打開cmd，輸入 where python查詢Python安裝路徑

進入Python安裝路徑中的Lib/site-packages文件夾中，添加 graphics.py 文件，將以下紅色文本添加進graphics.py文件中即可

# graphics.py
"""Simple object oriented graphics library

The library is designed to make it very easy for novice programmers to
experiment with computer graphics in an object oriented fashion. It is

LICENSE: This is open-source software released under the terms of the
GPL (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html).

PLATFORMS: The package is a wrapper around Tkinter and should run on

INSTALLATION: Put this file somewhere where Python can see it.

OVERVIEW: There are two kinds of objects in the library. The GraphWin
class implements a window where drawing can be done and various
GraphicsObjects are provided that can be drawn into a GraphWin. As a

--------------------------------------------------------------------
from graphics import *

def main():
win = GraphWin("My Circle", 100, 100)
c = Circle(Point(50,50), 10)
c.draw(win)
win.getMouse() # Pause to view result
win.close() # Close window when done

main()
--------------------------------------------------------------------
GraphWin objects support coordinate transformation through the
setCoords method and mouse and keyboard interaction methods.

The library provides the following graphical objects:
Point
Line
Circle
Oval
Rectangle
Polygon
Text
Entry (for text-based input)
Image

Various attributes of graphical objects can be set such as
outline-color, fill-color and line-width. Graphical objects also
support moving and hiding for animation effects.

The library also provides a very simple class for pixel-based image
manipulation, Pixmap. A pixmap can be loaded from a file and displayed
using an Image object. Both getPixel and setPixel methods are provided
for manipulating the image.

DOCUMENTATION: For complete documentation, see Chapter 4 of "Python
Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science" by John Zelle,
published by Franklin, Beedle & Associates. Also see
http://mcsp.wartburg.edu/zelle/python for a quick reference"""

__version__ = "5.0"

# Version 5 8/26/2016
# * update at bottom to fix MacOS issue causing askopenfile() to hang
# * update takes an optional parameter specifying update rate
# * Entry objects get focus when drawn
# * __repr_ for all objects
# * fixed offset problem in window, made canvas borderless

# Version 4.3 4/25/2014
# * Fixed Image getPixel to work with Python 3.4, TK 8.6 (tuple type handling)
# * Added interactive keyboard input (getKey and checkKey) to GraphWin
# * Modified setCoords to cause redraw of current objects, thus
# changing the view. This supports scrolling around via setCoords.
#
# Version 4.2 5/26/2011
# * Modified Image to allow multiple undraws like other GraphicsObjects
# Version 4.1 12/29/2009
# * Merged Pixmap and Image class. Old Pixmap removed, use Image.
# Version 4.0.1 10/08/2009
# * Modified the autoflush on GraphWin to default to True
# * Autoflush check on close, setBackground
# * Fixed getMouse to flush pending clicks at entry
# Version 4.0 08/2009
# * Reverted to non-threaded version. The advantages (robustness,
# efficiency, ability to use with other Tk code, etc.) outweigh
# the disadvantage that interactive use with IDLE is slightly more
# cumbersome.
# * Modified to run in either Python 2.x or 3.x (same file).
# * Added Image.getPixmap()
# * Added update() -- stand alone function to cause any pending
# graphics changes to display.
#
# Version 3.4 10/16/07
# Fixed GraphicsError to avoid "exploded" error messages.
# Version 3.3 8/8/06
# Added checkMouse method to GraphWin
# Version 3.2.3
# Fixed error in Polygon init spotted by Andrew Harrington
# Fixed improper threading in Image constructor
# Version 3.2.2 5/30/05
# Cleaned up handling of exceptions in Tk thread. The graphics package
# now raises an exception if attempt is made to communicate with
# a dead Tk thread.
# Version 3.2.1 5/22/05
# Added shutdown function for tk thread to eliminate race-condition
# error "chatter" when main thread terminates
# Renamed various private globals with _
# Version 3.2 5/4/05
# Added Pixmap object for simple image manipulation.
# Version 3.1 4/13/05
# Improved the Tk thread communication so that most Tk calls
# do not have to wait for synchonization with the Tk thread.
# (see _tkCall and _tkExec)
# Version 3.0 12/30/04
# Implemented Tk event loop in separate thread. Should now work
# interactively with IDLE. Undocumented autoflush feature is
# no longer necessary. Its default is now False (off). It may
# be removed in a future version.
# Better handling of errors regarding operations on windows that
# have been closed.
# Addition of an isClosed method to GraphWindow class.

