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lombok 簡化 Java 程式碼


title: lombok 簡化 Java 程式碼
date: 2018-10-20 20:32:19
tags: lombok
author :辰砂tj


1.介紹

Lombok 是一種 Java 實用工具,可用來幫助開發人員消除 Java 的冗長,尤其是對於簡單的 Java 物件(POJO)。它通過註解實現這一目的。Lombok官網:https://projectlombok.org

2.idea使用


1.引入依賴

在專案中新增Lombok依賴jar,在pom檔案中新增如下部分。(不清楚版本可以在Maven倉庫中搜索)

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.16.18</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

2.idea外掛

在這裡插入圖片描述
在這裡插入圖片描述

3.註解的說明

@NonNull

or: How I learned to stop worrying and love the NullPointerException.
該註解使用在屬性上,該註解用於屬的非空檢查,當放在setter方法的欄位上,將生成一個空檢查,如果為空,則丟擲NullPointerException。
該註解會預設是生成一個無參構造。


public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Integer uid;

    @NonNull
    @Setter
    @Getter
    private String username;

    private boolean flag;
}

如果測試的時候username為空的情況下結果如下:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException: username
    at com.taojian.tblog.lombok.User.setUsername(User.java:28)
    at com.taojian.tblog.lombok.Test.main(Test.java:15)

@Cleanup

Automatic resource management: Call your close() methods safely with no hassle.
該註解使用在屬性前,該註解是用來保證分配的資源被釋放。在本地變數上使用該註解,任何後續程式碼都將封裝在try/finally中,確保當前作用於中的資源被釋放。預設@Cleanup清理的方法為close,可以使用value指定不同的方法名稱

import java.io.*;

public class CleanupExample {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    InputStream in = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
    try {
      OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(args[1]);
      try {
        byte[] b = new byte[10000];
        while (true) {
          int r = in.read(b);
          if (r == -1) break;
          out.write(b, 0, r);
        }
      } finally {
        if (out != null) {
          out.close();
        }
      }
    } finally {
      if (in != null) {
        in.close();
      }
    }
  }
}

使用後:

import lombok.Cleanup;
import java.io.*;

public class CleanupExample {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    @Cleanup InputStream in = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
    @Cleanup OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(args[1]);
    byte[] b = new byte[10000];
    while (true) {
      int r = in.read(b);
      if (r == -1) break;
      out.write(b, 0, r);
    }
  }
}

@Getter/@Setter

Never write public int getFoo() {return foo;} again.
@Getter 就相對於是屬性的get()方法,@Setter就相當於屬性的set()方法。

The generated getter/setter method will be public unless you explicitly specify an AccessLevel, as shown in the example below. Legal access levels are PUBLIC, PROTECTED, PACKAGE, and PRIVATE.
這句話的意思就是可以指定設定的getter,setter的方法的許可權, @Setter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED) 這個就表示是一個protected屬性。

 @Setter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED) private String name;
 
   /**
   * Changes the name of this person.
   *
   * @param name The new value.
   */
  protected void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  

使用前:

public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Integer uid;

    private String username;

    private String password;
    
    public Integer getUid() {
        return uid;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setUid(Integer uid) {
        this.uid = uid;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

使用後:


@Getter
@Setter
public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Integer uid;

    private String username;

    private String password;
}

@ToString

No need to start a debugger to see your fields: Just let lombok generate a toString for you!

1、如果需要可以通過註釋引數includeFieldNames來控制輸出中是否包含的屬性名稱。
2、可以通過exclude引數中包含欄位名稱,可以從生成的方法中排除特定欄位。
3、可以通過callSuper引數控制父類的輸出。

@ToString(exclude="column")

意義:排除column列所對應的元素,即在生成toString方法時不包含column引數;

@ToString(exclude={"column1","column2"})

意義:排除多個column列所對應的元素,其中間用英文狀態下的逗號進行分割,即在生成toString方法時不包含多個column引數;

@ToString(of="column")

意義:只生成包含column列所對應的元素的引數的toString方法,即在生成toString方法時只包含column引數;;

@ToString(of={"column1","column2"})

