.想再次搜索相同的短語並以相反的方向，鍵入 N.
4. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use ? instead of / .
4.要反向搜索一個短語，使用?替換/.
5. To go back to where you came from press CTRL-O (Keep Ctrl down while
pressing the letter o). Repeat to go back further. CTRL-I goes forward.
5.要返回之前的位置，鍵入 CTRL-O（按住 CTRL時，按下字母o).重復幾次回到
更早的那刻。CTRL-I是向前移動。
---> "errroor" is not the way to spell error; errroor is an error.
NOTE: When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the
start, unless the ‘wrapscan‘ option has been reset.
註： 當搜索到達文件尾時，它會從文件頭開始搜索，除非’wrapscan‘選項被設置了。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 4.3: MATCHING PARENTHESES SEARCH
4.3節：括號匹配搜索
** Type % to find a matching ),], or } . **
**鍵入 % 以找到所匹配的),],or }.**
1. Place the cursor on any (, [, or { in the line below marked --->.
1.在以--->標記的行中，將光標定位到任一的(,[,{.
2. Now type the % character.
2.現在按下 %字符。
3. The cursor will move to the matching parenthesis or bracket.
3.將光標移動到匹配的括號上。
4. Type % to move the cursor to the other matching bracket.
4.按 % 以移動光標到其它的匹配括號。
5. Move the cursor to another (,),[,],{ or } and see what % does.
5.移動光標到 另外的(,),[,],{ or },看看 % 是怎麽做的。
---> This ( is a test line with (‘s, [‘s ] and {‘s } in it. ))
NOTE: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses!
註：在高度程序的非匹配括號是這個是相當有用的。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 4.4: THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND
4.4:替換命令
** Type :s/old/new/g to substitute ‘new‘ for ‘old‘. **
**鍵入 :s/old/new/g 以用’new‘替換‘old’。**
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
1.移動光標到以下以--->標記的行。
2. Type :s/thee/the <ENTER> . Note that this command only changes the
first occurrence of "thee" in the line.
2.鍵入 :s/thee/the <ENTER>.註意此命令僅會更改本行的第一例"thee".
3. Now type :s/thee/the/g . Adding the g flag means to substitute
globally in the line, change all occurrences of "thee" in the line.
3.現在 鍵入 :s/three/the/g. 加入的 g 標誌 意味著 會替換本行所有的
“thee".
---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring.
4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines,
type :#,#s/old/new/g where #,# are the line numbers of the range
of lines where the substitution is to be done.
Type :%s/old/new/g to change every occurrence in the whole file.
Type :%s/old/new/gc to find every occurrence in the whole file,
with a prompt whether to substitute or not.
4. 要更改兩行間的所有的匹配字符串：
type :#,#s/old/new/g 其中，#,#是要更改的行號的範圍
Type :%s/old/new/g 更改全文件中的所有事件。
Type :%s/old/new/gc 更改全文件中的所有事件,並給出替換與否的提示。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 4 SUMMARY
第4課總結
1. CTRL-G displays your location in the file and the file status.
G moves to the end of the file.
number G moves to that line number.
gg moves to the first line.
1. CTRL-G 顯示 當前文件位置和狀態。
G 移動到文件尾。
數字 G 移動到某行。
gg 移動到文件頭。
2. Typing / followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase.
Typing ? followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase.
After a search type n to find the next occurrence in the same direction
or N to search in the opposite direction.
CTRL-O takes you back to older positions, CTRL-I to newer positions.
