python數據類型:tuple、dict及其方法
1.tu(對象)對應的tuple(類)
元組是對列表的二次加工,元素不可被修改,不能被增加或者刪除
tu = (111,"alex",(11,22),[(33,44)],True,33,44,)
一般寫元組的時候,推薦在最後加入逗號(,),為了做區分
2.tuple類中提供的方法
(1)索引取值
tu = (111,"alex",(11,22),[(33,44)],True,33,44,) v = tu[0] print(v)
輸出結果為:111
(2)切片取值
tu = (111,"alex",(11,22),[(33,44)],True,33,44,) v = tu[0:2] print(v)
輸出結果為:(111, ‘alex‘)
(3)可以被for循環,可叠代對象
tu = (111,"alex",(11,22),[(33,44)],True,33,44,) for item in tu: print(item)
輸出結果為:
111
alex
(11, 22)
[(33, 44)]
True
33
44
(4)轉換
a.字符串轉換為元組
s = "asdfasdf0" v = tuple(s) print(v)
輸出結果為:(‘a‘, ‘s‘, ‘d‘, ‘f‘, ‘a‘, ‘s‘, ‘d‘, ‘f‘, ‘0‘)
b.列表轉換為元組
li = ["asdf","asdfasdf"] v = tuple(li) print(v)
輸出結果為:(‘asdf‘, ‘asdfasdf‘)
c.元組轉換為列表
tu = ("asdf","asdf") v = list(tu) print(v)
輸出結果為:[‘asdf‘, ‘asdf‘]
d.元組轉換為字符串
tu = ("asdf","asdf") v = "_".join(tu) print(v)
輸出結果為:asdf_asdf
(5)元組的一級元素不可修改/刪除/增加,元祖裏面嵌套其他的數據類型可以被修改/刪除/增加
tu = (111,"alex",(11,22),[(33,44)],True,33,44,) tu[3][0] = 567 print(tu)
輸出結果為:(111, ‘alex‘, (11, 22), [567], True, 33, 44)
(6)獲取指定元素在元組中出現的次數
tu = (11,22,33,44) v=tu.count(22) print(v)
輸出結果為:1
(7)獲取指定元素在元組中的位置
tu = (11,22,33,44) v=tu.index(22) print(v)
輸出結果為:1
3.字典結構及特點
dic = {
"k1": ‘v1‘, #鍵值對
"k2": ‘v2‘
}
(1)字典的value可以是任何值
(2)列表、字典不能作為字典的key;布爾值作為key時會和1即true,0即false重復
info ={ 1: ‘asdf‘, "k1": ‘asdf‘, True: "123", (11,22): 123, } print(info)
輸出結果為:{1: ‘123‘, (11, 22): 123, ‘k1‘: ‘asdf‘} 1: ‘asdf‘就沒有顯示,因為True和1這個key重復了
(3)字典是無序的(無法通過切片的形式進行索引)
4.dict類中提供的方法
(1)索引方式找到指定元素
info = { "k1": 18, 2: True, "k3": [ 11, [], (), 22, 33, { ‘kk1‘: ‘vv1‘, ‘kk2‘: ‘vv2‘, ‘kk3‘: (11,22), } ], "k4": (11,22,33,44) }
v = info[‘k3‘][5][‘kk3‘][0]
print(v)
輸出結果為:11
(2)字典支持 del 刪除(註意觀察結果無序)
info = { "k1": 18, 2: True, "k3": [ 11, [], (), 22, 33, { ‘kk1‘: ‘vv1‘, ‘kk2‘: ‘vv2‘, ‘kk3‘: (11,22), } ], "k4": (11,22,33,44) } del info[‘k3‘][5][‘kk1‘] print(info)
輸出結果為:{‘k3‘: [11, [], (), 22, 33, {‘kk3‘: (11, 22), ‘kk2‘: ‘vv2‘}], 2: True, ‘k1‘: 18, ‘k4‘: (11, 22, 33, 44)}
(3)for循環(但是不能進行while循環,因為無序)
a.輸出key
info = { "k1": 18, 2: True, "k3": [ 11, [], (), 22, 33, { ‘kk1‘: ‘vv1‘, ‘kk2‘: ‘vv2‘, ‘kk3‘: (11,22), } ], "k4": (11,22,33,44) } for item in info: print(item)
輸出結果為:
k1
2
k4
k3
和命令for item in info.keys():輸出結果相同
b.輸出value
info = { "k1": 18, 2: True, "k3": [ 11, [], (), 22, 33, { ‘kk1‘: ‘vv1‘, ‘kk2‘: ‘vv2‘, ‘kk3‘: (11,22), } ], "k4": (11,22,33,44) } for item in info.values(): print(item)
輸出結果為:
[11, [], (), 22, 33, {‘kk3‘: (11, 22), ‘kk2‘: ‘vv2‘, ‘kk1‘: ‘vv1‘}]
True
(11, 22, 33, 44)
18
c.同時輸出key和value
info = { "k1": 18, 2: True, "k3": [ 11, [], (), 22, 33, { ‘kk1‘: ‘vv1‘, ‘kk2‘: ‘vv2‘, ‘kk3‘: (11,22), } ], "k4": (11,22,33,44) } for k,v in info.items(): print(k,v)
輸出結果為:
2 True
k1 18
k4 (11, 22, 33, 44)
k3 [11, [], (), 22, 33, {‘kk2‘: ‘vv2‘, ‘kk1‘: ‘vv1‘, ‘kk3‘: (11, 22)}]
和下面命令輸出結果相同
for item in info.keys(): print(item,info[item])
(4)根據序列,創建字典,並指定統一的value
v = dict.fromkeys(["k1",123,"999"],123) print(v)
輸出結果為:{‘999‘: 123, ‘k1‘: 123, 123: 123}
(5)刪除並獲取到刪除的值
dic = { "k1": ‘v1‘, "k2": ‘v2‘ } v = dic.pop(‘k1‘,90) print(dic,v)
輸出結果為:{‘k2‘: ‘v2‘} v1
dic = { "k1": ‘v1‘, "k2": ‘v2‘ } k,v = dic.popitem() print(dic,k,v)
輸出結果為:{‘k1‘: ‘v1‘} k2 v2
pop是根據指定key刪除,popitem是隨機刪除
(6)設置值。若設置的key存在,不設置,並獲取當前key對應的值;若設置的key存在,設置,並獲取當前設置的key對應的值
dic = { "k1": ‘v1‘, "k2": ‘v2‘ } v = dic.setdefault(‘k1111‘,‘123‘) print(dic,v)
輸出結果為:{‘k2‘: ‘v2‘, ‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k1111‘: ‘123‘} 123
dic = { "k1": ‘v1‘, "k2": ‘v2‘ } v = dic.setdefault(‘k1‘,‘123‘) print(dic,v)
輸出結果為:{‘k2‘: ‘v2‘, ‘k1‘: ‘v1‘} v1
》》》以下為比較常用的常用的方法
(7)根據key獲取值,key不存在時,可以指定默認值(None)
dic = {
"k1": ‘v1‘,
"k2": ‘v2‘
}
v = dic.get(‘k1‘,111111)
print(v)
輸出結果為:v1
(8)更新
dic = { "k1": ‘v1‘, "k2": ‘v2‘ } dic.update({‘k1‘: ‘111111‘,‘k3‘: 123}) print(dic)
輸出結果為:{‘k3‘: 123, ‘k2‘: ‘v2‘, ‘k1‘: ‘111111‘}
和命令dic.update(k3=123,k1=‘111111‘)輸出結果相同
python數據類型:tuple、dict及其方法