# Version 2.2 8/26/04
# Fixed cloning bug reported by Joseph Oldham.
# Now implements deep copy of config info.
# Version 2.1 1/15/04
# Added autoflush option to GraphWin. When True (default) updates on
# the window are done after each action. This makes some graphics
# intensive programs sluggish. Turning off autoflush causes updates
# to happen during idle periods or when flush is called.
# Version 2.0
# Updated Documentation
# Made Polygon accept a list of Points in constructor
# Made all drawing functions call TK update for easier animations
# and to make the overall package work better with
# Python 2.3 and IDLE 1.0 under Windows (still some issues).
# Removed vestigial turtle graphics.
# Added ability to configure font for Entry objects (analogous to Text)
# Added setTextColor for Text as an alias of setFill
# Changed to class-style exceptions
# Fixed cloning of Text objects

# Version 1.6
# Fixed Entry so StringVar uses _root as master, solves weird
# interaction with shell in Idle
# Fixed bug in setCoords. X and Y coordinates can increase in
# "non-intuitive" direction.
# Tweaked wm_protocol so window is not resizable and kill box closes.

# Version 1.5
# Fixed bug in Entry. Can now define entry before creating a
# GraphWin. All GraphWins are now toplevel windows and share
# a fixed root (called _root).

# Version 1.4
# Fixed Garbage collection of Tkinter images bug.
# Added ability to set text atttributes.
# Added Entry boxes.

import time, os, sys

try: # import as appropriate for 2.x vs. 3.x
import tkinter as tk
except:
import Tkinter as tk

##########################################################################
# Module Exceptions

class GraphicsError(Exception):
"""Generic error class for graphics module exceptions."""
pass

OBJ_ALREADY_DRAWN = "Object currently drawn"
UNSUPPORTED_METHOD = "Object doesn‘t support operation"
BAD_OPTION = "Illegal option value"

##########################################################################
# global variables and funtions

_root = tk.Tk()
_root.withdraw()

_update_lasttime = time.time()

def update(rate=None):
global _update_lasttime
if rate:
now = time.time()
pauseLength = 1/rate-(now-_update_lasttime)
if pauseLength > 0:
time.sleep(pauseLength)
_update_lasttime = now + pauseLength
else:
_update_lasttime = now

_root.update()

############################################################################
# Graphics classes start here

class GraphWin(tk.Canvas):

"""A GraphWin is a toplevel window for displaying graphics."""

def __init__(self, title="Graphics Window",
width=200, height=200, autoflush=True):
assert type(title) == type(""), "Title must be a string"
master = tk.Toplevel(_root)
master.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.close)
tk.Canvas.__init__(self, master, width=width, height=height,
highlightthickness=0, bd=0)
self.master.title(title)
self.pack()
master.resizable(0,0)
self.foreground = "black"
self.items = []
self.mouseX = None
self.mouseY = None
self.bind("<Button-1>", self._onClick)
self.bind_all("<Key>", self._onKey)
self.height = int(height)
self.width = int(width)
self.autoflush = autoflush
self._mouseCallback = None
self.trans = None
self.closed = False
master.lift()
self.lastKey = ""
if autoflush: _root.update()

