Spring基礎：快速入門spring boot（8）：使用Junit進行測試
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-10
使用Junit或者TestNG可以進行單體測試，這篇文章簡單說明一下如何在Spring boot的專案中使用Junit進行單體測試。
pom設定
pom中需要新增spring-boot-starter-test
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
確認依賴
使用Java進行Unit測試至少需要Junit之類的測試框架，另外spring boot相關的測試還應該有一些Mock相關的依賴，這個spring-boot-starter-test到底包含什麼，可以使用maven dependency來進行確認一下。
使用命令：mvn dependency:tree
結果資訊：
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:3.0.2:tree (default-cli) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] com.liumiaocn:springbootdemo:jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT [INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-logging:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | | +- ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:jar:1.2.3:compile [INFO] | | | | \- ch.qos.logback:logback-core:jar:1.2.3:compile [INFO] | | | +- org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-to-slf4j:jar:2.10.0:compile [INFO] | | | | \- org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api:jar:2.10.0:compile [INFO] | | | \- org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j:jar:1.7.25:compile [INFO] | | +- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:jar:1.3.2:compile [INFO] | | \- org.yaml:snakeyaml:jar:1.19:runtime [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-json:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:jar:2.9.7:compile [INFO] | | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:jar:2.9.0:compile [INFO] | | | \- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:jar:2.9.7:compile [INFO] | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jdk8:jar:2.9.7:compile [INFO] | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jsr310:jar:2.9.7:compile [INFO] | | \- com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-parameter-names:jar:2.9.7:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:jar:8.5.34:compile [INFO] | | +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:jar:8.5.34:compile [INFO] | | \- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:jar:8.5.34:compile [INFO] | +- org.hibernate.validator:hibernate-validator:jar:6.0.13.Final:compile [INFO] | | +- javax.validation:validation-api:jar:2.0.1.Final:compile [INFO] | | +- org.jboss.logging:jboss-logging:jar:3.3.2.Final:compile [INFO] | | \- com.fasterxml:classmate:jar:1.3.4:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-web:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | \- org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-context:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] \- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:test [INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:test [INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test-autoconfigure:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:test [INFO] +- com.jayway.jsonpath:json-path:jar:2.4.0:test [INFO] | +- net.minidev:json-smart:jar:2.3:test [INFO] | | \- net.minidev:accessors-smart:jar:1.2:test [INFO] | | \- org.ow2.asm:asm:jar:5.0.4:test [INFO] | \- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.7.25:compile [INFO] +- junit:junit:jar:4.12:test [INFO] +- org.assertj:assertj-core:jar:3.9.1:test [INFO] +- org.mockito:mockito-core:jar:2.15.0:test [INFO] | +- net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy:jar:1.7.11:test [INFO] | +- net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy-agent:jar:1.7.11:test [INFO] | \- org.objenesis:objenesis:jar:2.6:test [INFO] +- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:jar:1.3:test [INFO] +- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:jar:1.3:test [INFO] +- org.skyscreamer:jsonassert:jar:1.5.0:test [INFO] | \- com.vaadin.external.google:android-json:jar:0.0.20131108.vaadin1:test [INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-core:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-jcl:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-test:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:test [INFO] \- org.xmlunit:xmlunit-core:jar:2.5.1:test
在org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:test下面我們看到了junit:junit:jar:4.12:test以及org.mockito:mockito-core:jar:2.15.0:test的資訊，這是spring boot已經整理完畢的內容，我們只需要寫TestCase即可。
建立測試目錄
根據慣例建立測試目錄如下：
liumiaocn:src liumiao$ ls main test liumiaocn:src liumiao$ find . -type d . ./test ./test/java ./test/java/com ./test/java/com/liumiaocn ./test/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo ./main ./main/resources ./main/java ./main/java/com ./main/java/com/liumiaocn ./main/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo liumiaocn:src liumiao$
建立測試用例
程式碼示例
liumiaocn:src liumiao$ cat ./test/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/SpringbootdemoApplicationTests.java
package com.liumiaocn.springbootdemo;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringbootdemoApplicationTests {
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
}
}
liumiaocn:src liumiao$
程式碼說明
- COC：根據慣例進行定義測試類的名稱
- SpringBootTest註解：SpringBootTest是1.4之後引入的一個註解，使得springboot的測試變得更加方便
- RunWith註解：使用了此註解的情況下，JUnit會呼叫RunWith中所指定的類。不同的框架提供相應的Runner用於測試，比如Junit自己的JUnit4.class，在比如spring的SpringJUnit4ClassRunner或者SpringRunner，都可與之結合使用。
- Test註解：Junit的常用註解之一，用於定義測試方法，不再贅述。
執行測試
命令： mvn test
部分執行內容如下：
[INFO] Results:
[INFO]
[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
在實施的結果中可以看到執行起來的測試用例為1個，沒有失敗/跳過/出錯的。
總結
通過spring-boot-starter-test的引入，在springboot中已經做好所有單元測試的準備，根據慣例的方式設定測試目錄和檔名稱，結合使用springboottest等註解，可以使用Junit對springboot的應用進行測試。最後使用mvn test即可執行相關的測試用例並可確認結果，後面將會進一步說明如何與sonarqube以及jacoco等進行結合確認程式碼掃描等。