微信獲取AccessToken以及選單的操作
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-02
過了兩三天開始寫微信的第二個博文，最近有點瘋狂，將近兩天的時間寫了快20篇博文，以後要將缺失的博文補回來。好了，開始說微信獲取AccessToken以及選單的操作。
獲取AccessToken的原因很簡單，因為呼叫微信的介面都需要AccessToken，每天獲取accessToken的次數是一定的，而且accessToken有過期時間，本人通過java實現的，需要用到的框架有retrofit（網路請求框架），我會將此框架的程式碼塊放在博文中，現在不在此博文中詳細說明retrofit的使用，以後會陸續寫關於retrofit的博文。
首先需要引用retrofit的maven依賴：
<dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId> <artifactId>gson</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> </dependency> <!--ArrayUtils 等基礎jar--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> <version>3.4</version> </dependency> <!-- commons-io,FileUtils --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId> <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId> <artifactId>logging-interceptor</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.squareup.retrofit2</groupId> <artifactId>retrofit</artifactId> <version>2.3.0</version> </dependency> <!--json解析--> <dependency> <groupId>com.squareup.retrofit2</groupId> <artifactId>converter-gson</artifactId> <version>2.3.0</version> </dependency> <!--xml解析--> <dependency> <groupId>com.squareup.retrofit2</groupId> <artifactId>converter-simplexml</artifactId> <version>2.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.squareup.retrofit2</groupId> <artifactId>adapter-rxjava</artifactId> <version>2.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId> <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> <classifier>jdk15</classifier> </dependency>
封裝retrofit，注意的是，此出使用的是https請求(這個我弄了好久才搞出來 = =)。
package com.xichuan.wechat.common.http; import okhttp3.OkHttpClient; import okhttp3.logging.HttpLoggingInterceptor; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import retrofit2.Retrofit; import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory; import javax.net.ssl.*; import java.security.cert.CertificateException; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; /** * Created by XiChuan 2018-06-11. */ public class HttpClient { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpClient.class); public static final HttpClient INSTANCE = new HttpClient(); /** * 獲取HTTPS * @param clazz * @param host * @param <T> * @return */ public <T> T getHttpsClient(Class<T> clazz,String host) { HttpLoggingInterceptor logInterceptor = new HttpLoggingInterceptor((String s) -> { }); logInterceptor.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY); SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = trustAllHosts(); OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder() .addInterceptor(logInterceptor) .sslSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory) .hostnameVerifier((String, SSLSession) -> { //logger.debug("ssl hostname verifier with host: {}", host); return true; }).build(); Retrofit retrofitUser = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(host) .client(okHttpClient) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .build(); return retrofitUser.create(clazz); } /**(因為呼叫第三方網站無法得到證書)，信任所有的HTTPS連線*/ private static SSLSocketFactory trustAllHosts() { SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = null; // Create a trust manager that does not validate certificate chains TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[]{ new X509TrustManager() { public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { return new X509Certificate[]{}; } public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { } public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { } } }; // Install the all-trusting trust manager try { SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); sc.init(null, trustAllCerts, new java.security.SecureRandom()); sslSocketFactory = sc.getSocketFactory(); } catch (Throwable e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return sslSocketFactory; } }
定義微信請求介面。
package com.xichuan.wechat.wx.api;
import com.xichuan.wechat.common.http.HttpClient;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import retrofit2.Call;
import retrofit2.http.Body;
import retrofit2.http.GET;
import retrofit2.http.POST;
import retrofit2.http.Query;
/**
* Created by XiChuan 2018-09-26.
*/
public interface WXDevApis {
/**1.獲取accessToken*/
@GET("/cgi-bin/token")
Call<Object> getAccessToken(@Query("grant_type")String grantType,
@Query("appid")String appId,
@Query("secret")String secret);
/**2.建立選單*/
@POST("/cgi-bin/menu/create")
Call<Object> createMenu(@Query("access_token")String accessToken,
@Body JSONObject json);
/**3.獲取選單*/
@GET("/cgi-bin/menu/get")
Call<Object> getMenu(@Query("access_token")String accessToken);
/**4.刪除選單*/
@GET("/cgi-bin/menu/delete")
Call<Object> deleteMenu(@Query("access_token")String accessToken);
class builder{
private static String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com";
public static WXDevApis getWXDevApis(){
return HttpClient.INSTANCE.getHttpsClient(WXDevApis.class,url);
}
}
}
一.獲取accessToken
注意修改程式碼中的appid與secret，這個兩個引數是在你微信公眾號後臺裡面的。
public class WXTest {
private static final String APPID = "wx111112121219";
private static final String SECRET = "2eweqe12222222221211111";
private static Gson gson = new Gson();
public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
getAccessToken();
}
/**1.獲取accessToken*/
public static void getAccessToken()throws IOException{
Response<Object> response =
WXDevApis.builder.getWXDevApis().getAccessToken("client_credential", APPID, SECRET).execute();
if (response.isSuccessful()){
AccessToken accessToken = gson.fromJson( gson.toJson(response.body()), AccessToken.class);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(accessToken.access_token)){
System.out.println("get access token error!,"+gson.toJson(response.body()));
}else{
System.out.println(accessToken.access_token );
}
}else{
System.out.println("request error");
}
}
}
二.建立選單
建立選單，微信介面文件中已經給出每個欄位的含義了，在此分下一下建立選單的程式碼。
微信建立選單json引數說明
引數 是否必須 說明
button 是 一級選單陣列，個數應為1~3個
sub_button 否 二級選單陣列，個數應為1~5個
type 是 選單的響應動作型別，view表示網頁型別，click表示點選型別，miniprogram表示小程式型別
name 是 選單標題，不超過16個位元組，子選單不超過60個位元組
key click等點選型別必須 選單KEY值，用於訊息介面推送，不超過128位元組
url view、miniprogram型別必須 網頁 連結，使用者點選選單可開啟連結，不超過1024位元組。 type為miniprogram時，不支援小程式的老版本客戶端將開啟本url。
media_id media_id型別和view_limited型別必須 呼叫新增永久素材介面返回的合法media_id
appid miniprogram型別必須 小程式的appid（僅認證公眾號可配置）
pagepath miniprogram型別必須 小程式的頁面路徑建立選單程式碼：
package com.xichuan.wechat.wx.api;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import net.sf.json.JSONArray;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import retrofit2.Response;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by XiChuan on 2018-09-26.
