Nextcloud13私有雲盤安裝指南
一、環境說明：
※操作系統版本CentOS 7.5 Minimal-1804
※操作系統版本已經使用163 YUM源
※ Nextcloud版本 13.05
※ 數據庫使用MariaDB，安裝在同一臺機器，
※ 參考鏈接https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/8343060.html
※ 參考鏈接 https://blog.csdn.net/kyotrue/article/details/77934724?locationNum=5&fps=1
二、安裝倉庫源及基礎軟件
添加EPEL包的倉庫源
yum -y install epel-release
添加 PHP7-FPM webtatic 倉庫
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
安裝基礎環境：
yum -y install nginx redis unzip wget mariadb mariadb-server
三、安裝PHP7和PHP7-FPM
yum -y install php72w-fpm php72w-cli php72w-gd php72w-mcrypt php72w-mysql php72w-pear php72w-xml php72w-mbstring php72w-pdo php72w-json php72w-opcache php72w-pecl-apcu php72w-pecl-apcu-devel php72w-pecl-igbinary php72w-pecl-igbinary-devel php72w-pecl-imagick php72w-pecl-imagick-devel php72w-pecl-redis php72w-pecl-redis-devel php72w-ldap
四、配置PHP-FPM
1、我們需要配置 php-fpm 與 Nginx 協同運行。,hp7-fpm 將使用 nginx 用戶來運行，並監聽 9000 端口。
使用 vi 編輯默認的 php7-fpm 配置文件。
vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
修改以下不連續的記錄點，修改用戶，指定端口，啟用環境變量。
<<www.conf>>
#Line 8-10
user = nginx
group = nginx
#Line 22
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
#Line 366-370
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp
2、保存文件並退出 vim 編輯器. 需要在 /var/lib/ 目錄下創建一個新的文件夾 session，並將其擁有者變更為 nginx 用戶。
mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session
chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/
3、vi /etc/php.d/opcache.ini 將以下行註釋掉，修改為對應的配置值：
<<opcache.ini>>
zend_extension=opcache.so
opcache.enable=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000
opcache.revalidate_freq=1
opcache.save_comments=1
4、啟動服務、設為開機啟動
systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start mariadb
systemctl start redis
systemctl enable redis
systemctl enable php-fpm
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl enable mariadb
五、配置MariaDB
1、MySQL初始化指令初始化root用戶，默認密碼為空（此步可以先忽略）
mysql_secure_installation
#配置過程
Set root password? [Y/n] Y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
2、創建數據庫、創建庫用戶、用戶授權
mysql -u root -p
create database nextcloud;
create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by ‘nextclouduser@‘;
grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘nextclouduser@‘;
flush privileges;
exit
六、安裝SSL證書
我們可以自己生成SSL證書，也可以申請專業的SSL證書。自簽名的SSL證書在使用的時候會報錯，建議使用有資質的SSL證書。
安裝過程如下：
1、為 SSL 文件創建新目錄：
mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert
2、創建證書（生產環境請購買公網SSL證書）
openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/pan.mcitp.cn.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/pan.mcitp.cn.key
3、在該目錄下儲存申請過的SSL證書，並設置證書的權限：
chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert
chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*
七、下載和初步安裝 Nextcloud
1、開始下載nextcloud 並解壓 （也可以先下載到windows,再通過xftp上傳）
mkdir -p /var/www/nextcloud
cd /var/www/nextcloud
wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-13.0.5.zip
unzip nextcloud-13.0.5.zip
mv /var/www/nextcloud/web/* /var/www/nextcloud
2、為NextCloud創建文件儲存文件夾，並授予一定的權限
mkdir -p /var/www/nextcloud/data
chown nginx:nginx -R /var/www/nextcloud/
3、手動指定雲盤文件儲存位置（配置文件中有默認配置）
vi /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.sample.php
找到如下字段（默認值為 /var/www/nextcloud/data）：
‘datadirectory‘ => ‘/var/www/owncloud_data/‘
八、配置Nginx轉發規則
1、創建文件：
vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/nextcloud.conf
2、參考配置文件，下面是已經修改好的文件，直接上傳至 /etc/nginx/conf.d/ 即可）nextcloud官方文檔
upstream php-handler {
server 127.0.0.1:9000;
#server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name pan.mcitp.cn;
# enforce https
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name pan.mcitp.cn;
# SSL證書路徑
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/pan.mcitp.cn.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/pan.mcitp.cn.key;
