經測試研究，應該是協議問題，

public void startClient(String username) {
        TTransport tTransport = null;
        try {
            tTransport = new TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT);
            TTransport transport = new TFramedTransport(tTransport);
            //協議要和服務端一致
            TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
            HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(protocol);
            tTransport.open();

            String result = client.sayHello(username);
            System.out.println("Thrift client result=" + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

根據伺服器端分析 ，新增程式碼：TTransport transport = new TFramedTransport(tTransport);

測試，通過。