2. 鍵入 / ,接上要向前搜索的短語。
鍵入 ? 接上要向後搜索的短語
搜索後，按n 以相同的方向搜索下一事件，按N以相反的方向搜索。
CTRL-O 使你返回到以前的位置，CTRL-I 回到以後的位置 。
3. Typing % while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match.
3.鍵入 % 時括號上的光標會匹配自己的括號。
4. To substitute new for the first old in a line type :s/old/new
To substitute new for all ‘old‘s on a line type :s/old/new/g
To substitute phrases between two line #‘s type :#,#s/old/new/g
To substitute all occurrences in the file type :%s/old/new/g
To ask for confirmation each time add ‘c‘ :%s/old/new/gc
4. 在一行中以new替換old. :s/old/new
在一行中以new替換所有的old :s/old/new/g
在#到#兩行間，以new 替換所有的old :#,#s/old/new/g
替換文件中的所有事件 :%s/old/new/g
每次替換前確認，增加‘c’‘ :%s/old/new/gc
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 5.1: HOW TO EXECUTE AN EXTERNAL COMMAND
5.1節：怎樣執行外部命令
** Type :! followed by an external command to execute that command. **
** 按 :! 並加上要執行的外部命令。××
1. Type the familiar command : to set the cursor at the bottom of the
screen. This allows you to enter a command-line command.
1. 鍵入類似的命令： 使光標處於屏幕底。這允許你鍵入一個命令行。
2. Now type the ! (exclamation point) character. This allows you to
execute any external shell command.
2. 現在鍵入 ! 字符。這允許你執行一個任何外部的shell命令
3. As an example type ls following the ! and then hit <ENTER>. This
will show you a listing of your directory, just as if you were at the
shell prompt. Or use :!dir if ls doesn‘t work.
3. 作為一個例子，鍵入 ls 接一個!,然後敲擊<enter>.這會顯示一個你的目錄，
就像你在一個shell提示符一樣。或者 使用 :!dir （如果 ls不起作用的話）。
NOTE: It is possible to execute any external command this way, also with
arguments.
註： 通過這種方式執行任何的外部命令是可能的，同樣可以跟參數。
NOTE: All : commands must be finished by hitting <ENTER>
From here on we will not always mention it.
註： 所有的 : 命令必須以敲擊<enter>結束。
從這裏開始，我們不會問題提及這些問題。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 5.2: MORE ON WRITING FILES
5.2節：其它的寫文件命令
** To save the changes made to the text, type :w FILENAME. **
**要保存對文本作的改動，鍵入 ：w FILENAME.**
1. Type :!dir or :!ls to get a listing of your directory.
You already know you must hit <ENTER> after this.
1. 鍵入 :!dir or :!ls 以得到你的目錄的清單。
你已經 知道了你必須在這句後 敲擊<enter>.
2. Choose a filename that does not exist yet, such as TEST.
2. 選擇一個不存在的文件名，如TEST。
3. Now type: :w TEST (where TEST is the filename you chose.)
3. 現在 鍵入 : :w TEST (其中的TEST是你選擇的文件名）。
4. This saves the whole file (the Vim Tutor) under the name TEST.
To verify this, type :!dir or :!ls again to see your directory.
4. 這會以TEST的名字 保存全部文件（即這個 VIM教程）。
要確認之，請鍵入 :!dir or :!ls 以查看你的目錄。
NOTE: If you were to exit Vim and start it again with vim TEST , the file
would be an exact copy of the tutor when you saved it.
註：如果你之前退出了VIM並以vim TEST再次啟動了它,這個文件就會是你保存時的教
程的副本。
5. Now remove the file by typing (MS-DOS): :!del TEST
or (Unix): :!rm TEST
5. 現在鍵入以下命令刪除這個文件：
(MS-DOS): :!del TEST
or (Unix): :!rm TEST
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 5.3: SELECTING TEXT TO WRITE
5.3節：選擇要寫的文本
** To save part of the file, type v motion :w FILENAME **
** 要保存部分文件，鍵入 v 對象 :w FILENAME **
1. Move the cursor to this line.
1. 移動光標到此行。
2. Press v and move the cursor to the fifth item below. Notice that the
text is highlighted.
2. 按 v 並移動 光標到 以下的第5項。 註意這些文本會珵高亮。
3. Press the : character. At the bottom of the screen :‘<,‘> will appear.
3. 按 ：字符。在屏幕底會顯示 :‘<,‘> will appear.
4. Type w TEST , where TEST is a filename that does not exist yet. Verify
that you see :‘<,‘>w TEST before you press Enter.