意義:只生成包含多個column列所對應的元素的引數的toString方法,其中間用英文狀態下的逗號進行分割,即在生成toString方法時只包含多個column引數;

使用前:

public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Integer uid;

    private String username;

    private String password;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return super.toString();
    }
}

使用後:

@ToString
public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Integer uid;

    private String username;

    private String password;

@EqualsAndHashCode

Equality made easy: Generates hashCode and equals implementations from the fields of your object..
可以使用@EqualsAndHashCodelombok生成equals(Object other)和hashCode()方法的實現來註釋任何類定義
作用於類,自動重寫類的equals()、hashCode()方法。常用的引數有exclude(指定方法中不包含的屬性)、callSuper(方法中是否包含父類ToString()方法返回的值)
使用前:

使用後:


 import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;

@EqualsAndHashCode
public class EqualsAndHashCodeExample {
  private transient int transientVar = 10;
  private String name;
  private double score;
  @EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
  private String[] tags;
  @EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude private int id;
  
  public String getName() {
    return this.name;
  }
  // 因為有繼承的關係,所以要設定true,如果沒有,只繼承了Object類的時候,就會報錯
  
  @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper=true)
  public static class Square extends Shape {
    private final int width, height;
    
    public Square(int width, int height) {
      this.width = width;
      this.height = height;
    }
  }
}

使用後:

import java.util.Arrays;

public class EqualsAndHashCodeExample {
  private transient int transientVar = 10;
  private String name;
  private double score;
  private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
  private String[] tags;
  private int id;
  
  public String getName() {
    return this.name;
  }
  
  @Override public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (o == this) return true;
    if (!(o instanceof EqualsAndHashCodeExample)) return false;
    EqualsAndHashCodeExample other = (EqualsAndHashCodeExample) o;
    if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
    if (this.getName() == null ? other.getName() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;
    if (Double.compare(this.score, other.score) != 0) return false;
    if (!Arrays.deepEquals(this.tags, other.tags)) return false;
    return true;
  }
  
  @Override public int hashCode() {
    final int PRIME = 59;
    int result = 1;
    final long temp1 = Double.doubleToLongBits(this.score);
    result = (result*PRIME) + (this.name == null ? 43 : this.name.hashCode());
    result = (result*PRIME) + (int)(temp1 ^ (temp1 >>> 32));
    result = (result*PRIME) + Arrays.deepHashCode(this.tags);
    return result;
  }
  
  protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
    return other instanceof EqualsAndHashCodeExample;
  }
  
  public static class Square extends Shape {
    private final int width, height;
    
    public Square(int width, int height) {
      this.width = width;
      this.height = height;
    }
    
    @Override public boolean equals(Object o) {
      if (o == this) return true;
      if (!(o instanceof Square)) return false;
      Square other = (Square) o;
      if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
      if (!super.equals(o)) return false;
      if (this.width != other.width) return false;
      if (this.height != other.height) return false;
      return true;
    }
    
    @Override public int hashCode() {
      final int PRIME = 59;
      int result = 1;
      result = (result*PRIME) + super.hashCode();
      result = (result*PRIME) + this.width;
      result = (result*PRIME) + this.height;
      return result;
    }
    
    protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
      return other instanceof Square;
    }
  }
}

@NoArgsConstructor, @RequiredArgsConstructor and @AllArgsConstructor

Constructors made to order: Generates constructors that take no arguments, one argument per final / non-nullfield, or one argument for every field.
@NoArgsConstructor 相對於:

public User(){}

@RequiredArgsConstructor 該註解使用在類上,使用類中所有帶有 @NonNull 註解的或者帶有 final 修飾的成員變數生成對應的構造方法。

@NoArgsConstructor 相對於:

  public User(Integer uid, String username, boolean flag) {
        this.uid = uid;
        this.username = username;
        this.flag = flag;
    }

@Data

All together now: A shortcut for @ToString, @EqualsAndHashCode, @Getter on all fields, and @Setter on all non-final fields, and @RequiredArgsConstructor!

