python argparse用法
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-09-27
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示例一
創建文件prog.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("echo")
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.echo)
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py usage: prog.py [-h] echo prog.py: error: the following arguments are required: echo $ python3 prog.py --help usage: prog.py [-h] echo positional arguments: echo optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit $ python3 prog.py foo foo
示例二
創建文件：prog.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("echo", help="echo the string you use here")
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.echo)
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py -h usage: prog.py [-h] echo positional arguments: echo echo the string you use here optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit
示例三
創建文件：prog.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square", help="display a square of a given number")
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.square**2)
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py 4
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "prog.py", line 5, in <module>
print(args.square**2)
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ** or pow(): ‘str‘ and ‘int‘
示例四
創建文件：prog.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square", help="display a square of a given number",
type=int)
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.square**2)
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py 4 16 $ python3 prog.py four usage: prog.py [-h] square prog.py: error: argument square: invalid int value: ‘four‘
示例五
創建文件：prog.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--verbosity", help="increase output verbosity")
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.verbosity:
print("verbosity turned on")
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py --verbosity 1
verbosity turned on
$ python3 prog.py
$ python3 prog.py --help
usage: prog.py [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--verbosity VERBOSITY
increase output verbosity
$ python3 prog.py --verbosity
usage: prog.py [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]
prog.py: error: argument --verbosity: expected one argument
示例六
創建文件：prog.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--verbose", help="increase output verbosity",
action="store_true")
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.verbose:
print("verbosity turned on")
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py --verbose verbosity turned on $ python3 prog.py --verbose 1 usage: prog.py [-h] [--verbose] prog.py: error: unrecognized arguments: 1 $ python3 prog.py --help usage: prog.py [-h] [--verbose] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --verbose increase output verbosity
示例七
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", help="increase output verbosity",
action="store_true")
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.verbose:
print("verbosity turned on")
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py -v verbosity turned on $ python3 prog.py --help usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -v, --verbose increase output verbosity
示例八
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square", type=int,
help="display a square of a given number")
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true",
help="increase output verbosity")
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.square**2
if args.verbose:
print("the square of {} equals {}".format(args.square, answer))
else:
print(answer)
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] square prog.py: error: the following arguments are required: square $ python3 prog.py 4 16 $ python3 prog.py 4 --verbose the square of 4 equals 16 $ python3 prog.py --verbose 4 the square of 4 equals 16
示例九
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square", type=int,
help="display a square of a given number")
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbosity", type=int,
help="increase output verbosity")
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.square**2
if args.verbosity == 2:
print("the square of {} equals {}".format(args.square, answer))
elif args.verbosity == 1:
print("{}^2 == {}".format(args.square, answer))
else:
print(answer)
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py 4 16 $ python3 prog.py 4 -v usage: prog.py [-h] [-v VERBOSITY] square prog.py: error: argument -v/--verbosity: expected one argument $ python3 prog.py 4 -v 1 4^2 == 16 $ python3 prog.py 4 -v 2 the square of 4 equals 16 $ python3 prog.py 4 -v 3 16
示例十
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square", type=int,
help="display a square of a given number")
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbosity", type=int, choices=[0, 1, 2],
help="increase output verbosity")
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.square**2
if args.verbosity == 2:
print("the square of {} equals {}".format(args.square, answer))
elif args.verbosity == 1:
print("{}^2 == {}".format(args.square, answer))
else:
print(answer)
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py 4 -v 3
usage: prog.py [-h] [-v {0,1,2}] square
prog.py: error: argument -v/--verbosity: invalid choice: 3 (choose from 0, 1, 2)
$ python3 prog.py 4 -h
usage: prog.py [-h] [-v {0,1,2}] square
positional arguments:
square display a square of a given number
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v {0,1,2}, --verbosity {0,1,2}
increase output verbosity
