恢復資料庫
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-07
Oracle:只有rman備份（資料,引數,日誌,控制檔案全丟失）的恢復
只有rman的備份檔案恢復過程
Created by foway in uplooking.com 2008: 歡迎轉載,但請保留本行說明,謝謝!
1. 通過rman備份檔案恢復spfile
2. 通過rman備份檔案恢復controlfile
3. 通過rman備份檔案恢復datafile
4. 利用恢復回來的controlfile和datafile生成redolog
5. 測試交易是否存在,並全備
我係統環境所有的檔案如下:
[ [email protected] dbs]$ pwd
/opt/oracle/10g/dbs
[[email protected] dbs]$ ls
initdw.ora init.ora
[[email protected] dbs]$ls /opt/oracle/oradata
已沒有任何資料
[[email protected] dbs]$ls /opt/oracle/admin
已沒有任何資料
[[email protected] dbs] ls /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/
ORCL
[[email protected]
2008_07_18
[[email protected] dbs]ls /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2008_07_18/
o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20080718T203240_482fls2h_.bkp
o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20080718T203240_482fkb0k_.bkp
在我這臺電腦上, ,系統中所有的ORCL相關的資料檔案,引數檔案,日誌檔案,控制檔案全部不在了, 沒有其他可用的備份檔案了,只有rman備份的檔案在,這可怎麼辦呢?
沒辦法只能恢復了,可怎麼恢復呢?
要恢復資料檔案用rman備份? 能嗎? 當然不能了,因為restore必須在mount or open狀態下.
引數檔案,控制檔案都沒有怎麼mount?
要mount必須有引數檔案,控制檔案,為此我們必須解決這2個難題了.
在解決難題前先準備ORCL的必須的目錄:
[
[[email protected] dbs]mkdir /opt/oracle/admin/orcl/adump –p
[[email protected] dbs]mkdir /opt/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump
[[email protected] dbs]mkdir /opt/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump
[[email protected] dbs]mkdir /opt/oracle/admin/orcl/udump
[[email protected] dbs]mkdir /opt/oracle/admin/orcl/dpdump
[[email protected] dbs]mkdir /opt/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile
難題1:spfile
有人說沒引數檔案我新建立一個pfile,當然這個辦法是可行的,不過在10g中rman備份是自動備份了spfile的,所以我們可以利用rman來恢復spfile了.
[[email protected] dbs]rman target / nocatalog
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jul 18 21:21:47 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> list backup;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of list command at 07/18/2008 21:24:37
RMAN-06403: could not obtain a fully authorized session
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directorylist copy;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of list command at 07/18/2008 21:24:51
RMAN-06403: could not obtain a fully authorized session
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
看到上面的是正常的,因為資料庫沒有啟動呢.
於是我們先啟動資料庫到nomout下
RMAN>startup nomount
startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/opt/oracle/10g/dbs/initorcl.ora'
starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrival of spfile
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 159383552 bytes
Fixed Size 1218268 bytes
Variable Size 54528292 bytes
Database Buffers 100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
RMAN>list backup;
RMAN>list copy;
將與上次執行看到的一樣,此時也是正常的,不必擔心,下面就是利用rman備份檔案來解決難題1了.
RMAN> restore spfile
from '/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2008_07_18/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20080718T203240_482fls2h_.bkp';
Starting restore at 18-JUL-08
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=36 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2008_07_18/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20080718T203240_482fls2h_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from autobackup complete
Finished restore at 18-JUL-08
下面是來驗證spfileorcl.ora檔案是否已存在:
[[email protected] dbs]$ pwd
/opt/oracle/10g/dbs
[[email protected] dbs]$ ls
initdw.ora init.ora spfileorcl.ora
恭喜你:spfile已恢復了
有了引數檔案,就需要解決控制檔案恢復了
難題2. 控制檔案恢復
這個又怎麼恢復呢? 用rman的自動備份控制檔案的rman備份嗎? 是的沒錯,只有從rman備份檔案中提取出來的controlfile才能使用rman備份檔案恢復datafile的.
那麼這裡有來種辦法來實現從rman備份檔案中提取出controlfie了.
方法1.
RMAN>restore controlfile from ‘/…備份檔案..’;
恢復的控制檔案將放在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/cncontrl.dbf不過這個方法有時恢復的控制檔案中記錄的dbname與實際不一致.
方法2: 利用dbms_backup_restore提取controlfile
步驟:
[[email protected] dbs]$sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jul 18 21:38:21 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
由於在剛才使用rman時執行了startup nomount,所以這裡是connected,下面我們到nomount狀態
SQL> startup force nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes
Fixed Size 1218316 bytes
Variable Size 62916852 bytes
Database Buffers 100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
SQL>DECLARE
2devtype varchar2(256);
3done boolean;
4BEGIN
5devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'T1');
6sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;
7sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreControlfileTo(cfname=>'/opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl');
8sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2008_07_18/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20080718T203240_482fls2h_.bkp',params=>null);
9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;
10 end;
11/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
下面驗證control01.ctl是否恢復:
[[email protected] dbs]$ ls /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/
control01.ctl
[[email protected] dbs]$
看到了control01.ctl 恭喜你:難題2 解決了.
