三十三節課筆記
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-10-27
oot ellipsize 實例 jcp symbol 1.3 腳本 進行 腳本語言 20.27 分發系統介紹
20.28 expect腳本遠程登錄
20.29 expect腳本遠程執行命令
20.30 expect腳本傳遞參數
20.31 expect腳本同步文件
20.32 expect腳本指定host和要同步的文件
20.33 構建文件分發系統
20.34 批量遠程執行命令
擴展：
shell多線程![技術分享圖片]()
http://blog.lishiming.net/?p=448
給你提供一本電子書 鏈接:![技術分享圖片]()
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1mg49Taw 密碼:yk4b
shell習題做一下![技術分享圖片]()
http://www.apelearn.com/study_v2/chapter15.html#shll
20.30 expect腳本傳遞參數
20.31 expect腳本同步文件
20.32 expect腳本指定host和要同步的文件
20.33 構建文件分發系統
20.28 expect腳本遠程登錄
20.29 expect腳本遠程執行命令
20.30 expect腳本傳遞參數
20.31 expect腳本同步文件
20.32 expect腳本指定host和要同步的文件
20.33 構建文件分發系統
20.34 批量遠程執行命令
擴展：
shell多線程
給你提供一本電子書 鏈接:
shell習題做一下
20.27 分發系統介紹
由於業務叠代更新，經常需要更改代碼，如果機器很多，此時為了快速更新代碼就可以使用分發系統，把更新的代碼分別發布到機器上去。其中開源的上線代碼的軟件有很多，如git等等。這裏我們使用shell來編寫一個分發系統來上線代碼。核心使用expect腳本語言，它可以實現遠程執行命令，遠程傳輸數據等操作。
準備工作
1.準備1臺模版機器，裏面是包含有最新的代碼
2.每臺分發機器的IP地址和密碼
3.分發系統腳本
由於分發系統的核心是使用expect，因此先實踐幾個例子來熟悉expect的語法命令
20.28 expect腳本遠程登錄
實例1.自動遠程登錄
expect分發主機： expect-server 192.168.1.37
expect遠程主機： expect-client 192.168.1.38
1.在expect分發主機上安裝expect
[root@expect-server ~]# yum -y install expect2.編輯腳本
[root@expect-server ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/expect1.exp
//添加如下內容
#!/usr/bin/expect
#定義變量
set host "192.168.1.38"
set passwd "Aa123456"
#執行命令
spawn ssh root@$host
#與遠程機器交互 截取特定信息 發送變量
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
interact
// set 定義變量
// spawn 執行命令
// expect 使用expect語句進行交互
// \r表示回車
// exp_contunue表示繼續
// interact表示繼續交互
// expect eof表示停留遠程機器上一會兒再退出
//為了讓遠程登錄時候出現提示，可以清空/root/.ssh/known_hosts目錄
[root@expect-server ~]# > ~/.ssh/known_hosts 3.驗證
//添加執行權限
[root@expect-server ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/expect1.exp
//執行腳本
[root@expect-server ~]# /usr/local/sbin/expect1.exp
spawn ssh root@192.168.1.38
The authenticity of host ‘192.168.1.38 (192.168.1.38)‘ can‘t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:dpBcqagKb3dleICUyCflHVb7zukCI3ViTczb9LroVU4.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:7a:2c:c5:0a:02:fc:05:f1:8c:9a:26:f6:8b:7c:76:09.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.1.38‘ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.1.38‘s password:
Last login: Fri Aug 3 00:43:44 2018 from 192.168.1.9
//成功實現遠程登錄 20.29 expect腳本遠程執行命令
實例2.自動遠程登錄，並執行命令並退出
1.編輯腳本
[root@expect-server ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/expect2.exp
//添加如下內容
#!/usr/bin/expect
set user "root"
set host "192.168.1.38"
set passwd "Aa123456"
spawn ssh $user@$host
expect {
"yes/no" {send "yes\r";exp_continue}
"password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect "]*"
send "touch /tmp/test.aa\r"
expect "]*"
send "echo 111 >/tmp/test.aa\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"2.驗證
[root@expect-server ~]# chmod +x !$
chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/expect2.exp
[root@expect-server ~]# /usr/local/sbin/expect2.exp
spawn ssh root@192.168.1.38
root@192.168.1.38‘s password:
Last login: Fri Aug 3 01:01:07 2018 from 192.168.1.37
[root@expect-client ~]# touch /tmp/test.aa
[root@expect-client ~]# echo 111 >/tmp/test.aa
[root@expect-client ~]# [root@expect-server ~]#
[root@expect-server ~]# /usr/local/sbin/expect1.exp
spawn ssh root@192.168.1.38
root@192.168.1.38‘s password:
Last login: Fri Aug 3 01:10:41 2018 from 192.168.1.37
[root@expect-client ~]# cat /tmp/test.aa
111
[root@expect-client ~]#
20.30 expect腳本傳遞參數
實例3.遠程傳遞參數
1.編輯腳本
[root@expect-server ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/expect3.exp
//添加如下內容
#!/usr/bin/expect
set user [lindex $argv 0]
set host [lindex $argv 1]
set passwd "Aa123456"
