1. 程式人生 > >動手動腦5

動手動腦5

1.AboutException.java

import javax.swing.*;

class AboutException {
   public static void main(String[] a) 
   {
      int i=1, j=0, k;
      k=i/j;


	try
	{
		
		k = i/j;    // Causes division-by-zero exception
		//throw new Exception("Hello.Exception!");
	}
	
	catch ( ArithmeticException e)
	{
		System.out.println("被0除.  "+ e.getMessage());
	}
	
	catch (Exception e)
	{
		if (e instanceof ArithmeticException)
			System.out.println("被0除");
		else
		{  
			System.out.println(e.getMessage());
			
		}
	}

	
	finally
     {
     		JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,"OK");
     }
		
  }
}

  輸出結果:

java.lang.ArithmeticException指算術上的錯誤,將j值改變

 使用異常處理後:

2.多層的異常捕獲

public class CatchWho { 
    public static void main(String[] args) { 
        try { 
            	try { 
                	throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(); 
            	} 
            	catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { 
               		System.out.println(  "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" +  "/內層try-catch"); 
            	}
 
            throw new ArithmeticException(); 
        } 
        catch(ArithmeticException e) { 
            System.out.println("發生ArithmeticException"); 
        } 
        catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { 
           System.out.println(  "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外層try-catch"); 
        } 
    } 
}

  輸出結果:

 

public class CatchWho2 { 
    public static void main(String[] args) { 
        try {
            	try { 
                	throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(); 
            	} 
            	catch(ArithmeticException e) { 
                	System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/內層try-catch"); 
            	}
            throw new ArithmeticException(); 
        } 
        catch(ArithmeticException e) { 
            System.out.println("發生ArithmeticException"); 
        } 
        catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { 
            System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外層try-catch"); 
        } 
    } 
}

  輸出結果:

當多層巢狀時,通過catch可以捕捉相應異常,但異常不符合指定內容無法捕捉

 

3.多層巢狀執行

class EmbededFinally{

    
	public static void main(String args[]) {
        
		int result;
        
		try {
            
			System.out.println("in Level 1");

           
		 	try {
                
				System.out.println("in Level 2");
  // result=100/0;  //Level 2
               
 				try {
                   
				 	System.out.println("in Level 3");
                      
				 	result=100/0;  //Level 3
                
				} 
                
				catch (Exception e) {
                    
					System.out.println("Level 3:" + e.getClass().toString());
                
				}
                
                
				finally {
                    
					System.out.println("In Level 3 finally");
                
				}
                
               
				// result=100/0;  //Level 2

            
				}
            
			catch (Exception e) {
               
			 	System.out.println("Level 2:" + e.getClass().toString());
           
		 	}
		 	finally {
                
				System.out.println("In Level 2 finally");
           
			 }
             
			// result = 100 / 0;  //level 1
        
		} 
        
		catch (Exception e) {
            
			System.out.println("Level 1:" + e.getClass().toString());
        
		}
        
		finally {
           
	 	System.out.println("In Level 1 finally");
        
		}
    
	}

}

  輸出結果:

當有多層巢狀的finally時,異常在不同的層次丟擲 ,在不同的位置丟擲,可能會導致不同的finally語句塊執行順序。

4.SystemExitAndFinally.java

public class SystemExitAndFinally {

    
	public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        
		try{

            
			System.out.println("in main");
            
			throw new Exception("Exception is thrown in main");

            		//System.exit(0);

        
		}
        
		catch(Exception e)

	        {
            
			System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            
			System.exit(0);
        
		}
        
		finally
        
		{
            
			System.out.println("in finally");
        
		}
    
	}


}

  輸出結果:

finally語句塊不一定執行。

通過System.exit(0)停止程式。

 5.PrintExceptionStack.java

public class PrintExceptionStack {
public static void main( String args[] )
{
   try {
      method1();
   }
   catch ( Exception e ) {
      System.err.println( e.getMessage() + "\n" );
      e.printStackTrace();
   }
}

public static void method1() throws Exception
{
   method2();
}

public static void method2() throws Exception
{
   method3();
}

public static void method3() throws Exception
{
   throw new Exception( "Exception thrown in method3" );
}
} 


 當程式中出現異常時,JVM會依據方法呼叫順序依次查詢有關的錯誤處理程式。可使用printStackTrace 和 getMessage方法瞭解異常發生的情況:

printStackTrace:列印方法呼叫堆疊。
每個Throwable類的物件都有一個getMessage方法,它返回一個字串,這個字串是在Exception建構函式中傳入的,通常讓這一字串包含特定異常的相關資訊

6.ThrowMultiExceptionsDemo.java

import java.io.*;
public class ThrowMultiExceptionsDemo { 
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    	{ 
      try { 
            throwsTest(); 
       } 
        catch(IOException e) { 
            System.out.println("捕捉異常"); 
        }
    }

    private static void throwsTest()  throws ArithmeticException,IOException { 
        System.out.println("這只是一個測試"); 
        // 程式處理過程假設發生異常
        throw new IOException(); 
        //throw new ArithmeticException(); 
    } 
}

  當一個方法宣告出現多個異常時,在此方法呼叫語句處只要catch捕捉到任何一個異常,程式就可以順利編譯。

8.OverrideThrows.java

import java.io.*;


public class OverrideThrows
{
	public void test()throws IOException
	{
		FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("a.txt");
	}
}
class Sub extends OverrideThrows
{
	//如果test方法宣告丟擲了比父類方法更大的異常,比如Exception
    //則程式碼將無法編譯……
	public void test() throws FileNotFoundException
	{
            //...
	}
}

  一個子類的throws子句丟擲的異常,不能是其基類同名方法丟擲的異常物件的父類。