def __repr__(self):
if self.isClosed():
return "<Closed GraphWin>"
else:
return "GraphWin(‘{}‘, {}, {})".format(self.master.title(),
self.getWidth(),
self.getHeight())

def __str__(self):
return repr(self)

def __checkOpen(self):
if self.closed:
raise GraphicsError("window is closed")

def _onKey(self, evnt):
self.lastKey = evnt.keysym

def setBackground(self, color):
"""Set background color of the window"""
self.__checkOpen()
self.config(bg=color)
self.__autoflush()

def setCoords(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
"""Set coordinates of window to run from (x1,y1) in the
lower-left corner to (x2,y2) in the upper-right corner."""
self.trans = Transform(self.width, self.height, x1, y1, x2, y2)
self.redraw()

def close(self):
"""Close the window"""

if self.closed: return
self.closed = True
self.master.destroy()
self.__autoflush()

def isClosed(self):
return self.closed

def isOpen(self):
return not self.closed

def __autoflush(self):
if self.autoflush:
_root.update()

def plot(self, x, y, color="black"):
"""Set pixel (x,y) to the given color"""
self.__checkOpen()
xs,ys = self.toScreen(x,y)
self.create_line(xs,ys,xs+1,ys, fill=color)
self.__autoflush()

def plotPixel(self, x, y, color="black"):
"""Set pixel raw (independent of window coordinates) pixel
(x,y) to color"""
self.__checkOpen()
self.create_line(x,y,x+1,y, fill=color)
self.__autoflush()

def flush(self):
"""Update drawing to the window"""
self.__checkOpen()
self.update_idletasks()

def getMouse(self):
"""Wait for mouse click and return Point object representing
the click"""
self.update() # flush any prior clicks
self.mouseX = None
self.mouseY = None
while self.mouseX == None or self.mouseY == None:
self.update()
if self.isClosed(): raise GraphicsError("getMouse in closed window")
time.sleep(.1) # give up thread
x,y = self.toWorld(self.mouseX, self.mouseY)
self.mouseX = None
self.mouseY = None
return Point(x,y)

def checkMouse(self):
"""Return last mouse click or None if mouse has
not been clicked since last call"""
if self.isClosed():
raise GraphicsError("checkMouse in closed window")
self.update()
if self.mouseX != None and self.mouseY != None:
x,y = self.toWorld(self.mouseX, self.mouseY)
self.mouseX = None
self.mouseY = None
return Point(x,y)
else:
return None

def getKey(self):
"""Wait for user to press a key and return it as a string."""
self.lastKey = ""
while self.lastKey == "":
self.update()
if self.isClosed(): raise GraphicsError("getKey in closed window")
time.sleep(.1) # give up thread

key = self.lastKey
self.lastKey = ""
return key

def checkKey(self):
"""Return last key pressed or None if no key pressed since last call"""
if self.isClosed():
raise GraphicsError("checkKey in closed window")
self.update()
key = self.lastKey
self.lastKey = ""
return key

def getHeight(self):
"""Return the height of the window"""
return self.height

def getWidth(self):
"""Return the width of the window"""
return self.width

def toScreen(self, x, y):
trans = self.trans
if trans:
return self.trans.screen(x,y)
else:
return x,y

def toWorld(self, x, y):
trans = self.trans
if trans:
return self.trans.world(x,y)
else:
return x,y

def setMouseHandler(self, func):
self._mouseCallback = func

def _onClick(self, e):
self.mouseX = e.x
self.mouseY = e.y
if self._mouseCallback:
self._mouseCallback(Point(e.x, e.y))

def addItem(self, item):
self.items.append(item)

def delItem(self, item):
self.items.remove(item)

def redraw(self):
for item in self.items[:]:
item.undraw()
item.draw(self)
self.update()


class Transform:

