linux 免密碼登陸
1.Linux下生成金鑰
ssh-keygen的命令手冊，通過”man ssh-keygen“命令：
通過命令”ssh-keygen -t rsa“
生成之後會在使用者的根目錄生成一個 “.ssh”的資料夾
進入“.ssh”會生成以下幾個檔案
authorized_keys:存放遠端免密登入的公鑰,主要通過這個檔案記錄多臺機器的公鑰
id_rsa : 生成的私鑰檔案
id_rsa.pub ： 生成的公鑰檔案
know_hosts : 已知的主機公鑰清單
如果希望ssh公鑰生效需滿足至少下面兩個條件：
1) .ssh目錄的許可權必須是700
2) .ssh/authorized_keys檔案許可權必須是600
2.遠端免密登入
原理圖：
常用以下幾種方法：
2.1 通過ssh-copy-id的方式
命令： ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.put <romte_ip>
舉例：
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[[email protected]
test
.
ssh
]
# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.91.135
[email protected]'s password:
Now try logging into the machine, with
"ssh '192.168.91.135'", and check
in
:
.
ssh
/authorized_keys
to
make
sure we haven
't added extra keys that you weren'
t expecting.
[[email protected]
test
.
ssh
]
# ssh [email protected]
Last login: Mon Oct 10 01:25:49 2016 from 192.168.91.133
[[email protected] ~]
#
|
常見錯誤：
[[email protected] ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.91.135
-bash: ssh-copy-id: command not found //提示命令不存在
解決辦法：yum -y install openssh-clients
2.2 通過scp將內容寫到對方的檔案中
命令：scp -p ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]<remote_ip>:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
舉例：
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[[email protected]
test
.
ssh
]
# scp -p ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
[email protected]'s password:
id_rsa.pub 100% 408 0.4KB
/s
00:00
[[email protected]
test
.
ssh
]
#
[[email protected]
test
.
ssh
]
#
[[email protected]
test
.
ssh
]
#
[[email protected]
test
.
ssh
]
# ssh [email protected]
Last login: Mon Oct 10 01:27:02 2016 from 192.168.91.133
[[email protected] ~]
#
|
也可以分為兩步操作：
$ scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]<remote_ip>:pub_key //將檔案拷貝至遠端伺服器
$ cat ~/pub_key >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys //將內容追加到authorized_keys檔案中， 不過要登入遠端伺服器來執行這條命令
2.3 通過Ansible實現批量免密
2.3.1 將需要做免密操作的機器hosts新增到/etc/ansible/hosts下：
[Avoid close]
192.168.91.132
192.168.91.133
192.168.91.134
2.3.2 執行命令進行免密操作
ansible <groupname> -m authorized_key -a "user=root key='{{ lookup('file','/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}'" -k
示例：
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[[email protected]
test
sshpass-1.05]
# ansible test -m authorized_key -a "user=root key='{{ lookup('file','/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}'" -k
SSH password: ----->輸入密碼
192.168.91.135 | success >> {
"changed"
:
true
,
"key"
:
"ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEArZI4kxlYuw7j1nt5ueIpTPWfGBJoZ8Mb02OJHR8yGW7A3izwT3/uhkK7RkaGavBbAlprp5bxp3i0TyNxa/apBQG5NiqhYO8YCuiGYGsQAGwZCBlNLF3gq1/18B6FV5moE/8yTbFA4dBQahdtVP PejLlSAbb5ZoGK8AtLlcRq49IENoXB99tnFVn3gMM0aX24ido1ZF9RfRWzfYF7bVsLsrIiMPmVNe5KaGL9kZ0svzoZ708yjWQQCEYWp0m+sODbtGPC34HMGAHjFlsC/SJffLuT/ug/hhCJUYeExHIkJF8OyvfC6DeF7ArI6zdKER7D8M0SM WQmpKUltj2nltuv3w== [email protected]"
,
"key_options"
: null,
"keyfile"
:
"/root/.ssh/authorized_keys"
,
"manage_dir"
:
true
,
"path"
: null,
"state"
:
"present"
,
"unique"
:
false
,
"user"
:
"root"
}
[[email protected]
test
sshpass-1.05]
#
|
2.4 手工複製貼上的方式
將本地id_rsa.pub檔案的內容拷貝至遠端伺服器的~/.ssh/authorized_keys檔案中