4. 按 w TEST ,其中 TEST 是一個不存在 的文件。
確認你按<enter>前你看到了:‘<,‘>w TEST.
5. Vim will write the selected lines to the file TEST. Use :!dir or !ls
to see it. Do not remove it yet! We will use it in the next lesson.
5. vim 會把選定的行進文件TEST中,使用 :!dir or !ls 作檢查。先別刪除它！
我們會下節使用它。
NOTE: Pressing v starts Visual selection. You can move the cursor around
to make the selection bigger or smaller. Then you can use an operator
to do something with the text. For example, d deletes the text.
註： 按下v 開始選擇選擇。你可以將光標移動到其它地方以使選擇的區變大或者 變小。
然後你可使用操作碼對文本做一些事。比如，d 刪除文件。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 5.4: RETRIEVING AND MERGING FILES
5.4節：恢復和合並文件
** To insert the contents of a file, type :r FILENAME **
** 要插入一個文件的內容鍵入：r FILENAME **
1. Place the cursor just above this line.
NOTE: After executing Step 2 you will see text from Lesson 5.3. Then move
DOWN to see this lesson again.
1.只需將光標放到這一行。
註： 執行第二步後你會看到5.3節的內容。然後下移並再次查看這節。
2. Now retrieve your TEST file using the command :r TEST where TEST is
the name of the file you used.
The file you retrieve is placed below the cursor line.
2. 現在 恢復 你的TEST文件，使用命令 ：r TEST 其中，TEST 是你使用的文件。
你要恢復的文件將被放置在光標行下面。
3. To verify that a file was retrieved, cursor back and notice that there
are now two copies of Lesson 5.3, the original and the file version.
3. 要確認文件被恢復了，用光標返回，註意這裏有兩5.3節的副本，原本的文件版。
NOTE: You can also read the output of an external command. For example,
:r !ls reads the output of the ls command and puts it below the
cursor.
註： 你可能會閱讀外部命令的輸出。如 :r !ls 讀入ls命令的輸出並將其放置到
光標下。`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 5 SUMMARY
第5課總結
1. :!command executes an external command.
Some useful examples are:
(MS-DOS) (Unix)
:!dir :!ls - shows a directory listing.
:!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - removes file FILENAME.
1. :!command 執行外部命令
一些有用的例子：
(MS-DOS) (Unix)
:!dir :!ls - 顯示目錄清單
:!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - 移除 FILENAME文件。
2. :w FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME.
2. :w FILENAME 將當前的vim 文件以FILENAME 文件名寫進磁盤 。
3. v motion :w FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file
FILENAME.
3. v 對象 :w FILENAME 保存選定選擇行到FILENAME 文件。
4. :r FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the
cursor position.
4. :r FILENAME 恢復磁盤文件FILENAME到光標下。
5. :r !dir reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the
cursor position.
5. :r !dir 讀取dir命令的輸出並粘貼到光標下。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND
6.1節：OPEN 命令
** Type o to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode. **
** 鍵入 o 以在光標打開一行，並置於插入模式。**
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
1. 移動光標到以--->標記的行。
2. Type the lowercase letter o to open up a line BELOW the cursor and place
you in Insert mode.
2. 鍵入 小寫字母 o 以在光標下插入一行，並置於插入模式。
3. Now type some text and press <ESC> to exit Insert mode.
3. 現在 鍵入 一些文本，並按<esc>以退出插入模式。
---> After typing o the cursor is placed on the open line in Insert mode.
4. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a capital O , rather
than a lowercase o. Try this on the line below.
4. 要在光標前插入一行，只需鍵入 大寫字母 O，而非小寫字母 o，在下一行試試。
---> Open up a line above this by typing O while the cursor is on this line.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 6.2: THE APPEND COMMAND
6.2: 追加命令
** Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor. **
**鍵入 a 以在光標後插入文本。**
1. Move the cursor to the start of the line below marked --->.
1. 移動 下面以--->標記的行首。
2. Press e until the cursor is on the end of li .
2. 按 e 直到 光標在li 尾。
3. Type an a (lowercase) to append text AFTER the cursor.
3. 銨 一個 a(小寫） 以追加文本到光標後。
4. Complete the word like the line below it. Press <ESC> to exit Insert
mode.