示例十一
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square", type=int,
help="display the square of a given number")
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbosity", action="count",
help="increase output verbosity")
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.square**2
if args.verbosity == 2:
print("the square of {} equals {}".format(args.square, answer))
elif args.verbosity == 1:
print("{}^2 == {}".format(args.square, answer))
else:
print(answer)
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py 4 16 $ python3 prog.py 4 -v 4^2 == 16 $ python3 prog.py 4 -vv the square of 4 equals 16 $ python3 prog.py 4 --verbosity --verbosity the square of 4 equals 16 $ python3 prog.py 4 -v 1 usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] square prog.py: error: unrecognized arguments: 1 $ python3 prog.py 4 -h usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] square positional arguments: square display a square of a given number optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -v, --verbosity increase output verbosity $ python3 prog.py 4 -vvv 16
示例十二
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square", type=int,
help="display a square of a given number")
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbosity", action="count",
help="increase output verbosity")
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.square**2
# bugfix: replace == with >=
if args.verbosity >= 2:
print("the square of {} equals {}".format(args.square, answer))
elif args.verbosity >= 1:
print("{}^2 == {}".format(args.square, answer))
else:
print(answer)
執行結果
$ python3 prog.py 4 -vvv
the square of 4 equals 16
$ python3 prog.py 4 -vvvv
the square of 4 equals 16
$ python3 prog.py 4
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "prog.py", line 11, in <module>
if args.verbosity >= 2:
TypeError: ‘>=‘ not supported between instances of ‘NoneType‘ and ‘int‘
示例十三
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square", type=int,
help="display a square of a given number")
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbosity", action="count", default=0,
help="increase output verbosity")
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.square**2
if args.verbosity >= 2:
print("the square of {} equals {}".format(args.square, answer))
elif args.verbosity >= 1:
print("{}^2 == {}".format(args.square, answer))
else:
print(answer)
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py 4 16
示例十四
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("x", type=int, help="the base")
parser.add_argument("y", type=int, help="the exponent")
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbosity", action="count", default=0)
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.x**args.y
if args.verbosity >= 2:
print("{} to the power {} equals {}".format(args.x, args.y, answer))
elif args.verbosity >= 1:
print("{}^{} == {}".format(args.x, args.y, answer))
else:
print(answer)
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] x y prog.py: error: the following arguments are required: x, y $ python3 prog.py -h usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] x y positional arguments: x the base y the exponent optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -v, --verbosity $ python3 prog.py 4 2 -v 4^2 == 16
示例十五
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("x", type=int, help="the base")
parser.add_argument("y", type=int, help="the exponent")
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbosity", action="count", default=0)
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.x**args.y
if args.verbosity >= 2:
print("Running ‘{}‘".format(__file__))
if args.verbosity >= 1:
print("{}^{} == ".format(args.x, args.y), end="")
print(answer)
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py 4 2 16 $ python3 prog.py 4 2 -v 4^2 == 16 $ python3 prog.py 4 2 -vv Running ‘prog.py‘ 4^2 == 16
示例十六
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true")
group.add_argument("-q", "--quiet", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("x", type=int, help="the base")
parser.add_argument("y", type=int, help="the exponent")
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.x**args.y
if args.quiet:
print(answer)
elif args.verbose:
print("{} to the power {} equals {}".format(args.x, args.y, answer))
else:
print("{}^{} == {}".format(args.x, args.y, answer))
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py 4 2 4^2 == 16 $ python3 prog.py 4 2 -q 16 $ python3 prog.py 4 2 -v 4 to the power 2 equals 16 $ python3 prog.py 4 2 -vq usage: prog.py [-h] [-v | -q] x y prog.py: error: argument -q/--quiet: not allowed with argument -v/--verbose $ python3 prog.py 4 2 -v --quiet usage: prog.py [-h] [-v | -q] x y prog.py: error: argument -q/--quiet: not allowed with argument -v/--verbose
示例十七
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="calculate X to the power of Y")
group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true")
group.add_argument("-q", "--quiet", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("x", type=int, help="the base")
parser.add_argument("y", type=int, help="the exponent")
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.x**args.y
if args.quiet:
print(answer)
elif args.verbose:
print("{} to the power {} equals {}".format(args.x, args.y, answer))
else:
print("{}^{} == {}".format(args.x, args.y, answer))
執行結果：
$ python3 prog.py --help usage: prog.py [-h] [-v | -q] x y calculate X to the power of Y positional arguments: x the base y the exponent optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -v, --verbose -q, --quiet
python argparse用法