"""Internal class for 2-D coordinate transformations"""

def __init__(self, w, h, xlow, ylow, xhigh, yhigh):
# w, h are width and height of window
# (xlow,ylow) coordinates of lower-left [raw (0,h-1)]
# (xhigh,yhigh) coordinates of upper-right [raw (w-1,0)]
xspan = (xhigh-xlow)
yspan = (yhigh-ylow)
self.xbase = xlow
self.ybase = yhigh
self.xscale = xspan/float(w-1)
self.yscale = yspan/float(h-1)

def screen(self,x,y):
# Returns x,y in screen (actually window) coordinates
xs = (x-self.xbase) / self.xscale
ys = (self.ybase-y) / self.yscale
return int(xs+0.5),int(ys+0.5)

def world(self,xs,ys):
# Returns xs,ys in world coordinates
x = xs*self.xscale + self.xbase
y = self.ybase - ys*self.yscale
return x,y

# Default values for various item configuration options. Only a subset of
# keys may be present in the configuration dictionary for a given item
DEFAULT_CONFIG = {"fill":"",
"outline":"black",
"width":"1",
"arrow":"none",
"text":"",
"justify":"center",
"font": ("helvetica", 12, "normal")}

class GraphicsObject:

"""Generic base class for all of the drawable objects"""
# A subclass of GraphicsObject should override _draw and
# and _move methods.

def __init__(self, options):
# options is a list of strings indicating which options are
# legal for this object.

# When an object is drawn, canvas is set to the GraphWin(canvas)
# object where it is drawn and id is the TK identifier of the
# drawn shape.
self.canvas = None
self.id = None

# config is the dictionary of configuration options for the widget.
config = {}
for option in options:
config[option] = DEFAULT_CONFIG[option]
self.config = config

def setFill(self, color):
"""Set interior color to color"""
self._reconfig("fill", color)

def setOutline(self, color):
"""Set outline color to color"""
self._reconfig("outline", color)

def setWidth(self, width):
"""Set line weight to width"""
self._reconfig("width", width)

def draw(self, graphwin):

"""Draw the object in graphwin, which should be a GraphWin
object. A GraphicsObject may only be drawn into one
window. Raises an error if attempt made to draw an object that
is already visible."""

if self.canvas and not self.canvas.isClosed(): raise GraphicsError(OBJ_ALREADY_DRAWN)
if graphwin.isClosed(): raise GraphicsError("Can‘t draw to closed window")
self.canvas = graphwin
self.id = self._draw(graphwin, self.config)
graphwin.addItem(self)
if graphwin.autoflush:
_root.update()
return self

def undraw(self):

"""Undraw the object (i.e. hide it). Returns silently if the
object is not currently drawn."""

if not self.canvas: return
if not self.canvas.isClosed():
self.canvas.delete(self.id)
self.canvas.delItem(self)
if self.canvas.autoflush:
_root.update()
self.canvas = None
self.id = None

def move(self, dx, dy):

"""move object dx units in x direction and dy units in y
direction"""

self._move(dx,dy)
canvas = self.canvas
if canvas and not canvas.isClosed():
trans = canvas.trans
if trans:
x = dx/ trans.xscale
y = -dy / trans.yscale
else:
x = dx
y = dy
self.canvas.move(self.id, x, y)
if canvas.autoflush:
_root.update()

def _reconfig(self, option, setting):
# Internal method for changing configuration of the object
# Raises an error if the option does not exist in the config
# dictionary for this object
if option not in self.config:
raise GraphicsError(UNSUPPORTED_METHOD)
options = self.config
options[option] = setting
if self.canvas and not self.canvas.isClosed():
self.canvas.itemconfig(self.id, options)
if self.canvas.autoflush:
_root.update()

def _draw(self, canvas, options):
"""draws appropriate figure on canvas with options provided
Returns Tk id of item drawn"""
pass # must override in subclass

def _move(self, dx, dy):
"""updates internal state of object to move it dx,dy units"""
pass # must override in subclass

class Point(GraphicsObject):
def __init__(self, x, y):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, ["outline", "fill"])
self.setFill = self.setOutline
self.x = float(x)
self.y = float(y)