4. 按照下一行完成這個單詞。按<esc>退出插入模式。
5. Use e to move to the next incomplete word and repeat steps 3 and 4.
5. 使用 e 移動到未完成的單詞，並重復步驟3和4.
---> This li will allow you to pract appendi text to a line.
---> This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line.
NOTE: a, i and A all go to the same Insert mode, the only difference is where
the characters are inserted.
註： a,i 和A 都會進入插入模式，僅有的不同是字符在哪裏插入。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 6.3: ANOTHER WAY TO REPLACE
6.3節： 以別一種方式替換
** Type a capital R to replace more than one character. **
** 鍵入 大寫 R 以替換 更多的字符而非一個。**
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. Move the cursor to
the beginning of the first xxx .
1. 移動光標到以---》標記的第一行。移動光標到第一個XXX。
2. Now press R and type the number below it in the second line, so that it
replaces the xxx .
2. 現在 按下 R 並鍵入 在第二行顯示的數字，以其替換xxx.
3. Press <ESC> to leave Replace mode. Notice that the rest of the line
remains unmodified.
3. 按下<ESC> 以 離開替換模式。註意 剩余的行仍沒有改變。
4. Repeat the steps to replace the remaining xxx.
4. 重復以上步驟以替換剩余的XXX。
---> Adding 123 to xxx gives you xxx.
---> Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579.
NOTE: Replace mode is like Insert mode, but every typed character deletes an
existing character.
註： 替換模式下類似於插入模式，但是鍵入字符會刪除已經存在的字符。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 6.4: COPY AND PASTE TEXT
6.4: 復制粘貼文本
** Use the y operator to copy text and p to paste it **
** 用y 操作碼來復制文本，以 p 粘貼此文本.**
1. Go to the line marked with ---> below and place the cursor after "a)".
1. 移動到以--->標記的行並定位到“a）”後。
2. Start Visual mode with v and move the cursor to just before "first".
2. 以v 開啟選擇模式,移動光標到“first”前。
3. Type y to yank (copy) the highlighted text.
3. 按 y 以復制高亮的文本。
4. Move the cursor to the end of the next line: j$
4. 移動 光標到下一行的：j$
5. Type p to put (paste) the text. Then type: a second <ESC> .
5. 按p 以粘貼文本，然後鍵入：a second <esc>.
6. Use Visual mode to select " item.", yank it with y , move to the end of
the next line with j$ and put the text there with p .
6. 使用選擇模式以選擇” item。“，以y復制之，以j$移動到下行並以p粘貼到那裏。
---> a) this is the first item.
b)
NOTE: you can also use y as an operator; yw yanks one word.
註： 你可能會使用y 作操作碼;yw 復制一個單詞。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 6.5: SET OPTION
6.5節：設置選項
** Set an option so a search or substitute ignores case **
** 設置搜索和替換時忽略大小寫的選項**
1. Search for ‘ignore‘ by entering: /ignore <ENTER>
Repeat several times by pressing n .
1. 搜索’ignore‘ ，鍵入 ： /ignore <enter>
重復按n幾次。
2. Set the ‘ic‘ (Ignore case) option by entering: :set ic
2. 設置 ’ic‘（忽略大小寫）選項，鍵入： ：set ic
3. Now search for ‘ignore‘ again by pressing n
Notice that Ignore and IGNORE are now also found.
3. 現在 以n再次搜索‘ignore‘.
