基於Controller介面的Spring MVC控制器的Web應用（一）
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-11
一、建立一個基於maven的web應用
1.在pom.xml檔案中匯入以下依賴
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.james</groupId> <artifactId>SpringMVCTest</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>SpringMVCTest Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.ant/ant --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.ant</groupId> <artifactId>ant</artifactId> <version>1.9.6</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.ant/ant-launcher --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.ant</groupId> <artifactId>ant-launcher</artifactId> <version>1.9.6</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/aopalliance/aopalliance --> <dependency> <groupId>aopalliance</groupId> <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.ow2.asm/asm --> <dependency> <groupId>org.ow2.asm</groupId> <artifactId>asm</artifactId> <version>5.0.4</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjrt --> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId> <version>1.8.6</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjtools --> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjtools</artifactId> <version>1.8.6</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjweaver --> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.8.6</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.mchange/c3p0 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.2.1</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/cglib/cglib --> <dependency> <groupId>cglib</groupId> <artifactId>cglib</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-c3p0 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId> <version>4.3.5.Final</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.javassist/javassist --> <dependency> <groupId>org.javassist</groupId> <artifactId>javassist</artifactId> <version>3.20.0-GA</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp.jstl/javax.servlet.jsp.jstl-api --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl-api</artifactId> <version>1.2.1</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.glassfish.web/javax.servlet.jsp.jstl --> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2.1</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.logging.log4j/log4j-api --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId> <version>2.3</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.logging.log4j/log4j-core --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId> <version>2.3</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.mchange/mchange-commons-java --> <dependency> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>mchange-commons-java</artifactId> <version>0.2.3.4</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.4.1</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis-spring --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.3.0</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.30</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/ognl/ognl --> <dependency> <groupId>ognl</groupId> <artifactId>ognl</artifactId> <version>3.1.8</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/slf4j-api --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.21</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/slf4j-log4j12 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>1.7.21</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context-support --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-instrument --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-instrument-tomcat --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-instrument-tomcat</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jms --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-messaging --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-oxm --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc-portlet --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc-portlet</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-websocket --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>SpringMVCTest</finalName> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0</version> </plugin> <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.7.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.20.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>
2.配置前端控制器DispatcherServlet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!--定義Spring MVC的前端控制器--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-config.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!--讓Spring MVC 的前端控制器攔截所有請求--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
3.配置Spring MVC的Controller
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--配置Handle，對映"/Hello"請求--> <bean name="/hello" class="com.james.controller.HelloController"/> <!--處理對映器將bean的name作為url進行查詢，需要在配置Handle時指定name（即url）--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/> <!--SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter是一個處理器介面卡，所有處理介面卡都要實現HandlerAdapter--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/> <!--檢視解析器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"/> </beans>
4.Controller類的實現
package com.james.controller;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* @author James
*
* HelloController是一個實現Controller介面的控制器
*
* 可以處理一個單一的請求動作
*/
public class HelloController implements Controller {
public static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(HelloController.class);
/**
* handleRequest是Controller介面必須實現的方法
* 該方法的引數是對應請求的HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse
* 該方法必須返回一個包含檢視名或檢視名和模型的ModelAndView物件
* @param request
* @param response
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
logger.info("handleRequest方法被呼叫.....");
//建立準備返回的ModelAndView，該物件通常包含了返回檢視名、模型的名稱以及模型物件
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
//新增模型資料，可以是任意的POJO物件
mv.addObject("message","Hello World");
//設定邏輯檢視名，檢視解析器會根據該名字解析到具體的檢視頁面
mv.setViewName("/WEB-INF/content/welcome.jsp");
//返回ModelAndView物件
return mv;
}
}5.View頁面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${message}
</body>
</html>6.測試應用
在瀏覽器中輸入以下url來測試應用，
如看到以下畫面，則表示Spring MVC訪問成功。