該註解使用在類上,該註解是最常用的註解,它結合了@ToString,@EqualsAndHashCode, @Getter和@Setter。本質上使用@Data註解,類預設@ToString和@EqualsAndHashCode以及每個欄位都有@Setter和@getter。該註解也會生成一個公共建構函式,可以將任何@NonNull和final欄位作為引數。

雖然@Data註解非常有用,但是它沒有與其他註解相同的控制粒度。@Data提供了一個可以生成靜態工廠的單一引數,將staticConstructor引數設定為所需要的名稱,Lombok自動生成的建構函式設定為私有,並提供公開的給定名稱的靜態工廠方法。

/**
 * @description:
 * @author: taojian
 * @create: 2018-09-30 22:32
 * 實際上含有這些方法
 * getUid
 * getUsername
 * isFlag 這裡是isFlag(),而不是getFlag()
 * setUid
 * setUsername
 * setFlag
 * equals
 * hashCode
 * canEqual
 * toString
 **/
@Data
public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Integer uid;

    private String username;

    private boolean flag;


@Data
public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Integer uid;

    private String username;

    private boolean flag;

}

@Value

Immutable classes made very easy.
這個註解用在 類 上,會生成含所有引數的構造方法,get 方法,此外還提供了equals、hashCode、toString 方法。 注意:沒有setter 類似@Data

/**
 * @description:
 * @author: taojian
 * @create: 2018-09-30 22:32
 * User
 * getUid
 * getUsername
 * isFlag
 * equals
 * hashCode
 * toString
 * serialVersionUID
 * uid
 * username
 * flag
 **/

@Value
public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Integer uid;

    private String username;

    private boolean flag;


}

@Builder

... and Bob's your uncle: No-hassle fancy-pants APIs for object creation!
Project Lombok的@Builder 是一種在不編寫樣板程式碼的情況下使用Builder模式的有用機制。我們可以將此註釋應用於 類 或方法。

在類上使用@Builder


/**
 * @description:
 * User
 * getUid
 * getUsername
 * isFlag
 * builder 這個方法是增加的方法
 **/

@Getter
@Builder
public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Integer uid;

    private String username;

    private boolean flag;


}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        User  user = User.builder().username("taojian").flag(true).uid(1).build();
        System.out.println(user.getUsername().equals("taojian")); // true

    }
}

2. 在方法上使用@Builder

假設我們正在使用我們想要使用構建器構造的物件,但我們無法修改源或擴充套件類。

首先,讓我們使用Lombok的@Value註釋建立一個快速示例:

@Value
final class ImmutableClient {
    private int id;
    private String name;
}

現在我們有一個帶有兩個不可變成員的最終 類,它們的getter和一個all-arguments建構函式。

我們介紹瞭如何在Class上 使用@Builder,但我們也可以在方法上使用它。我們將使用此功能來解決無法修改或擴充套件ImmutableClient的問題。

接下來,我們將使用建立ImmutableClients的方法建立一個新類:

class ClientBuilder {
 
    @Builder(builderMethodName = "builder")
    public static ImmutableClient newClient(int id, String name) {
        return new ImmutableClient(id, name);
    }
}

這個註解建立了一個名為法生成器()是返回一個生成器來建立ImmutableClients。

現在我們可以構建一個ImmutableClient:

ImmutableClient testImmutableClient = ClientBuilder.builder()
  .name("foo")
  .id(1)
  .build();
assertThat(testImmutableClient.getName())
  .isEqualTo("foo");
assertThat(testImmutableClient.getId())
  .isEqualTo(1);

@SneakyThrows

To boldly throw checked exceptions where no one has thrown them before!
該註解使用在方法上,這個註解用在 方法 上,可以將方法中的程式碼用 try-catch 語句包裹起來,捕獲異常並在 catch 中用 Lombok.sneakyThrow(e) 把異常丟擲,可以使用 @SneakyThrows(Exception.class) 的形式指定丟擲哪種異常。該註解需要謹慎使用

使用前:


 import lombok.Lombok;

public class SneakyThrowsExample implements Runnable {
  public String utf8ToString(byte[] bytes) {
    try {
      return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
      throw Lombok.sneakyThrow(e);
    }
  }
  
  public void run() {
    try {
      throw new Throwable();
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      throw Lombok.sneakyThrow(t);
    }
  }
}