註意，Ignore and IGNORE都可以被搜到。
4. Set the ‘hlsearch‘ and ‘incsearch‘ options: :set hls is
4. 設置選項‘hlsearch‘ and ‘incsearch‘: set hls is
5. Now type the search command again and see what happens: /ignore <ENTER>
5. 同在鍵入搜索命令，看看發生 了什麽： /ignore <enter>
6. To disable ignoring case enter: :set noic
6. 要禁止忽略大小寫，鍵入： :set noic
NOTE: To remove the highlighting of matches enter: :nohlsearch
註意： 要刪除高亮匹配，鍵入： :nohlsearch
NOTE: If you want to ignore case for just one search command, use \c
in the phrase: /ignore\c <ENTER>
註： 如果 你只是想在某次搜索命令時忽略大小寫，在短語後加上\c: /ignore\c <enter>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 6 SUMMARY
第6課總結
1. Type o to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
Type O to open a line ABOVE the cursor.
1. 按o 以插入一行，在光標後，並進入插入模式。
按O 以在光標前插入一行。
2. Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor.
Type A to insert text after the end of the line.
2. 按a 以在光標後插入文本。
按A在行尾插入文本。
3. The e command moves to the end of a word.
3. e命令使光標移動到單詞尾。
4. The y operator yanks (copies) text, p puts (pastes) it.
4. y操作碼 復制文本，p 粘貼此文本。
5. Typing a capital R enters Replace mode until <ESC> is pressed.
5. 調入大寫字母R，進入替換模式，直到<esc>按下。
6. Typing ":set xxx" sets the option "xxx". Some options are:
‘ic‘ ‘ignorecase‘ ignore upper/lower case when searching
‘is‘ ‘incsearch‘ show partial matches for a search phrase
‘hls‘ ‘hlsearch‘ highlight all matching phrases
You can either use the long or the short option name.
6. 鍵入":set xxx" 以設置選項 "xxx". 一些選項:
‘ic‘ ‘ignorecase‘ 搜索時忽略大小寫
‘is‘ ‘incsearch‘ 部分顯示匹配的搜索短語。
‘hls‘ ‘hlsearch‘ 高亮所有匹配的短語
你可選用長的或者短的選項名。
7. Prepend "no" to switch an option off: :set noic
7. 前置”no"以關閉選項： :set noic
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 7.1: GETTING HELP
7.1節：使用幫助
** Use the on-line help system **
**使用在線幫助系統**
Vim has a comprehensive on-line help system. To get started, try one of
these three:
- press the <HELP> key (if you have one)
- press the <F1> key (if you have one)
- type :help <ENTER>
vim 有一個廣泛的在線幫助系統。要啟用之，可試試這三種之一：
- 按 <help> (如果你有）
- 按 <F1> (如果你有）
- 按 ：help <enter>
Read the text in the help window to find out how the help works.
Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump from one window to another.
Type :q <ENTER> to close the help window.
閱讀help窗口以查看help是如何進行的。
Type CTRL-W CTRL-W 從一個窗口跳轉到另一個窗口。
Type :q <ENTER> 關閉幫助 窗口。
You can find help on just about any subject, by giving an argument to the
":help" command. Try these (don‘t forget pressing <ENTER>):
:help w
:help c_CTRL-D
:help insert-index
:help user-manual
你可以通過為":help"給一個參數找到任何主題的幫助,試試這些（別忘了<enter>)
:help w
:help c_CTRL-D
:help insert-index
:help user-manual
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 7.2: CREATE A STARTUP SCRIPT
7.2節：創建啟動腳本
** Enable Vim features **
**啟用VIM特性**
Vim has many more features than Vi, but most of them are disabled by
default. To start using more features you have to create a "vimrc" file.
VIM 擁有比vi更多的特性，但是大多數是被默認禁止的。要使用更多的
特性，你可創建“vimrc”文件。
1. Start editing the "vimrc" file. This depends on your system:
:e ~/.vimrc for Unix
:e $VIM/_vimrc for MS-Windows
1. 開始編輯“vimrc”文件，這依賴於你的系統。
:e ~/.vimrc for Unix
:e $VIM/_vimrc for MS-Windows
2. Now read the example "vimrc" file contents:
:r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
2. 現在閱讀下“vimrc”文件的例子：
:r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
3. Write the file with:保存文件
:w
The next time you start Vim it will use syntax highlighting.
You can add all your preferred settings to this "vimrc" file.
