Hadoop的HA環境搭建
Zookeeper集群:
192.168.176.131 (bigdata112)
192.168.176.132 (bigdata113)
192.168.176.135 (bigdata114)
Hadoop集群:
192.168.176.131 (bigdata112) NameNode1 ResourceManager1 Journalnode
192.168.176.132 (bigdata113) NameNode2 ResourceManager2 Journalnode
192.168.176.135 (bigdata114) DataNode1 NodeManager1
二、準備工作
1、安裝JDK
2、配置環境變量
3、配置免密碼登錄
4、配置主機名
三、配置Zookeeper(在192.168.176.131安裝)
在主節點(bigdata112)上配置ZooKeeper
(*)配置/training/zookeeper-3.4.6/conf/zoo.cfg文件
dataDir=/training/zookeeper-3.4.6/tmp server.1=bigdata112:2888:3888 server.2=bigdata113:2888:3888 server.3=bigdata114:2888:3888
(*)在/training/zookeeper-3.4.6/tmp目錄下創建一個myid的空文件echo 1 > /training/zookeeper-3.4.6/tmp/myid
(*)將配置好的zookeeper拷貝到其他節點,同時修改各自的myid文件
scp -r /training/zookeeper-3.4.6/ bigdata113:/training
scp -r /training/zookeeper-3.4.6/ bigdata114:/training
(*)分別修改113和114上/training/zookeeper-3.4.6/tmp/myid為2和3
四、安裝Hadoop集群(在bigdata112上安裝)
1、修改hadoo-env.shexport JAVA_HOME=/training/jdk1.8.0_144
2、修改core-site.xml
<configuration>
<!-- 指定hdfs的nameservice為ns1 -->
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
<value>hdfs://ns1</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定hadoop臨時目錄 -->
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/training/hadoop-2.7.3/tmp</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定zookeeper地址 -->
<property>
<name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>
<value>bigdata112:2181,bigdata113:2181,bigdata114:2181</value>
</property>
</configuration>
3、修改hdfs-site.xml(配置這個nameservice中有幾個namenode)
<configuration>
<!--指定hdfs的nameservice為ns1,需要和core-site.xml中的保持一致 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.nameservices</name>
<value>ns1</value>
</property>
<!-- ns1下面有兩個NameNode,分別是nn1,nn2 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.namenodes.ns1</name>
<value>nn1,nn2</value>
</property>
<!-- nn1的RPC通信地址 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns1.nn1</name>
<value>bigdata112:9000</value>
</property>
<!-- nn1的http通信地址 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.ns1.nn1</name>
<value>bigdata112:50070</value>
</property>
<!-- nn2的RPC通信地址 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns1.nn2</name>
<value>bigdata113:9000</value>
</property>
<!-- nn2的http通信地址 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.ns1.nn2</name>
<value>bigdata113:50070</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定NameNode的日誌在JournalNode上的存放位置 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>
<value>qjournal://bigdata112:8485;bigdata113:8485;/ns1</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定JournalNode在本地磁盤存放數據的位置 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>
<value>/training/hadoop-2.7.3/journal</value>
</property>
<!-- 開啟NameNode失敗自動切換 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置失敗自動切換實現方式 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.ns1</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置隔離機制方法,多個機制用換行分割,即每個機制暫用一行-->
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>
<value>
sshfence
shell(/bin/true)
</value>
</property>
<!-- 使用sshfence隔離機制時需要ssh免登陸 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>
<value>/root/.ssh/id_rsa</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置sshfence隔離機制超時時間 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.connect-timeout</name>
<value>30000</value>
</property>
</configuration>
4、修改mapred-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
</configuration>
5、修改yarn-site.xml
<configuration>
<!-- 開啟RM高可靠 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定RM的cluster id -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.cluster-id</name>
<value>yrc</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定RM的名字 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.rm-ids</name>
<value>rm1,rm2</value>
</property>
<!-- 分別指定RM的地址 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm1</name>
<value>bigdata112</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm2</name>
<value>bigdata113</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定zk集群地址 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.zk-address</name>
<value>bigdata112:2181,bigdata113:2181,bigdata114:2181</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
</configuration>
6、修改slaves
bigdata14
bigdata15
7、將配置好的hadoop拷貝到其他節點
scp -r /training/hadoop-2.7.3/ root@bigdata113:/training/
scp -r /training/hadoop-2.7.3/ root@bigdata114:/training/
scp -r /training/hadoop-2.7.3/ root@bigdata115:/training/
五、啟動Zookeeper集群
進到zk的安裝目錄的bin目錄下:
啟動
./zkServer.sh start
查看狀態
./zkServer.sh status
六、在bigdata112和bigdata113上啟動journalnode
hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode
七、格式化HDFS(在bigdata112上執行)
- 格式化HDFS
hdfs namenode -format
2.將112上這臺的/training/hadoop-2.7.3/tmp/dfs拷貝到bigdata13的/training/hadoop-2.7.3/tmp/dfs下
scp -r /training/hadoop-2.7.3/tmp/dfs/* root@bigdata113:/training/hadoop-2.7.3/tmp/dfs/
3.格式化zookeeper
hdfs zkfc -formatZK
日誌:
17/07/13 00:34:33 INFO ha.ActiveStandbyElector: Successfully created /hadoop-ha/ns1 in ZK.
八、在bigdata12上啟動Hadoop集群
start-all.sh
日誌:
Starting namenodes on [bigdata12 bigdata13]
bigdata12: starting namenode, logging to /root/training/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-root-namenode-hadoop113.out
bigdata13: starting namenode, logging to /root/training/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-root-namenode-hadoop112.out
bigdata14: starting datanode, logging to /root/training/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-hadoop115.out
bigdata15: starting datanode, logging to /root/training/hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-hadoop114.out
bigdata13: starting zkfc, logging to /root/training/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/hadoop-root-zkfc-bigdata13.out
bigdata12: starting zkfc, logging to /root/training/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/hadoop-root-zkfc-bigdata12.out
bigdata113上的ResourceManager需要單獨啟動
命令:yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager
九、問題延伸
1、隔離機制和隔離級別
(*)關系型數據庫:如果不考慮事務隔離級別,造成臟讀、不可重復讀、幻讀
(*)HDFS的HA:如果不考慮隔離機制(隔離級別),造成腦裂的問題
2、什麽是腦裂的問題?
腦裂的問題,針對的是數據節點(DataNode)
由於某種原因,造成了整個HDFS中存在多個active的NameDode,這時候DataNode就不知道誰是真正的NameNode。
Hadoop的HA環境搭建