set cmd [lindex $argv 2]
spawn ssh $user@$host
expect {
"yes/no" {send "yes\r"}
"password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect "]*"
send "$cmd\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"2.測試
[root@expect-server ~]# chmod +x !$
chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/expect3.exp
[root@expect-server ~]# /usr/local/sbin/expect3.exp root 192.168.1.38 "ls;w"
spawn ssh root@192.168.1.38
root@192.168.1.38‘s password:
Last login: Fri Aug 3 01:11:41 2018 from 192.168.1.37
[root@expect-client ~]# ls;w
anaconda-ks.cfg original-ks.cfg
01:16:30 up 39 min, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.02
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root pts/0 192.168.1.9 00:43 9:34 0.12s 0.10s ssh 192.168.1.37
root pts/1 192.168.1.37 01:01 9:34 0.06s 0.06s -bash
root pts/2 192.168.1.37 01:16 0.00s 0.01s 0.00s w
[root@expect-client ~]# [root@expect-server ~]#
//當要輸入參數裏面有多個命令是需要用""雙引號括起來並使用;分號分開
//可以在命令行的後面增加set timeout 來指定命令的超時時間 -1為永遠
#!/usr/bin/expect
set user [lindex $argv 0]
set host [lindex $argv 1]
set passwd "Aa123456"
set cmd [lindex $argv 2]
spawn ssh $user@$host
expect {
"yes/no" {send "yes\r"}
"password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect "]*"
send "$cmd\r"
set timeout -1
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
[root@expect-client ~]# [root@expect-server ~]# /usr/local/sbin/expect3.exp root 192.168.1.38 "vmstat -1"^C
[root@expect-server ~]# /usr/local/sbin/expect3.exp root 192.168.1.38 "vmstat 1"
spawn ssh root@192.168.1.38
root@192.168.1.38‘s password:
Last login: Fri Aug 3 01:20:14 2018 from 192.168.1.37
[root@expect-client ~]# vmstat 1
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
2 0 0 780968 2076 120952 0 0 38 5 70 87 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 780968 2076 120936 0 0 0 0 51 53 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 780968 2076 120936 0 0 0 0 50 43 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 780968 2076 120936 0 0 0 24 40 39 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 780968 2076 120936 0 0 0 0 72 74 0 2 98 0 0
^C[root@expect-server ~]#
//每隔1秒執行一次vmstat命令
20.31 expect腳本同步文件
實例4.自動同步文件
1.編輯腳本
[root@expect-server ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/expect4.exp
//添加如下內容
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "Aa123456"
spawn rsync -av root@192.168.1.38:/tmp/test.aa /tmp/
expect {
"yes/no" {send "yes\r"}
"password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect eof
//如果沒有安裝rsync，可以用yum -y install rsync安裝2.測試
//設定執行權限
[root@expect-server ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/expect4.exp
[root@expect-server ~]# /usr/local/sbin/expect4.exp
spawn rsync -av root@192.168.1.38:/tmp/test.aa /tmp/
root@192.168.1.38‘s password:
receiving incremental file list
test.aa
sent 30 bytes received 84 bytes 228.00 bytes/sec
total size is 4 speedup is 0.04
//已經把192.168.1.38上的test.aa文件自動同步過來本機了
20.32 expect腳本指定host和要同步的文件
實例5.指定host和同步單個文件
1.編輯腳本
[root@expect-server ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/expect5.exp
//添加如下內容
!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "Aa123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av $file root@$host:$file
expect {
"yes/no" {send "yes\r"}
"password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect eof2.驗證
[root@expect-server ~]# chmod +x !$
chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/expect5.exp
[root@expect-server ~]# /usr/local/sbin/expect5.exp 192.168.1.38 /tmp/test.aa
spawn rsync -av /tmp/test.aa root@192.168.1.38:/tmp/test.aa
root@192.168.1.38‘s password:
sending incremental file list
test.aa