For more information type :help vimrc-intro
下次，你啟動VIM後，它會使語法高亮，你可以在“vimrc”中添加所有你喜歡的
設置。
更多信息請鍵入 ：help vimrc-intro
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 7.3: COMPLETION
7.3節：補齊
** Command line completion with CTRL-D and <TAB> **
××使用CTRL-D和<TAB>使命令行補齊××
1. Make sure Vim is not in compatible mode: :set nocp
1. 確保VIM 處於非兼容模式： :set nocp
2. Look what files exist in the directory: :!ls or :!dir
2. 看看目錄下有什麽文件存在： :!ls or :!dir
3. Type the start of a command: :e
3. 鍵入命令的開始部分： :e
4. Press CTRL-D and Vim will show a list of commands that start with "e".
4. 按 CTRL-D ，VIM會顯示以“e”開頭的清單。
5. Press <TAB> and Vim will complete the command name to ":edit".
5. 按下<TAB>，VIM會以“：edit"補齊命令名。
6. Now add a space and the start of an existing file name: :edit FIL
6. 現在 添加一個空格和己存的文件名頭部： :edit FIL
7. Press <TAB>. Vim will complete the name (if it is unique).
7. 按<tab>，vim會完成余下的文件名（如果它是獨有的話）。
NOTE: Completion works for many commands. Just try pressing CTRL-D and
<TAB>. It is especially useful for :help .
註：補齊針對大多數命令有效，只需按CTRL-R和<TAB>.特別是對 ：help 非常有用 。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lesson 7 SUMMARY
第七課總結
1. Type :help or press <F1> or <Help> to open a help window.
1. 鍵入 ：help 或 <F1> 或<help>以打開幫助窗口
2. Type :help cmd to find help on cmd .
2. 鍵入 ：help cmd 以找出關於cmd的幫助 。
3. Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump to another window
3. 鍵入 CTRL-W 以跳轉到另一窗口。
4. Type :q to close the help window
4. 鍵入 ：q 以關閉幫助窗口。
5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.
5.創建 vimrc 啟動腳本以保存你喜歡的設置。
6. When typing a : command, press CTRL-D to see possible completions.
Press <TAB> to use one completion.
6. 當鍵入 ：command 時，按下CTRL-D 以查看可能的補齊。
按<tab>使用其中一個補齊。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This concludes the Vim Tutor. It was intended to give a brief overview of
the Vim editor, just enough to allow you to use the editor fairly easily.
It is far from complete as Vim has many many more commands. Read the user
manual next: ":help user-manual".
本文總結了vim教程。它原本給出了VIM編輯器的簡短的概要，只能足以讓你很容易地
使用編輯器。這遠沒有完成，因為VIM在如此眾多的命令。請閱讀下面的用戶手冊：
：help user-manual
For further reading and studying, this book is recommended:
Vim - Vi Improved - by Steve Oualline
Publisher: New Riders
The first book completely dedicated to Vim. Especially useful for beginners.
There are many examples and pictures.
See http://iccf-holland.org/click5.html
要進一步的閱讀和學習，我們推薦這本書：
Vim - Vi Improved -作者Steve Oualline
出版社：New Riders
第一本書專門針對 Vim. 特別適合 新手.
其中有許多實例和圖示。
See http://iccf-holland.org/click5.html
This book is older and more about Vi than Vim, but also recommended:
Learning the Vi Editor - by Linda Lamb
Publisher: O‘Reilly & Associates Inc.
It is a good book to get to know almost anything you want to do with Vi.
The sixth edition also includes information on Vim.
這本書比較老並且主要內容是VI而非vim，但是仍值得推薦：
Learning the Vi Editor - by Linda Lamb
出版社: O‘Reilly & Associates Inc.
它是一本能告訴你你想利用VI做的幾乎所有事情的好書。
此書的第三版也包含了有關VIM的內容。
This tutorial was written by Michael C. Pierce and Robert K. Ware,
Colorado School of Mines using ideas supplied by Charles Smith,
Colorado State University. E-mail: [email protected].
Modified for Vim by Bram Moolenaar.
