9. 菜單

使用Menu類創建菜單欄和菜單，再使用add_command方法給菜單增加條目。

 1 # Program 9.13
 2 from tkinter import *
 3 
 4 class MenuDemo:
 5     def __init__(self):
 6         window = Tk()
 7         window.title("Menu Demo")
 8 
 9         menubar = Menu(window);
10         window.config(menu = menubar)
11 
12         operationMenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff = 0)
 
13         menubar.add_cascade(label = "Operation", menu = operationMenu)
14         operationMenu.add_command(label = "Add", command = self.add)
15         operationMenu.add_command(label = "Subtract", command = self.subtract)
16         operationMenu.add_separator()
17         operationMenu.add_command(label = "
 
Multiply", command = self.multiply)
18         operationMenu.add_command(label = "Divide", command = self.divide)
19 
20         exitmenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff = 0)
21         menubar.add_cascade(label = "Exit", menu = exitmenu)
22         exitmenu.add_command(label = "Quit", command = window.quit)
 
23 
24         frame0 = Frame(window)
25         frame0.grid(row = 1, column = 1, sticky = W)
26 
27         plusImage = PhotoImage(file = "image/plus.gif")
28         minusImage = PhotoImage(file = "image/minus.gif")
29         timesImage = PhotoImage(file = "image/times.gif")
30         divideImage = PhotoImage(file = "image/divide.gif")
31 
32         Button(frame0, image = plusImage, command = self.add).grid(row = 1, column = 1, sticky = W)
33         Button(frame0, image = minusImage, command = self.subtract).grid(row = 1, column = 2)
34         Button(frame0, image = timesImage, command = self.multiply).grid(row = 1, column = 3)
35         Button(frame0, image = divideImage, command = self.divide).grid(row = 1, column = 4)
36 
37         frame1 = Frame(window)
38         frame1.grid(row = 2, column = 1, pady = 10)
39         Label(frame1, text = "Number 1:").pack(side = LEFT)
40         self.v1 = StringVar()
41         Entry(frame1, width = 5, textvariable = self.v1, justify = RIGHT).pack(side = LEFT)
42         Label(frame1, text = "Number 2:").pack(side = LEFT)
43         self.v2 = StringVar()
44         Entry(frame1, width = 5, textvariable = self.v2, justify = RIGHT).pack(side = LEFT)
45         Label(frame1, text = "Result:").pack(side = LEFT)
46         self.v3 = StringVar()
47         Entry(frame1, width = 5, textvariable = self.v3, justify = RIGHT).pack(side = LEFT)
48 
49         frame2 = Frame(window)
50         frame2.grid(row = 3, column = 1, pady = 10, sticky = E)
51         Button(frame2, text = "Add", command = self.add).pack(side = LEFT)
52         Button(frame2, text = "Substract", command = self.subtract).pack(side = LEFT)
53         Button(frame2, text = "Multiply", command = self.multiply).pack(side = LEFT)
54         Button(frame2, text = "Divide", command = self.divide).pack(side = LEFT)
55 
56         mainloop()
57 
58     def add(self):
59         self.v3.set(eval(self.v1.get()) + eval(self.v2.get()))
60 
61     def subtract(self):
62         self.v3.set(eval(self.v1.get()) - eval(self.v2.get()))
63 
64     def multiply(self):
65         self.v3.set(eval(self.v1.get()) * eval(self.v2.get()))
66 
67     def divide(self):
68         self.v3.set(eval(self.v1.get()) / eval(self.v2.get()))
69 
70 MenuDemo()

9-10） Menu()創建一個菜單欄menubar，並通過window.config(menu = menubar)將此窗口的菜單欄設為menubar

12-13） Menu()創建一個菜單operationMenu，其中tearoff = 0代表此菜單不能被移出窗口外

　　　　menubar.add_cascade(label, menu)在menubar菜單欄中新增標簽為label而內容為menu的菜單（有點菜單套菜單的意思）

14-18） operationMenu.add_command(label, command)往菜單operationMenu中添加命令（添加一個選項），標簽為label命令為command

　　　　add_separator()增加一個橫線標識區分

22） window.quit退出窗口結束程序

全） 全程序有frame0、frame1、frame2用來存放三行內容

程序運行結果如下：

Python Chapter 9: 使用Tkinter進行GUI程序設計 Part 3