記錄一則expdp任務異常處理案例
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-01
環境：AIX 6.1 + Oracle 10.2.0.4
現象：在XTTS遷移測試階段，遇到執行幾個expdp的匯出任務，遲遲沒有返回任何資訊，對應日誌無任何輸出，檢視任務狀態：
SQL> set lines 300 col OWNER_NAME for a10 col OPERATION for a15 col JOB_MODE for a20 col STATE for a15 select * from dba_datapump_jobs; OWNER_NAME JOB_NAME OPERATION JOB_MODE STATE DEGREE ATTACHED_SESSIONS DATAPUMP_SESSIONS ---------- ------------------------------ --------------- -------------------- --------------- ---------- ----------------- ----------------- SYS SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 EXPORT TRANSPORTABLE DEFINING 1 0 1 SYS SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_02 EXPORT TRANSPORTABLE DEFINING 1 1 2 SYS SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_03 EXPORT TRANSPORTABLE DEFINING 1 1 2 SYS SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 EXPORT SCHEMA DEFINING 1 1 2 SYS SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_04 EXPORT TRANSPORTABLE DEFINING 1 1 2 SYS SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_02 EXPORT SCHEMA DEFINING 1 1 2 6 rows selected.
可以看到所有的expdp匯出任務的STATE都停留在DEFINING狀態。
1.牛刀小試清異常
先強制殺掉後臺執行的所有expdp任務：
ps -ef|grep expdp|grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9然後嘗試刪除這些表（其實應該在not running狀態下刪除）
select 'drop table '||OWNER_NAME||'.'||JOB_NAME||' purge;' from dba_datapump_jobs where STATE='NOT RUNNING'; drop table sys.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 purge; ..
可這樣是沒有作用的，查詢結果不變。
甚至嘗試正常shutdown immediate停止資料庫，也無法成功，告警日誌看到有活動呼叫：
Thu Nov 1 15:14:24 2018
Active call for process 4522064 user 'oracle' program '[email protected] (DM00)'
Active call for process 4456536 user 'oracle' program '[email protected] (DM01)'
Active call for process 10027180 user 'oracle' program ' 發現這些程序的id都對應了ora_dm的程序：
$ ps -ef|grep ora_dm
oracle 4456536 1 0 17:00:09 - 0:00 ora_dm01_xxxxdb
oracle 4522064 1 0 16:50:57 - 0:00 ora_dm00_xxxxdb
oracle 7340140 1 0 14:06:07 - 0:00 ora_dm03_xxxxdb
oracle 8126596 1 0 14:35:03 - 0:00 ora_dm05_xxxxdb
oracle 10027180 1 0 13:55:08 - 0:00 ora_dm02_xxxxdb
oracle 6291888 1 0 14:31:17 - 0:00 ora_dm04_xxxxdb
oracle 7340432 8388786 0 15:22:59 pts/4 0:00 grep ora_dm實際上，這就是expdp任務的相關程序，強制殺掉這些程序：
ps -ef|grep ora_dm|grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9之後資料庫關閉成功：
Thu Nov 1 15:24:37 2018
All dispatchers and shared servers shutdown
Thu Nov 1 15:24:37 2018
ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL啟動資料庫後，再次查詢發現已經成功清理：
SQL>
set lines 300
col OWNER_NAME for a10
col OPERATION for a15
col JOB_MODE for a20
col STATE for a15
select * from dba_datapump_jobs;
no rows selected小結：資料泵任務與ora_dm程序相關；如果資料泵任務發生異常，但任務並沒有退出的情況，需要同時殺掉這類程序（殺掉後狀態就會變為NOT RUNNING）。關庫不是必須的，只是演示此時正常關閉被阻塞的場景。這也能說明為什麼要保證在NOT RUNNING狀態下才可以清理。
2.追本溯源查MOS
上面的步驟只是清理了異常的資料泵任務，但沒有解決問題，再次後臺執行備份任務依然會重現故障：
nohup sh expdp_xtts.sh &
$ ps -ef|grep expdp
oracle 6684914 8061208 0 15:30:07 pts/2 0:00 grep expdp
oracle 7143482 8061208 0 15:30:03 pts/2 0:00 sh expdp_xtts.sh
oracle 6685096 7143482 0 15:30:03 pts/2 0:00 expdp '/ as sysdba' parfile=expdp_xtts.par
$ ps -ef|grep ora_dm
oracle 7602308 8061208 0 15:30:10 pts/2 0:00 grep ora_dm
oracle 3997964 1 1 15:30:05 - 0:00 ora_dm00_xxxxdb
$ 此時查詢dba_datapump_jobs,state依然一直是defining狀態：
OWNER_NAME JOB_NAME OPERATION JOB_MODE STATE DEGREE ATTACHED_SESSIONS DATAPUMP_SESSIONS
---------- ------------------------------ --------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- ----------------- -----------------
