前提:線程池與進程池一般與同步調用與異步調用一起使用,而函數回調一般與異步調用一起使用

同步調用

　　提交完一個任務後,在原地等待,直到任務完完整整的運行完,得到返回的結果之後,再運行下一個函數,這樣會導致任務之間是串行運行

　　進程池+同步調用

from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
import time,os,random

def task(name):
    print(‘%s:%s‘ % (name, os.getpid()))
    time.sleep((random.randint(1, 3)))
    return
 
 123


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    p = ProcessPoolExecutor(4)
    for i in range(10):
        res = p.submit(task,‘同步調用‘).result()
        print(res)
    p.shutdown(wait=True)

    print(‘主函數‘)

　　進程池+異步調用+函數回調

from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
import time
import random, os


def
 
 task(name):
    print(‘%s:%s‘ % (name, os.getpid()))
    time.sleep((random.randint(1, 3)))
    return 123


def re_task(future):
    time.sleep(1)
    print(‘函數task的運行結果是%s:%s‘ % (future.result(), os.getpid()))


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    p = ProcessPoolExecutor(4)
    for i in range(10):
        future 
 
= p.submit(task, ‘pid‘)
        future.add_done_callback(re_task)  # 函數回調的代碼,實現的是將future對象傳遞給re_task函數,實現了函數之間的解耦合
    p.shutdown(wait=True)

    print(‘zhu‘)

　　線程池+同步調用

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
from threading import current_thread
import time,random

def task(name):
    print(‘%s:%s‘ % (name, current_thread().name))
    time.sleep((random.randint(1, 3)))
    return 123

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    t = ThreadPoolExecutor(4)
    for i in range(10):
        res = t.submit(task,‘pid‘).result()
        print(res)
    t.shutdown(wait=True)
    print(‘zhu‘)

　　線程池+異步調用+函數回調

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
from threading import current_thread
import time,random

def task(name):
    print(‘%s:%s‘ % (name, current_thread().name))
    time.sleep((random.randint(1, 3)))
    return 123

def re_task(future):
    time.sleep(1)
    print(‘函數task的運行結果是%s:%s‘ % (future.result(), current_thread().name))


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    t = ThreadPoolExecutor(4)
    for i in range(10):
        future = t.submit(task,‘pid‘)
        future.add_done_callback(re_task)
    t.shutdown(wait=True)
    print(‘主線程!‘)

阻塞與非阻塞

　　阻塞:程序正在處理I\O操作程序會進入阻塞狀態

　　非阻塞:程序正在處在運行狀或者就緒態

程序的三種狀態:

學習日記0910線程池與進程池 同步調用與異步調用 函數回調