SpringCloud總結--SpringCloud簡單使用以及Ribbon和Feign的使用
SpringCloud是基於SpringBoot的一整套實現微服務的框架。他提供了微服務開發所需的配置管理、服務發現、斷路器、智慧路由、微代理、控制匯流排、全域性鎖、決策競選、分散式會話和叢集狀態管理等元件。最重要的是,跟spring boot框架一起使用的話,會讓你開發微服務架構的雲服務非常好的方便。SpringCloud也是基於RPC遠端呼叫協議,所以也是需要一個註冊中心,註冊中心可以使用Eureka,zk(Zookeeper)等。
SpringCloud特點:
1、SpringCloud 是基於SpringBoot的,所以擁有SpringBoot的所以特點
2.約定優於配置
3、開箱即用、快速啟用
4、適用於各種環境
5、輕量級的元件
6、元件否支援很豐富,功能很齊全
7、選型中立
下面就對SpringCloud的使用以及結合Ribbon的使用(註冊中心使用Eureka)
一、註冊中心Eureka的使用(這邊加入了Eureka的認證)
a、pom.xml依賴
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId> <version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
b、application.yml
security:
user:
password: zj123
name: user
basic:
enabled: true
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: false
defaultZone: http://user:[email protected]:8761/eureka
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false ##當前Eureke只做服務,不作為客戶端,因為在高可用的環境下Eureka是服務也是客戶端,用於Eureka的同步
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false ##當前Eureke只做服務,不作為客戶端,因為在高可用的環境下Eureka是服務也是客戶端,用於Eureka的同步
c、啟動類
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class, args);
}
}
注:啟動後訪問http://localhost:8761 ,使用者名稱密碼:user,zj123(根據security的配置)
二、服務釋出者
1.pom.xml依賴(這邊添加了Mybaits的依賴)
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<mybatis-spring-boot.version>1.2.0</mybatis-spring-boot.version>
<mysql-connector.version>5.1.39</mysql-connector.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis-spring-boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、application.yml
server:
port: 8098
spring:
application:
name: provider-user
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-cloud
username: root
password: zj123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
type-aliases-package: com.zhuojing.bean
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://user:[email protected]:8761/eureka
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
instance-id: ${spring.application.name}\:${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}\:${spring.application.instance_id\:${server.port}}
3、Controller介面
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@GetMapping("/simple/{id}")
public User getUserById(@PathVariable Long id){
return userDao.getById(id);
}
}
注:這邊dao使用Mybaits實現的就詳細說明,這邊介面就是根據請求引數請求一張表記錄
4、啟動類
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ApplocationTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ApplocationTest.class, args);
}
}
三、服務消費者使用(這邊使用Ribbon進行呼叫)
1、pom.xml的依賴
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<mybatis-spring-boot.version>1.2.0</mybatis-spring-boot.version>
<mysql-connector.version>5.1.39</mysql-connector.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2、application.yml
server:
port: 8089
spring:
application:
name: customer-user
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://user:[email protected]:8761/eureka
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}
provider-user:
ribbon:
NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule
3、呼叫:使用Ribbon呼叫
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import com.zhuojing.bean.User;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping(value="/simple/{id}",produces=MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE+";charset=utf-8")
public User findUserById(@PathVariable Long id){
//服務提供者地址 microservice-provider-user
return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://PROVIDER-USER/simple/"+id, User.class);
}
}
4、啟動類
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class AppCusRibbonPropertiesTest {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(AppCusRibbonPropertiesTest.class, args);
}
}
使用Ribbon即時使用註解@LoadBalanced 使用即可
同時這邊使用基於配置檔案的方式配置了Ribbon的呼叫服務的負載策略:
provider-user:
ribbon:
NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule
這邊使用的是隨機的方式,Ribbon還提供了多做負載均衡策略如輪詢,選擇最小併發等,同時還可以自定義負載均衡策略,這邊就不詳細介紹,剛興趣的可以自行查閱下資料
四、消費者的使用(使用Feign)
Feign是一個客戶端負載均衡的元件,預設負載均衡策略是輪詢
1、pom.xml 依賴
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<mybatis-spring-boot.version>1.2.0</mybatis-spring-boot.version>
<mysql-connector.version>5.1.39</mysql-connector.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
<version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2、application.yml
server:
port: 8089
spring:
application:
name: customer-user
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://user:[email protected]:8761/eureka
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}
3、編寫feign介面,使用@FeignClient註解
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import com.config.Configuration1;
import com.zhuojing.bean.User;
import feign.Param;
import feign.RequestLine;
@FeignClient(name="provider-user",configuration=Configuration1.class)
public interface UserFeignClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "/simple/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public User getUserById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
// 兩個坑:1. @GetMapping不支援 2. @PathVariable得設定value
}
4、Controller呼叫類
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.zhuojing.bean.User;
import com.zhuojing.feign.UserFeignClient;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserFeignClient userFeignClient;
@GetMapping(value="/simple/{id}",produces=MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE+";charset=utf-8")
public User findUserById(@PathVariable Long id){
return userFeignClient.getUserById(id);
}
}
4、啟動類
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class ApplicationCustomerFeignTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ApplicationCustomerFeignTest.class, args);
}
}
注:Feign使用是第一次可能會出現請求超時的問題,針對這個問題,有以下幾種角色方案
# 解決第一次請求報超時異常的方案:
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds: 5000
# 或者:
hystrix.command.default.execution.timeout.enabled: false
# 或者:
feign.hystrix.enabled: false ## 索性禁用feign的hystrix支援
五、其他說明
服務消費者獲取List結果(坑,先轉化為陣列)
@GetMapping("/getAllUser")
public List<User> getAllUser(){
User[] users = this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://provider-user/getAllUser", User[].class);
List<User> list = Arrays.asList(users);
for (User user : list) {
System.out.println(user.getId());
}
return list;
}