SYS SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 EXPORT TRANSPORTABLE DEFINING 1 1 2
其他的匯出任務都一樣，不再贅述。
為了方便測試，寫一個簡單的單表expdp匯出，現象也一樣。
expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=XTTS tables=query.test dumpfile=query_test.dmp logfile=query_test.log根據故障現象，用如下關鍵字在MOS中搜索: expdp state DEFINING，匹配到文件：
- DataPump Export/Import Hangs With "DEFINING" Status When Using A Directory On NFS Filesystem (文件 ID 2262196.1)
正好這次測試是在NFS檔案系統上，MOS建議移動到本地檔案系統匯出。
這次再將expdp程序全部殺掉：
ps -ef|grep ora_dm|grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9
ps -ef|grep expdp|grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9此時查詢dba_datapump_jobs：
OWNER_NAME JOB_NAME OPERATION JOB_MODE STATE DEGREE ATTACHED_SESSIONS DATAPUMP_SESSIONS
---------- ------------------------------ --------------- ------------------------------ --------------- ---------- ----------------- -----------------
SYS SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_04 EXPORT TABLE NOT RUNNING 0 0 0
SYS SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 EXPORT SCHEMA NOT RUNNING 0 0 0
SYS SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_02 EXPORT TABLE NOT RUNNING 0 0 0
SYS SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_05 EXPORT TABLE NOT RUNNING 0 0 0
SYS SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_03 EXPORT TABLE NOT RUNNING 0 0 0
SYS SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 EXPORT TABLE NOT RUNNING 0 0 0
SYS SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 EXPORT TRANSPORTABLE NOT RUNNING 0 0 0
7 rows selected.清理NOT RUNNING的master表：
select 'drop table '||OWNER_NAME||'.'||JOB_NAME||' purge;' from dba_datapump_jobs where STATE='NOT RUNNING';
--執行結果用來執行，再次檢視結果為空：
SQL> select * from dba_datapump_jobs;
no rows selected按MOS建議，將匯出任務移動到本地檔案系統：
AIX源端匯出XTTS源資料至源端/hxbak/xtts_exp目錄中，而後copy至nfs共享儲存/xtts/dmp中:
mkdir /hxbak/xtts_exp
chown oracle:dba /hxbak/xtts_exp
ls -ld /hxbak/xtts_exp
select * from dba_directories;
create or replace directory XTTS as '/hxbak/xtts_exp';此時測試expdp任務可正常執行：
$ expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=XTTS tables=query.test dumpfile=query_test.dmp logfile=query_test.log
Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production on Thursday, 01 November, 2018 16:03:21
Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": '/******** AS SYSDBA' directory=XTTS tables=query.test dumpfile=query_test.dmp logfile=query_test.log
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "QUERY"."TEST" 6.743 MB 72593 rows
Master table "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/hxbak/xtts_exp/query_test.dmp
Job "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 16:03:57
SQL> select * from dba_datapump_jobs;
OWNER_NAME JOB_NAME OPERATION JOB_MODE STATE DEGREE ATTACHED_SESSIONS DATAPUMP_SESSIONS
---------- ------------------------------ --------------- ------------------------------ --------------- ---------- ----------------- -----------------
SYS SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 EXPORT TABLE EXECUTING 1 1 3
再次匯出其他元資料：
#expdp_xtts.sh (about 5min)
nohup sh expdp_xtts.sh &
#expdp_xtts_other.sh(about 5min)
nohup sh expdp_xtts_other.sh &
#expdp_tmp_table
nohup sh expdp_tmp_table01.sh &
nohup sh expdp_tmp_table02.sh &
nohup sh expdp_tmp_table03.sh &
nohup sh expdp_tmp_table04.sh &最後將這些匯出檔案再移動到/xtts/dmp/下，供後續xtts測試目標端匯入使用：
$ pwd
/hxbak/xtts_exp
$ cp -rp * /xtts/dmp/ 目標端匯入時只需要有讀這些檔案的許可權，即可，實際測試恢復OK。
小結：在自己的linux環境測試過是可以直接expdp到nfs檔案系統的，AIX看來有區別，MOS的建議也只是一個workaround，但也能滿足需求，畢竟元資料匯出檔案沒多大。