def __repr__(self):
return "Point({}, {})".format(self.x, self.y)

def _draw(self, canvas, options):
x,y = canvas.toScreen(self.x,self.y)
return canvas.create_rectangle(x,y,x+1,y+1,options)

def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.x = self.x + dx
self.y = self.y + dy

def clone(self):
other = Point(self.x,self.y)
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other

def getX(self): return self.x
def getY(self): return self.y

class _BBox(GraphicsObject):
# Internal base class for objects represented by bounding box
# (opposite corners) Line segment is a degenerate case.

def __init__(self, p1, p2, options=["outline","width","fill"]):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, options)
self.p1 = p1.clone()
self.p2 = p2.clone()

def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.p1.x = self.p1.x + dx
self.p1.y = self.p1.y + dy
self.p2.x = self.p2.x + dx
self.p2.y = self.p2.y + dy

def getP1(self): return self.p1.clone()

def getP2(self): return self.p2.clone()

def getCenter(self):
p1 = self.p1
p2 = self.p2
return Point((p1.x+p2.x)/2.0, (p1.y+p2.y)/2.0)

class Rectangle(_BBox):

def __init__(self, p1, p2):
_BBox.__init__(self, p1, p2)

def __repr__(self):
return "Rectangle({}, {})".format(str(self.p1), str(self.p2))

def _draw(self, canvas, options):
p1 = self.p1
p2 = self.p2
x1,y1 = canvas.toScreen(p1.x,p1.y)
x2,y2 = canvas.toScreen(p2.x,p2.y)
return canvas.create_rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2,options)

def clone(self):
other = Rectangle(self.p1, self.p2)
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other

class Oval(_BBox):

def __init__(self, p1, p2):
_BBox.__init__(self, p1, p2)

def __repr__(self):
return "Oval({}, {})".format(str(self.p1), str(self.p2))

def clone(self):
other = Oval(self.p1, self.p2)
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other

def _draw(self, canvas, options):
p1 = self.p1
p2 = self.p2
x1,y1 = canvas.toScreen(p1.x,p1.y)
x2,y2 = canvas.toScreen(p2.x,p2.y)
return canvas.create_oval(x1,y1,x2,y2,options)

class Circle(Oval):

def __init__(self, center, radius):
p1 = Point(center.x-radius, center.y-radius)
p2 = Point(center.x+radius, center.y+radius)
Oval.__init__(self, p1, p2)
self.radius = radius

def __repr__(self):
return "Circle({}, {})".format(str(self.getCenter()), str(self.radius))

def clone(self):
other = Circle(self.getCenter(), self.radius)
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other

def getRadius(self):
return self.radius

class Line(_BBox):

def __init__(self, p1, p2):
_BBox.__init__(self, p1, p2, ["arrow","fill","width"])
self.setFill(DEFAULT_CONFIG[‘outline‘])
self.setOutline = self.setFill

def __repr__(self):
return "Line({}, {})".format(str(self.p1), str(self.p2))

def clone(self):
other = Line(self.p1, self.p2)
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other

def _draw(self, canvas, options):
p1 = self.p1
p2 = self.p2
x1,y1 = canvas.toScreen(p1.x,p1.y)
x2,y2 = canvas.toScreen(p2.x,p2.y)
return canvas.create_line(x1,y1,x2,y2,options)

def setArrow(self, option):
if not option in ["first","last","both","none"]:
raise GraphicsError(BAD_OPTION)
self._reconfig("arrow", option)

class Polygon(GraphicsObject):

def __init__(self, *points):
# if points passed as a list, extract it
if len(points) == 1 and type(points[0]) == type([]):
points = points[0]
self.points = list(map(Point.clone, points))
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, ["outline", "width", "fill"])

def __repr__(self):
return "Polygon"+str(tuple(p for p in self.points))

def clone(self):
other = Polygon(*self.points)
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other