於是我們可以啟動資料庫到mount狀態了.
[[email protected] dbs]$sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4 - Production on Fri Jul 18 21:45:32 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> startup force mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes
Fixed Size 1218316 bytes
Variable Size 62916852 bytes
Database Buffers 100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
我們已經恢復了控制檔案了,怎麼還是有錯誤呢,其實不用擔心,看看spfile中的記錄先
SQL> show parameter control_files
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files string /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/contr
ol01.ctl, /opt/oracle/oradata/
orcl/control02.ctl, /opt/oracl
e/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
SQL>
既然如此,我們就把控制檔案同步下好了.
SQL> ho cp /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
SQL> ho cp /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
SQL> ho ls /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/
control01.ctl control02.ctl control03.ctl
好了到這裡我們已經成功解決了難題2了.
有了恢復後的控制檔案,我們就可以使用rman檢視與使用以前的rman備份了.
恢復datafile 步驟:
rman target / nocatalog
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4 - Production on Fri Jul 18 21:49:10 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1188209463, not open)
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN>
看到了 紅色部分了嗎,太好了終於看到了正常的rman登陸資訊了.
那就list copy|backup 看看能找到我們的
o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20080718T203240_482fls2h_.bkp
o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20080718T203240_482fkb0k_.bkp
檔案嗎.
RMAN> list copy;
specification does not match any archive log in the recovery catalog
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 495.41M DISK 00:00:41 18-JUL-08
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20080718T203240
Piece Name: /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2008_07_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20080718T203240_482fkb0k_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 453304 18-JUL-08 /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
2 Full 453304 18-JUL-08 /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
3 Full 453304 18-JUL-08 /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
4 Full 453304 18-JUL-08 /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
RMAN>
太好了,總於可以使用restore,recover來恢復datafile了.
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 18-JUL-08
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 18-JUL-08
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK
Crosschecked 1 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 18-JUL-08
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 18-JUL-08
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 18-JUL-08
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2008_07_18/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20080718T203240_482fls2h_.bkp
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2008_07_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20080718T203240_482fkb0k_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2008_07_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20080718T203240_482fkb0k_.bkp tag=TAG20080718T203240
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:56
Finished restore at 18-JUL-08
RMAN>
此時可以在$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/orcl/下看到期望已久的datafile了.
[[email protected] dbs] ls /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/
control01.ctl control02.ctl control03.ctl sysaux01.dbf system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf users01.dbf
[[email protected] dbs]
不過此時還沒有完哈,需要在接在勵.
由於沒有redo log日誌檔案所以我們不應用日誌恢復:
RMAN> recover database noredo;
Starting recover at 18-JUL-08
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished recover at 18-JUL-08
RMAN>
到目前我們已經擁有了引數檔案,控制檔案,資料檔案了:
[[email protected] dbs] ls /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/
ls /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/
control01.ctl control02.ctl control03.ctl sysaux01.dbf system01.dbf
undotbs01.dbf users01.dbf
[[email protected] dbs] ls /opt/oracle/10g/dbs/
alert_orcl.log hc_orcl.dat initdw.ora init.ora lkORCL spfileorcl.ora
還差一個密碼檔案,以及相關的日誌檔案了.
先解決密碼檔案:
[[email protected] dbs] orapwd file=/opt/oracle/10g/dbs/orapworcl password=uplooking entries=5
[[email protected] dbs] ls /opt/oracle/10g/dbs/
ls /opt/oracle/10g/dbs/
alert_orcl.log initdw.ora lkORCL spfileorcl.ora
hc_orcl.dat init.ora orapworcl
下面需要大家堅持不懈的完成最後一個工作了.
那就是通過已經恢復的controlfile and datafile 來演算出redo log file了.
步驟:
[[email protected] dbs]sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4 - Production on Fri Jul 18 21:58:05 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> startup force mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes
Fixed Size 1218316 bytes
Variable Size 62916852 bytes
Database Buffers 100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL>alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=TRUE;
alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=TRUE
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified
SQL> alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=TRUE scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL>ho ls /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/
control01.ctl control03.ctl sysaux01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
control02.ctl orapworcl system01.dbf users01.dbf
下面沒有redo log file ,下面我將演算出redo log
SQL>startup force
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes
Fixed Size 1218316 bytes
Variable Size 62916852 bytes
Database Buffers 100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open
SQL>alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SQL> ho ls /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/
control01.ctl orapworcl redo03.log temp01.dbf
control02.ctl redo01.log sysaux01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
control03.ctl redo02.log system01.dbf users01.dbf
SQL>
好了到這裡,非常高興了,你已經成功的從只有rman備份檔案中恢復了引數檔案,控制檔案,所有資料檔案,日誌檔案了.
通常到這裡還需要你全備資料庫的哈,別忘了!