# Add headers to serve security related headers
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
# topic first.
#
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;includeSubDomains; preload;";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
# 網站根目錄
root /var/www/nextcloud/;
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
# Uncomment it if you‘re planning to use this app.
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json
# last;
location = /.well-known/carddav {
return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}
location = /.well-known/caldav {
return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}
client_max_body_size 1024M;
fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
# Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_min_length 256;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
# Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
# This module is currently not supported.
#pagespeed off;
location / {
rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
}
location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+)\.php(?:$|/) {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
#Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
fastcgi_pass php-handler;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
}
location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
try_files $uri/ =404;
index index.php;
}
# Adding the cache control header for js and css files
# Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff|svg|gif)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
# Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
# have those duplicated to the ones above)
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
# this topic first.
# add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;";
#
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
# Optional: Don‘t log access to assets
access_log off;
}
location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
# Optional: Don‘t log access to other assets
access_log off;
}
}
3、根據個人需要修改並寫入配置：
server_name需要改為域名
ssl_certificate和ssl_certificate_key需要改為SSL證書對應的文件
root需要改為nextcloud文件夾所在路徑
4、驗證配置文件，重啟動nginx服務：
nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
systemctl restart nginx
九，網頁安裝Nextcloud
1、瀏覽器訪問 https://pan.mcitp.cn (如果沒有解析域名，請添加host文件)
十、microsoft AD集成與郵件通知
前提條件：
已經安裝了php72w-ldap，nextcloud主機能夠解析到AD域名。
1、啟用組件：
2、配置服務器：
3、配置用戶
4、配置登錄屬性
5、配置配置群組
6、更多高級設置請點擊"高級"或者 "專家"按鈕
7、配置郵件通知
十一、常見錯誤
有可能你在訪問頁面時可以正常顯示但是提示你"內部服務器錯誤"，若出現這個情況有兩個可能：
1、Nginx對nextcloud文件夾的訪問權限不夠，使用如下操作重新給予權限
mkdir -p /var/www/nextcloud/data
chown nginx:nginx -R /var/www/nextcloud/
2、防火墻和SELinux未關閉
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
永久關閉SELinux需要編輯文件/etc/selinux/config，將SELINUX=enforcing修改為SELINUX=disabled，重啟後生效
3、數據庫ERROR 1004\4200錯誤
在/etc/my.cnf文件裏添加"skip-grant-tables"
systemctl restart mariadb
4、維護模式的啟用和關閉：
cd /var/www/nextcloud
sudo -u nginx php occ maintenance:mode --on (開啟維護模式)
sudo -u nginx php occ maintenance:mode --off （關閉維護模式）
十二、安全與性能優化
1、雲盤上傳文件大小限制
nextcloud上傳文件大小的自身限制為512M，如果要想調整這個大小，操作方法如下：
1）修改php.ini上傳文件大小限制
vi /etc/php.ini
max_execution_time = 0 #默認是30秒，改為0，表示沒有限制
post_max_size = 10800M #設定 POST 數據所允許的最大大小,如果POST數據尺寸大於post_max_size $_POST 和 $_FILES superglobals 便會為空.
upload_max_filesize = 10240M #表示所上傳的文件的最大大小
#另外要說明的是,post_max_size 大於 upload_max_filesize 為佳.
2）修改nginx.conf
vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/nextcloud.conf
client_max_body_size 10240M;
3）重啟php和nginx服務
systemctl restart php-fpm
systemctl restart nginx
2、配置防火墻：
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
firewall-cmd --reload
3、開啟緩存
vi /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php 在第22行下方添加如下配置：
‘memcache.local‘ => ‘\OC\Memcache\APCu‘,
‘memcache.locking‘ => ‘\OC\Memcache\Redis‘,
‘redis‘ => array(
‘host‘ => ‘localhost‘,
‘port‘ => 6379,
),
完整config.php如下：
systemctl enable redis
systemctl start redis
4、安裝更新
yum- y update
Nextcloud13私有雲盤安裝指南