本教程由科羅拉多礦業學院的Michael C. Pierce 和 Robert K. Ware編寫，同時Charles Smith 提供了很多創意。
E-mail: [email protected].
Bram Moolenaar 為VIM對本教程作了修訂。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
=====================================================
下面是我的補充，絕大部分內容取自：
vi improved簡介
[email protected](滇狐）
清華大學軟件學院
北大linux俱樂部
====================================================
CTRL+F：往下翻頁
CTRL+B：往上翻頁
的輸入：使用CTRL+V，CTRL+M
行的拼接：
在選擇模式選中要拼接的行：ggvG
輸入： :‘<,‘>j<enter>
註：普通的j用於拼接單行。
列操作：
選中全文的第一列
按gg跳至開頭
按CTRL——V進入列選擇狀態:visula block
按G到末尾
將每行的第一列變為大寫
按U將選中內容變大寫
按u將選中內容變小寫
按~將大小翻轉。
列操作：在第行前加一個星號和空格：
選中第一列
按I進入插入狀態
輸入:*<space><ESC>
選中前兩列後按x，可時行列刪除
宏的錄制：將所有偶數行後加入OK！
按gg進入第一行
按qm進入宏錄制
按j$進入第二行尾
按aok!以輸入ok!
按<esc>返回
按j到下一行
按q結束宏錄制
宏的播放：（接上面的步驟）
單次播放：
按下@m,執行m寄存器中的宏
可以發現第4行中的尾已經加入了ok!
多次播放：
按下100@m，這裏重復播放100次宏。
點號（重復上一次命令）：
將第行尾加一個感嘆號
按ggA!以在第一行添加感嘆號
按<esc>j以到下一行。
按.表示重復前一個操作，即在執行A!<esc>以在行尾添加一個感嘆號。
反復按j.j.j.j.j.
:%s/$/!/g
========================.virc for beginners==================
基本設置
set nocp 設置不兼容模式
set ru 打開狀態欄標尺
set hls 搜索時高亮顯示找到的文本
set is 遞進搜索
syntax on 打開關鍵字上色
set backspace=indent,eol,start
set whichrap=b,s,<,>,[,]
h,l,~
set sw=4 縮進尺寸4個空格
set ts=4 Tab寬度為4個字符
set et 將所有的TAB替換為空格
C/C++編碼設置
set cin 自動縮進
set ai 還是自動縮進
set cino=:0g0t0(sus
set sm 顯示括號匹配
在console下粘貼版式的問題
:set paste
:set nopaste
= 命令重調格式
斷行設置
set lbr 不在單詞中間斷行
圖形界面與字符界面分別設置
if (has("gui_running")) 圖形界面設置
set nowrap 不拆行
set guioptions+=b 水平流動條
colo torte 配色方案
else 字符界面設置
set wrap 拆行
colo ron 配色方案
endif
==========================粘一點點ubuntu置頂中的東西===================
如何找到上次編輯的文件：
ctrl+O《兩次》 其中的O是大寫
如何復制粘貼？
復制
方法一：
先ma標記當前位置為a，移動到新的位置，再y`a或者y‘a復制從標記位置a到當前位置的內容。`和‘的區別：`以字符為單位，‘以行為單位。這個方法應該是所有vi都適用的。（如果不對請指正。）
方法二： 按v或V或Ctrl+V進入visual模式，移動光標選擇一段內容，按y(若要使用系統黏貼板，按"+y)。三者的區別： v以字符為單位，V以行為單位，Ctrl+V是塊選擇。這個方法只在VIM下適用。
粘貼
p或P。區別：前者粘貼到光標後面，後者粘貼到光標前面。
如何在多個文件中進行替換？
一般可以用sed或者vim來做。比如要對當前目錄下的*.c文件進行替換： 方法一：
代碼:
for i in *.c; do
sed -i -e ‘s/oldvalue/newvalue/g‘ $i
done
方法二：
代碼:
vim *.c
:argdo %s/oldvalue/newvalue/ge | update
請通過vim練習：vim vimtutor