def getPoints(self):
return list(map(Point.clone, self.points))

def _move(self, dx, dy):
for p in self.points:
p.move(dx,dy)

def _draw(self, canvas, options):
args = [canvas]
for p in self.points:
x,y = canvas.toScreen(p.x,p.y)
args.append(x)
args.append(y)
args.append(options)
return GraphWin.create_polygon(*args)

class Text(GraphicsObject):

def __init__(self, p, text):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, ["justify","fill","text","font"])
self.setText(text)
self.anchor = p.clone()
self.setFill(DEFAULT_CONFIG[‘outline‘])
self.setOutline = self.setFill

def __repr__(self):
return "Text({}, ‘{}‘)".format(self.anchor, self.getText())

def _draw(self, canvas, options):
p = self.anchor
x,y = canvas.toScreen(p.x,p.y)
return canvas.create_text(x,y,options)

def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.anchor.move(dx,dy)

def clone(self):
other = Text(self.anchor, self.config[‘text‘])
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other

def setText(self,text):
self._reconfig("text", text)

def getText(self):
return self.config["text"]

def getAnchor(self):
return self.anchor.clone()

def setFace(self, face):
if face in [‘helvetica‘,‘arial‘,‘courier‘,‘times roman‘]:
f,s,b = self.config[‘font‘]
self._reconfig("font",(face,s,b))
else:
raise GraphicsError(BAD_OPTION)

def setSize(self, size):
if 5 <= size <= 36:
f,s,b = self.config[‘font‘]
self._reconfig("font", (f,size,b))
else:
raise GraphicsError(BAD_OPTION)

def setStyle(self, style):
if style in [‘bold‘,‘normal‘,‘italic‘, ‘bold italic‘]:
f,s,b = self.config[‘font‘]
self._reconfig("font", (f,s,style))
else:
raise GraphicsError(BAD_OPTION)

def setTextColor(self, color):
self.setFill(color)

class Entry(GraphicsObject):

def __init__(self, p, width):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, [])
self.anchor = p.clone()
#print self.anchor
self.width = width
self.text = tk.StringVar(_root)
self.text.set("")
self.fill = "gray"
self.color = "black"
self.font = DEFAULT_CONFIG[‘font‘]
self.entry = None

def __repr__(self):
return "Entry({}, {})".format(self.anchor, self.width)

def _draw(self, canvas, options):
p = self.anchor
x,y = canvas.toScreen(p.x,p.y)
frm = tk.Frame(canvas.master)
self.entry = tk.Entry(frm,
width=self.width,
textvariable=self.text,
bg = self.fill,
fg = self.color,
font=self.font)
self.entry.pack()
#self.setFill(self.fill)
self.entry.focus_set()
return canvas.create_window(x,y,window=frm)

def getText(self):
return self.text.get()

def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.anchor.move(dx,dy)

def getAnchor(self):
return self.anchor.clone()

def clone(self):
other = Entry(self.anchor, self.width)
other.config = self.config.copy()
other.text = tk.StringVar()
other.text.set(self.text.get())
other.fill = self.fill
return other

def setText(self, t):
self.text.set(t)

def setFill(self, color):
self.fill = color
if self.entry:
self.entry.config(bg=color)

def _setFontComponent(self, which, value):
font = list(self.font)
font[which] = value
self.font = tuple(font)
if self.entry:
self.entry.config(font=self.font)

def setFace(self, face):
if face in [‘helvetica‘,‘arial‘,‘courier‘,‘times roman‘]:
self._setFontComponent(0, face)
else:
raise GraphicsError(BAD_OPTION)

def setSize(self, size):
if 5 <= size <= 36:
self._setFontComponent(1,size)
else:
raise GraphicsError(BAD_OPTION)

def setStyle(self, style):
if style in [‘bold‘,‘normal‘,‘italic‘, ‘bold italic‘]:
self._setFontComponent(2,style)
else:
raise GraphicsError(BAD_OPTION)