*/
public class WXTest {
private static Gson gson = new Gson();
private static String ACCESS_TOKEN = "15_0Lv0-A6NqWq-ob8W8ufelVhwHI-SaihRYCi9Ph4I949P0QKH1aQPl3x2Fsjudc84uW9BhA3fAik1qWr2mxubQPUaQDBX3Xvlj5BXp4N69AuRU9uKTJwjBsvSbup-CXoarJu_q-HbNfk6gZr7VXRjAHAQSM1";
public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
createMenu();
}
/**3.建立選單*/
public static void createMenu()throws IOException{
//一級選單
JSONArray menuBtnArray = new JSONArray();
//一級按鈕button1
JSONObject menuBtn1 = new JSONObject();
menuBtn1.put("type","view");
menuBtn1.put("name","百度");
menuBtn1.put("url","http://www.baidu.com");
menuBtnArray.add(menuBtn1);
//一級按鈕button2
JSONObject menuBtn2 = new JSONObject();
menuBtn2.put("name","父選單");
menuBtn2.put("key","V1001_btn3");
//二級選單->menuBtn2
JSONArray menuBtn2Array = new JSONArray();
//二級按鈕Button1
JSONObject menuBtn2Sub1 = new JSONObject();
menuBtn2Sub1.put("type","view");
menuBtn2Sub1.put("name","百度");
menuBtn2Sub1.put("url","http://www.baidu.com");
menuBtn2Array.add(menuBtn2Sub1);
//二級按鈕Button2
JSONObject menuBtn2Sub2 = new JSONObject();
menuBtn2Sub2.put("type","view");
menuBtn2Sub2.put("name","搜狗");
menuBtn2Sub2.put("url","http://www.sogou.com");
menuBtn2Array.add(menuBtn2Sub2);
menuBtn2.put("sub_button",menuBtn2Array);
menuBtnArray.add(menuBtn2);
JSONObject button = new JSONObject();
button.put("button",menuBtnArray);
System.out.println(button.toString());
Response<Object> response =
WXDevApis.builder.getWXDevApis().createMenu(ACCESS_TOKEN,button).execute();
if (response.isSuccessful()){
System.out.println(gson.toJson(response.body()));
}else{
System.out.println("request error");
}
}
}
建立選單時，生產的json:
{
"button": [{
"type": "view",
"name": "百度",
"url": "http://www.baidu.com"
}, {
"name": "父選單",
"key": "V1001_btn3",
"sub_button": [{
"type": "view",
"name": "百度",
"url": "http://www.baidu.com"
}, {
"type": "view",
"name": "搜狗",
"url": "http://www.sogou.com"
}]
}]
}三.獲取選單
package com.xichuan.wechat.wx.api;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import net.sf.json.JSONArray;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import retrofit2.Response;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by XiChuan 2018-09-26.
*/
public class WXTest {
private static Gson gson = new Gson();
private static String ACCESS_TOKEN = "15_0Lv0-A6NqWq-ob8W8ufelVhwHI-SaihRYCi9Ph4I949P0QKH1aQPl3x2Fsjudc84uW9BhA3fAik1qWr2mxubQPUaQDBX3Xvlj5BXp4N69AuRU9uKTJwjBsvSbup-CXoarJu_q-HbNfk6gZr7VXRjAHAQSM1";
public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
getMenu();
}
/**3.獲取選單*/
public static void getMenu()throws IOException{
Response<Object> response =
WXDevApis.builder.getWXDevApis().getMenu(ACCESS_TOKEN).execute();
if (response.isSuccessful()){
System.out.println(gson.toJson(response.body()));
}else{
System.out.println("request error");
}
}
}
四.刪除選單
package com.xichuan.wechat.wx.api;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import net.sf.json.JSONArray;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import retrofit2.Response;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by XiChuan on 2018-09-26.
*/
public class WXTest {
private static Gson gson = new Gson();
private static String ACCESS_TOKEN = "15_0Lv0-A6NqWq-ob8W8ufelVhwHI-SaihRYCi9Ph4I949P0QKH1aQPl3x2Fsjudc84uW9BhA3fAik1qWr2mxubQPUaQDBX3Xvlj5BXp4N69AuRU9uKTJwjBsvSbup-CXoarJu_q-HbNfk6gZr7VXRjAHAQSM1";
public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
deleteMenu();
}
/**3.刪除選單*/
public static void deleteMenu()throws IOException{
Response<Object> response =
WXDevApis.builder.getWXDevApis().deleteMenu(ACCESS_TOKEN).execute();
if (response.isSuccessful()){
System.out.println(gson.toJson(response.body()));
}else{
System.out.println("request error");
}
}
}
對於會retrofit的同學來說，上面的程式碼應該很簡單，因為就是呼叫微信提供的介面而已，但不會retrofit的同學，建議學習學習，這個網路請求框架比原生態的httpClient請求方便的多的多。好了，本部落格就到這裡吧。