互斥鎖：

初始化程序鎖：

int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex,const pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr);

其中 mutex 為鎖號
attr為屬性

摧毀互斥鎖:

 int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);

加鎖與解鎖:

int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
int pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex
 
);
int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);

其中trylock為嘗試加鎖，但不阻塞。

執行緒條件變數：

初始化與摧毀：

int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond);
int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond,const pthread_condattr_t *restrict attr);

其中cond為條件變數
attr為屬性。

建立分離執行緒：

int pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t *attr); //初始化屬性
 

int pthread_attr_setdetachstate(pthread_attr_t *attr, int detachstate);//設定分離屬性的值

其中detachstate的值：

PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED  --->分離
PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE   --->非分離

例項：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#include<semaphore.h>
 

#include<string.h>
#define WORK_SIZE 1024
void * thread_function(void *arg);//定義執行緒函式
pthread_mutex_t work_mutex;//定義鎖
char work_area[WORK_SIZE];

pthread_cond_t cid;//定義條件變數

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
    int res;
    pthread_t a_thread;//建立執行緒id
    void *thread_result;
    res = pthread_mutex_init(&work_mutex,NULL);//初始化鎖
    if(res !=0)
    {
        printf("mutex initialization failed\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    if(pthread_cond_init(&cid,NULL)<0)//初始化條件變數
    {
        perror("get cond fail");
        exit(-1);
    }
    res = pthread_create(&a_thread,NULL,thread_function,NULL);//建立執行緒
    if(res !=0)
    {
        printf("thread create failed\n");
        exit(-1);
    }

    if(pthread_mutex_lock(&work_mutex)<0)//鎖住互斥鎖
        {
            perror("father lock cond fail");
            exit(-1);
        }
    while(1)
    {
        printf("input some text,enter 'end' to finish\n");

        gets(work_area);//獲取字串

        pthread_mutex_unlock(&work_mutex);//解鎖
        if(pthread_cond_signal(&cid)<0)//傳送訊號給子執行緒
        {
            perror("signal cond fail");
            exit(-1);
        }
        if(strcmp(work_area,"end")==0)
        {
            break;
        }
        if(pthread_cond_wait(&cid,&work_mutex)<0)//等待子執行緒訊號,當收到訊號時，會自動上鎖
        {
            perror("wait cond fail");
            exit(-1);
        }

    }   
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&work_mutex);
    printf("waiting for thread to finish...\n");
    res = pthread_join(a_thread,&thread_result);
    if(res !=0)
    {
        printf("thread join failed\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    printf("thread join \n");
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&work_mutex);
    exit(-1);   
}
void *thread_function(void *arg)
{
    while(strncmp("end",work_area,3)!=0)//如果收到end則跳出
    {
        work_area[0]='\0';//清空

        if(pthread_cond_wait(&cid,&work_mutex)<0)//等待父執行緒訊號
        {
            perror("wait cond fail");
            exit(-1);
        }
        printf("you input %d charactes\n",strlen(work_area)-1);
        printf("the characters is \"%s\"\n",work_area);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&work_mutex);//輸出完後解鎖
        if(pthread_cond_signal(&cid)<0)//傳送訊號給父執行緒
        {
            perror("signal cond fail");
            exit(-1);
        }
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&work_mutex);//解鎖
    pthread_exit(0);
}