sent 91 bytes received 34 bytes 250.00 bytes/sec
total size is 4 speedup is 0.0320.33 構建文件分發系統
分發系統中首先用expect編寫遠程同步腳本 並指定文件列表和目標IP列表 然後使用shell腳本調用expect來同步文件。
這裏每臺機器必須使用同樣的密碼才可以同步，也可以讓機器之前使用密鑰登錄。還有讓每臺機器都安裝上rsync
其核心命令為rsync -av --files-from=list.txt / root@host:/
1.編輯expect腳本
[root@expect-server ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/sync.exp
//添加如下內容
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "Aa123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
#--file-from指定文件列表路徑 -R表示同步時目標會級聯創建目錄
spawn rsync -avR --files-from=$file / root@$host:/
expect {
"yes/no" {send "yes\r"}
"password:" {send $passwd\r}
}
expect eof
[root@expect-server ~]# chmod +x !$
chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/sync.exp
2.創建ip.list 同步機器的IP列表
[root@expect-server ~]# vim /tmp/ip.txt
//內容如下
192.168.1.383.創建file.list 需要同步文件的列表
[root@expect-server ~]# vim /tmp/file.list
//添加如下內容
/tmp/test
/tmp/test.aa4.創建 rsync.sh 腳本
[root@expect-server ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/rsync.sh
//添加如下內容
#!/bin/bash
for i in `cat /tmp/ip.list`
do
./rsync.exp $i /tmp/file.list
done5.測試
[root@expect-server ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/rsync.sh
[root@expect-server ~]# sh +x /usr/local/sbin/rsync.sh
spawn rsync -avR --files-from=/tmp/file.list / root@192.168.1.38:/
root@192.168.1.38‘s password:
building file list ... done
tmp/
tmp/test
sent 119 bytes received 37 bytes 312.00 bytes/sec
total size is 8 speedup is 0.05
20.34 批量遠程執行命令
當同步完代碼後有可能需要批量地重啟服務，因此還需要批量遠程執行命令，類似於自動化。
這裏是用expect編寫執行命令的腳本並用shell腳本來批量調用它。
1.編輯expect腳本
[root@expect-server ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/execute.exp
//內容如下
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "Aa123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set cmd [lindex $argv 1]
spawn ssh root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" {send "yes\r"}
"password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect "]*"
send "$cmd\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"2.編寫shell腳本
[root@expect-server ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/execute.sh
#!/bin/bash
for i in $(cat /tmp/ip.list)
do
echo $i
/usr/local/sbin/execute.exp $i "systemctl status httpd.service "
done3.測試
[root@expect-server sbin]# chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/execute.exp /usr/local/sbin/execute.sh
"execute.sh" 6L, 138C written
[root@expect-server sbin]# /usr/local/sbin/execute.sh
192.168.1.38
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]‘s password:
Last login: Fri Aug 3 02:40:00 2018 from 192.168.1.37
[root@expect-client ~]# systemctl status httpd.service
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-08-03 02:40:07 CST; 2min 22s ago
Docs: man:httpd(8)
man:apachectl(8)
Process: 16668 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 16678 (httpd)
Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B/sec"
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─16678 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─16679 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─16680 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─16681 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─16682 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─16683 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
Aug 03 02:40:01 expect-client systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 03 02:40:07 expect-client httpd[16678]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server‘s fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fea7...is message
Aug 03 02:40:07 expect-client systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.三十三節課筆記