使用後:


 import lombok.SneakyThrows;

public class SneakyThrowsExample implements Runnable {
  @SneakyThrows(UnsupportedEncodingException.class)
  public String utf8ToString(byte[] bytes) {
    return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
  }
  
  @SneakyThrows
  public void run() {
    throw new Throwable();
  }
}

@Synchronized

synchronized done right: Don't expose your locks.
該註解使用在類或者例項方法上,Synchronized在一個方法上,使用關鍵字可能會導致結果和想要的結果不同,因為多執行緒情況下會出現異常情況。Synchronized
關鍵字將在this示例方法情況下鎖定當前物件,或者class講臺方法的物件上多鎖定。這可能會導致死鎖現象。一般情況下建議鎖定一個專門用於此目的的獨立鎖,而不是允許公共物件進行鎖定。該註解也是為了達到該目的。

使用前:


public class SynchronizedExample {
  private static final Object $LOCK = new Object[0];
  private final Object $lock = new Object[0];
  private final Object readLock = new Object();
  
  public static void hello() {
    synchronized($LOCK) {
      System.out.println("world");
    }
  }
  
  public int answerToLife() {
    synchronized($lock) {
      return 42;
    }
  }
  
  public void foo() {
    synchronized(readLock) {
      System.out.println("bar");
    }
  }
}

使用後:

mport lombok.Synchronized;

public class SynchronizedExample {
  private final Object readLock = new Object();
  
  @Synchronized
  public static void hello() {
    System.out.println("world");
  }
  
  @Synchronized
  public int answerToLife() {
    return 42;
  }
  
  @Synchronized("readLock")
  public void foo() {
    System.out.println("bar");
  }
}

@Log @Slf4j

Captain's Log, stardate 24435.7: "What was that line again?"
日誌型別
experimental
Head to the lab: The new stuff we're working on.

@CommonsLog
Creates private static final org.apache.commons.logging.Log log = org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogExample.class);
@Flogger
Creates private static final com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger log = com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger.forEnclosingClass();
@JBossLog
Creates private static final org.jboss.logging.Logger log = org.jboss.logging.Logger.getLogger(LogExample.class);
@Log
Creates private static final java.util.logging.Logger log = java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(LogExample.class.getName());
@Log4j
Creates private static final org.apache.log4j.Logger log = org.apache.log4j.Logger.getLogger(LogExample.class);
@Log4j2
Creates private static final org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger log = org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager.getLogger(LogExample.class);
@Slf4j
Creates private static final org.slf4j.Logger log = org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogExample.class);
@XSlf4j
Creates private static final org.slf4j.ext.XLogger log = org.slf4j.ext.XLoggerFactory.getXLogger(LogExample.class);

使用前:

public class LogExample {
  private static final java.util.logging.Logger log = java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(LogExample.class.getName());
  
  public static void main(String... args) {
    log.severe("Something's wrong here");
  }
}

public class LogExampleOther {
  private static final org.slf4j.Logger log = org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogExampleOther.class);
  
  public static void main(String... args) {
    log.error("Something else is wrong here");
  }
}

public class LogExampleCategory {
  private static final org.apache.commons.logging.Log log = org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog("CounterLog");

  public static void main(String... args) {
    log.error("Calling the 'CounterLog' with a message");
  }
}

使用後:

import lombok.extern.java.Log;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Log
public class LogExample {
  
  public static void main(String... args) {
    log.severe("Something's wrong here");
  }
}

@Slf4j
public class LogExampleOther {
  
  public static void main(String... args) {
    log.error("Something else is wrong here");
  }
}

@CommonsLog(topic="CounterLog")
public class LogExampleCategory {

  public static void main(String... args) {
    log.error("Calling the 'CounterLog' with a message");
  }
}

參考文章連結:

https://www.baeldung.com/lombok-builder

https://blog.csdn.net/motui/article/details/79012846

https://blog.csdn.net/motui/article/details/79012846

https://projectlombok.org/

https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000005133786