def setTextColor(self, color):
self.color=color
if self.entry:
self.entry.config(fg=color)

class Image(GraphicsObject):

idCount = 0
imageCache = {} # tk photoimages go here to avoid GC while drawn

def __init__(self, p, *pixmap):
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, [])
self.anchor = p.clone()
self.imageId = Image.idCount
Image.idCount = Image.idCount + 1
if len(pixmap) == 1: # file name provided
self.img = tk.PhotoImage(file=pixmap[0], master=_root)
else: # width and height provided
width, height = pixmap
self.img = tk.PhotoImage(master=_root, width=width, height=height)

def __repr__(self):
return "Image({}, {}, {})".format(self.anchor, self.getWidth(), self.getHeight())

def _draw(self, canvas, options):
p = self.anchor
x,y = canvas.toScreen(p.x,p.y)
self.imageCache[self.imageId] = self.img # save a reference
return canvas.create_image(x,y,image=self.img)

def _move(self, dx, dy):
self.anchor.move(dx,dy)

def undraw(self):
try:
del self.imageCache[self.imageId] # allow gc of tk photoimage
except KeyError:
pass
GraphicsObject.undraw(self)

def getAnchor(self):
return self.anchor.clone()

def clone(self):
other = Image(Point(0,0), 0, 0)
other.img = self.img.copy()
other.anchor = self.anchor.clone()
other.config = self.config.copy()
return other

def getWidth(self):
"""Returns the width of the image in pixels"""
return self.img.width()

def getHeight(self):
"""Returns the height of the image in pixels"""
return self.img.height()

def getPixel(self, x, y):
"""Returns a list [r,g,b] with the RGB color values for pixel (x,y)
r,g,b are in range(256)

"""

value = self.img.get(x,y)
if type(value) == type(0):
return [value, value, value]
elif type(value) == type((0,0,0)):
return list(value)
else:
return list(map(int, value.split()))

def setPixel(self, x, y, color):
"""Sets pixel (x,y) to the given color

"""
self.img.put("{" + color +"}", (x, y))

def save(self, filename):
"""Saves the pixmap image to filename.
The format for the save image is determined from the filname extension.

"""

path, name = os.path.split(filename)
ext = name.split(".")[-1]
self.img.write( filename, format=ext)

def color_rgb(r,g,b):
"""r,g,b are intensities of red, green, and blue in range(256)
Returns color specifier string for the resulting color"""
return "#%02x%02x%02x" % (r,g,b)

def test():
win = GraphWin()
win.setCoords(0,0,10,10)
t = Text(Point(5,5), "Centered Text")
t.draw(win)
p = Polygon(Point(1,1), Point(5,3), Point(2,7))
p.draw(win)
e = Entry(Point(5,6), 10)
e.draw(win)
win.getMouse()
p.setFill("red")
p.setOutline("blue")
p.setWidth(2)
s = ""
for pt in p.getPoints():
s = s + "(%0.1f,%0.1f) " % (pt.getX(), pt.getY())
t.setText(e.getText())
e.setFill("green")
e.setText("Spam!")
e.move(2,0)
win.getMouse()
p.move(2,3)
s = ""
for pt in p.getPoints():
s = s + "(%0.1f,%0.1f) " % (pt.getX(), pt.getY())
t.setText(s)
win.getMouse()
p.undraw()
e.undraw()
t.setStyle("bold")
win.getMouse()
t.setStyle("normal")
win.getMouse()
t.setStyle("italic")
win.getMouse()
t.setStyle("bold italic")
win.getMouse()
t.setSize(14)
win.getMouse()
t.setFace("arial")
t.setSize(20)
win.getMouse()
win.close()

#MacOS fix 2
#tk.Toplevel(_root).destroy()

# MacOS fix 1
update()

if __name__ == "__main__":
test()

python安裝graphics庫