Spring Boot構建RESTful API與單元測試實戰
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-03
一 點睛
1 相關注解
-
@Controller：修飾class，用來建立處理http請求的物件
-
@RestController：Spring4之後加入的註解，原來在@Controller中返回json需要@ResponseBody來配合，如果直接用@RestController替代@Controller就不需要再配置@ResponseBody，預設返回json格式。
-
@RequestMapping：配置url對映
二 實戰
1 RESTful API具體設計
2 新建pom依賴
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
3 新建領域類
package com.didispace.domain; public class User { private Long id; private String name; private Integer age; public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } }
4 新建控制器HelloController
package com.didispace.web;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String index() {
return "Hello World";
}
}5 新建控制器UserController
package com.didispace.web;
import com.didispace.domain.User;
import java.util.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value="/users") // 通過這裡配置使下面的對映都在/users下，可去除
public class UserController {
static Map<Long, User> users = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Long, User>());
@RequestMapping(value="/", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public List<User> getUserList() {
// 處理"/users/"的GET請求，用來獲取使用者列表
// 還可以通過@RequestParam從頁面中傳遞引數來進行查詢條件或者翻頁資訊的傳遞
List<User> r = new ArrayList<User>(users.values());
return r;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String postUser(@ModelAttribute User user) {
// 處理"/users/"的POST請求，用來建立User
// 除了@ModelAttribute繫結引數之外，還可以通過@RequestParam從頁面中傳遞引數
users.put(user.getId(), user);
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
// 處理"/users/{id}"的GET請求，用來獲取url中id值的User資訊
// url中的id可通過@PathVariable繫結到函式的引數中
return users.get(id);
}
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public String putUser(@PathVariable Long id, @ModelAttribute User user) {
// 處理"/users/{id}"的PUT請求，用來更新User資訊
User u = users.get(id);
u.setName(user.getName());
u.setAge(user.getAge());
users.put(id, u);
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
// 處理"/users/{id}"的DELETE請求，用來刪除User
users.remove(id);
return "success";
}
}6 新建主類
package com.didispace;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}7 新建測試類
package com.didispace;
import com.didispace.domain.User;
import com.didispace.web.HelloController;
import com.didispace.web.UserController;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationConfiguration;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.RequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = MockServletContext.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public class ApplicationTests {
private MockMvc mvc;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(
new HelloController(),
new UserController()).build();
}
@Test
public void getHello() throws Exception {
mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().string(equalTo("Hello World")));
}
@Test
public void testUserController() throws Exception {
//測試UserController
RequestBuilder request = null;
// 1、get查一下user列表，應該為空
request = get("/users/");
mvc.perform(request)
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[]")));
// 2、post提交一個user
request = post("/users/")
.param("id", "1")
.param("name", "測試大師")
.param("age", "20");
mvc.perform(request)
// .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
.andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));
// 3、get獲取user列表，應該有剛才插入的資料
request = get("/users/");
mvc.perform(request)
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"測試大師\",\"age\":20}]")));
// 4、put修改id為1的user
request = put("/users/1")
.param("name", "測試終極大師")
.param("age", "30");
mvc.perform(request)
.andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));
// 5、get一個id為1的user
request = get("/users/1");
mvc.perform(request)
.andExpect(content().string(equalTo("{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"測試終極大師\",\"age\":30}")));
// 6、del刪除id為1的user
request = delete("/users/1");
mvc.perform(request)
.andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));
// 7、get查一下user列表，應該為空
request = get("/users/");
mvc.perform(request)
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[]")));
}
}三 參考
http://blog.didispace.com/springbootrestfulapi/