cobbler

• cobbler是一個Linux伺服器安裝的服務，可以通過網路啟動（PXE）的方式來快速安裝、重灌物理伺服器和虛擬機器，同時還可以管理DHCP，DNS等。cobbler可以使用命令列方式管理，也提供了基於Web的介面管理工具（cobbler-web），還提供了API介面，可以方便二次開發使用。cobber是比較早前的kickstart的升級版，優點就是比較容易配置，還自帶web介面比較易於管理。cobbler內建了一個輕量級配置管理系統，但它也支援和其他配置管理系統整合，如Puppet，暫不支援SaltStack。

部署步驟

//安裝相關的依賴包
[
 
[email protected] ~]# yum -y install epel-release 
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler  xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart
//啟動服務並設定開機自啟
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
[[email protected]
 
 ~]# systemctl enable httpd.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.

//修改server的ip地址為本機ip
[
 
[email protected] ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.225.128/' /etc/cobbler/settings
//設定tftp的ip地址為本機ip
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.225.128/' /etc/cobbler/settings 
//開啟tftp
[root[email protected] ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

//下載缺失檔案
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2018-10-29_093027_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Mon Oct 29 09:30:27 2018)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
//啟動rsync並設定開機自啟
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
//生成加密的密碼
[[email protected] ~]# openssl passwd -salt "$RANDOM" '123'
55xZOgBciOWGE
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings 
default_password_crypted: "55xZOgBciOWGE"
//重啟cobbler
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service

//通過cobbler check核對當前設定是否有問題
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
//以上兩個是關於debian系統的錯誤，可以忽略

//修改cobbler配置檔案，讓cobbler控制dhcp
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i '/^manage_dhcp/s/0/1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings 
[[email protected] ~]# sed -n '/^manage_dhcp/p' /etc/cobbler/settings 
manage_dhcp: 1
//配置dhcp
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template 
subnet 192.168.225.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.225.128;
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.225.128;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.225.100 192.168.225.254;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;

//重啟服務並同步配置，改完dhcp必須要sync同步配置
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service 
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2018-10-29_095534_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Oct 29 09:55:34 2018)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

//檢查dhcp是否正常
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           4102/dhcpd    

//匯入redhat7映象
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 防寫，將以只讀方式掛載
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=rhel-7 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2018-10-29_100115_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Mon Oct 29 10:01:15 2018)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64:
creating new distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/rhel-7-x86_64
creating new profile: rhel-7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64 for rhel-7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

//檢視cobbler映象列表
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   rhel-7-x86_64

profiles:
   rhel-7-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:

//建立kickstarts自動安裝指令碼

auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.225.128/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
$yum_repo_stanza
$SNIPPET('network_config')
reboot

rootpw --iscrypted 55xZOgBciOWGE

selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr

%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

%anaconda

pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

//檢查ks檔案語法是否有誤
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2018-10-29_102356_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Mon Oct 29 10:23:56 2018)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.225.128/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.225.128/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64"
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

//檢視當前cobbler有哪些配置檔案
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile list
   rhel-7-x86_64
//修改profile，將我們新建的ks檔案設為預設的kickstarts安裝檔案
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
//檢查當前系統cobbler配置檔案資訊
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : rhel-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : rhel-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

//同步cobbler
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2018-10-29_103235_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Oct 29 10:32:35 2018)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

//將服務都重啟下
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart xinetd.service 
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service 
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service 

• 客戶端安裝驗證
  
  選中第二個，即可開始安裝
  安裝好後，使用我們設定的密碼登入