https://www.cnblogs.com/jackhub/p/3331673.html
由於目前生產環境中沒有集中的備份條件,所以備份要考慮到可以移動再恢復性.這裡要測試的就是,RMAN全部備份的介質,我關注是否可以定期的移動到其他儲存介質中,到要恢復的時候再拿過來.

1. 備份現有資料庫和控制檔案.

RMAN> backup database include current controlfile;

2. 移走備份集,到另外的目錄/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130920T235853_93tjxkb9_.bkp

3. 檢視過期的備份介質.

RMAN> report obsolete;

RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command

RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1

Report of obsolete backups and copies

Type                 Key    Completion Time    Filename/Handle

-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------

Archive Log          1      15-SEP-13          /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_15/o1_mf_1_2_93cc8thy_.arc

Archive Log          2      15-SEP-13          /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_15/o1_mf_1_3_93ck0mxm_.arc

Archive Log          3      16-SEP-13          /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_16/o1_mf_1_4_93ftwxqj_.arc

Archive Log          4      19-SEP-13          /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_5_93o9xt7k_.arc

Backup Set           1      19-SEP-13        

  Backup Piece       1      19-SEP-13          /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/2013_09_19/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130919T011640_93odqb65_.bkp

Archive Log          5      19-SEP-13          /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_6_93qgls17_.arc

Backup Set           2      19-SEP-13        

  Backup Piece       2      19-SEP-13          /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/2013_09_19/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20130919T011640_93odvkkc_.bkp

Archive Log          6      19-SEP-13          /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_7_93qh7sqx_.arc

Archive Log          7      19-SEP-13          /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_8_93qs3s52_.arc

Archive Log          8      20-SEP-13          /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_1_93qzp568_.arc

Backup Set           3      19-SEP-13        

  Backup Piece       3      19-SEP-13          /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/autobackup/2013_09_19/o1_mf_s_826585286_93qs5xdg_.bkp

Archive Log          15     20-SEP-13          /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_1_93t8b5jm_.arc

Backup Set           4      20-SEP-13        

  Backup Piece       4      20-SEP-13          /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/autobackup/2013_09_20/o1_mf_s_826666416_93t8gcfz_.bkp

Backup Set           6      21-SEP-13        

  Backup Piece       6      21-SEP-13          /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/2013_09_21/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20130920T235853_93tkd6kk_.bkp

4. 刪除過期的備份介質.

RMAN> delete obsolete(nopormt指定無需確認立即刪除)

5. 由於我們已經講備份的介質移走了，但是RMAN的備份記錄中依然存在，清除這些資訊。

RMAN> crosscheck backup;

using channel ORA_DISK_1

crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'

backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/2013_09_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130920T235853_93tjxkb9_.bkp RECID=5 STAMP=826675137

crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'

backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/autobackup/2013_09_21/o1_mf_s_826675611_93tkdfgw_.bkp RECID=7 STAMP=826675613

Crosschecked 2 objects

6. 刪除過期的備份資訊。

RMAN> delete expired backup;

using channel ORA_DISK_1

List of Backup Pieces

BP Key  BS Key  Pc# Cp# Status      Device Type Piece Name

------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------

5       5       1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/2013_09_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130920T235853_93tjxkb9_.bkp

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes

deleted backup piece

backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/2013_09_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130920T235853_93tjxkb9_.bkp RECID=5 STAMP=826675137

Deleted 1 EXPIRED objects

7. 關閉資料庫刪除控制檔案和資料檔案。

8. 啟動資料庫到nomount下，恢復控制檔案。

RMAN> startup nomount;

Oracle instance started

.

.

RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup;

Starting restore at 21-SEP-13

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK

recovery area destination: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august

database name (or database unique name) used for search: AUGUST

channel ORA_DISK_1: AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/autobackup/2013_09_21/o1_mf_s_826675611_93tkdfgw_.bkp found in the recovery area

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20130921

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/autobackup/2013_09_21/o1_mf_s_826675611_93tkdfgw_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: control file restore from AUTOBACKUP complete

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/control01.ctl

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/august/control02.ctl

Finished restore at 21-SEP-13

9. 改變資料庫到mount狀態，從備份集中恢復資料庫。

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

RMAN> restore database from '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130920T235853_93tjxkb9_.bkp';

Starting restore at 21-SEP-13

Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 21-SEP-13

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK

Crosschecked 6 objects

Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 21-SEP-13

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 21-SEP-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 21-SEP-13

searching for all files in the recovery area

cataloging files...

cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files

=======================

File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130920T235853_93tjxkb9_.bkp

File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_1_93tlk8cg_.arc

File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_4_93tlvr76_.arc

File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_2_93tlkfwz_.arc

File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_3_93tlkqgj_.arc

File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/autobackup/2013_09_20/o1_mf_s_826618674_93rss9os_.bkp

File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/autobackup/2013_09_21/o1_mf_s_826675611_93tkdfgw_.bkp

using channel ORA_DISK_1

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 09/21/2013 00:46:57

RMAN-06509: only SPFILE or control file can be restored from AUTOBACKUP

--看提示是說oracle不能這樣恢復資料庫。

那如何使用這個備份集恢復呢？

10. 需要先將備份集catalog到RMAN備份記錄中去。

RMAN> catalog start with '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130920T235853_93tjxkb9_.bkp';

searching for all files that match the pattern /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130920T235853_93tjxkb9_.bkp

no files found to be unknown to the database

--檢視現有的備份資訊，此備份集已經能夠被識別了。

RMAN> list backup of database;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

5       Full    953.57M    DISK        00:07:36     21-SEP-13     

        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20130920T235853

        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130920T235853_93tjxkb9_.bkp

  List of Datafiles in backup set 5

  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

  1       Full 859599     20-SEP-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/system01.dbf

  2       Full 859599     20-SEP-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/sysaux01.dbf

  3       Full 859599     20-SEP-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/undotbs01.dbf

  4       Full 859599     20-SEP-13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/users01.dbf

11. 將備份集資訊編目後，就可以使用restore開始恢復資料庫了。

RMAN> restore database;

Starting restore at 21-SEP-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/system01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/sysaux01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130920T235853_93tjxkb9_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/backupset/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130920T235853_93tjxkb9_.bkp tag=TAG20130920T235853

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:05:36

Finished restore at 21-SEP-13

12. 進行介質恢復。

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 21-SEP-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_1_93tlk8cg_.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 2 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_2_93tlkfwz_.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_3_93tlkqgj_.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 4 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_4_93tlvr76_.arc

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 5 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/redo02.log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_1_93tlk8cg_.arc thread=1 sequence=1

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_2_93tlkfwz_.arc thread=1 sequence=2

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_3_93tlkqgj_.arc thread=1 sequence=3

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/august/AUGUST/archivelog/2013_09_21/o1_mf_1_4_93tlvr76_.arc thread=1 sequence=4

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/august/august/redo02.log thread=1 sequence=5

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:24

Finished recover at 21-SEP-13

RMAN> alter database open;

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of alter db command at 09/21/2013 01:45:51

ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open

RMAN> alter database open noresetlogs;

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00558: error encountered while parsing input commands

RMAN-01009: syntax error: found "identifier": expecting one of: "resetlogs, ;"

RMAN-01008: the bad identifier was: noresetlogs

RMAN-01007: at line 1 column 21 file: standard input

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

database opened

--之前講過，在使用了備份的控制檔案進行恢復之後，是需要用resetlogs方式開啟的。

所以總結來說，利用備份集的移動是沒有問題的，恢復時只需要重新編目到備份集資訊中即可。 [catalog start with ‘dir’]